Linguifex

Czecklish: Difference between revisions

← Older edit
Mcmisher (talk | contribs)
33 edits
Updating infobox
 
(12 intermediate revisions by one other user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{privatelang}}
{{privatelang}}
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_priori]]
[[Category:Alien_languages]]
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name          = Czecklish
|name          = Czecklish
|nativename    = Czěcklíš
|nativename    = Czěcklíš
|pronunciation = [ʈʂeːˈkɫiːɕ]
|pronunciation = ʈʂeːˈkɫiːɕ
|regions       = Czeckland, Sudenland
|creator       = User:Mcmisher
|setting      = Parallel Earth, Czeckland, Sudenland
|speakers      = 52,724
|date          = 2019 census
|familycolor  = Isolate
|states        = Saxony
|states        = Saxony
|speakers      = 52,724
|fam1          = Czecklish Language Family
|date          =
|fam1          =  
|nations      = Germany, Czechia
|nations      = Germany, Czechia
|agency        = Czecklish Revitalization Project
|agency        = Czecklish Revitalization Project
|iso1          = ck
|script1      = Latn
|iso2          = czk
|iso3          = czk
|script        =  
}}
}}
<br />
<br />


{{ClassMeter
The Czecklish language, or Czěcklíš  is a language isolate of extraterrestrial origin. The humans who came into contact with these aliens adopted their language for their use, and it has since diverged and become its own language family. Czecklish is spoken by some 50,000 people, primarily in Saxony, Germany and Sudenland, Czechia. There is a current language shift towards Czecklish in the Erzebirgisch region of Saxony. All speakers are bilingual in German, and often speak at least 3 other languages fluently - usually Polish,
|Name      = Czecklish
Czech, English, French and Spanish. UNESCO considers Czecklish to be "vulnerable", as it is historically discouraged to speak it in public or at school.
|NativeName = Czěcklíš
|Type      = Fusional, Agglutinative
|Alignment = Tripartite
 
|adjective      = final
|adposition    = final
|adverb        = final
|article        = final
|relativeclause = final
|nounclause = final
|order = VOS
 
|Tonal      = no
|Declined  = yes
|Conjugated = yes
|Genders    = n/a
|NCase  = yes
|NNumber = yes
|NDefiniteness = yes
|NGender = yes
|VVoice  = yes
|VMood  = yes
|VPerson = yes
|VNumber = yes
|VTense  = yes
|VAspect = yes
 
|Phonology=100
|NounCases=0
|NounDef=0
|NounNumbers=0
|NounGender=0
|VerbPerson=0
|VerbNumber=0
|VerbAspect=50
|VerbTense=50
|VerbMood=50
|VerbVoice=50
|AdjComparative=100
|Supine=100
|Gerund=100
|Participle=100
|Infinitive=100
|Modality=50
|Words=0}}


==History==
==History==
Line 252: Line 212:
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 90px; "|
! style="width: 90px; "|
! style="width: 90px; " |i̯-
! style="width: 90px; " | i̯-
! style="width: 90px; " |u̯-
! style="width: 90px; " | u̯-
! style="width: 90px; " |-i̯
! style="width: 90px; " | -i̯
! style="width: 90px; " | -u̯
! style="width: 90px; " | -u̯
|-
|-
Line 358: Line 318:
====Features====
====Features====
All vowels are either front or back in regards to the [±back] vowel feature. There are two sets of vocal harmony systems: a simple one and a complex one. The simple one is concerned with only the [±front] feature, allowing all front vowels in a word, regardless of rounding. The complex one is concerned with both [±front] and [±rounded] features, allowing only vowels that are front or back; additionally, all front or back vowels must be either rounded or unrounded. In a complex vowel system, both rounded and unrounded vowels cannot appear in a word.
All vowels are either front or back in regards to the [±back] vowel feature. There are two sets of vocal harmony systems: a simple one and a complex one. The simple one is concerned with only the [±front] feature, allowing all front vowels in a word, regardless of rounding. The complex one is concerned with both [±front] and [±rounded] features, allowing only vowels that are front or back; additionally, all front or back vowels must be either rounded or unrounded. In a complex vowel system, both rounded and unrounded vowels cannot appear in a word.
<br>
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"
! colspan="4" style="width: 68px; " | '''Unrounded'''
! colspan="4" style="width: 68px; " | '''Rounded'''
|-
! colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | '''Front'''
! colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | '''Back'''
! colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | '''Front'''
! colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | '''Back'''
|-
! style="width: 68px; " | '''Long'''
! style="width: 68px; " | '''Short'''
! '''Long'''
! '''Short'''
! style="width: 68px; " | '''Long'''
! style="width: 68px; " | '''Short'''
! '''Long'''
! '''Short'''
|-
| style="width: 68px; " | iː
| style="width: 68px; " | ɪ
| ɯː
| ɯ
| style="width: 68px; " | yː
| style="width: 68px; " | ʏ
| uː
| ʊ
|-
| eː
| ɛ
| ɤː
| ʌ
| øː
| œ
| oː
| ɔ
|-
| æː
| ɛ
| ɑː
| ɐ
| øː
| œ
| ɒː
| ɑː
|-
|}
<br>
<br>


====Nasal Vowels====
====Nasal Vowels====
Nasal Vowels adhere only to the simple vowel harmony system, with only the [±front] feature being considered, regardless of rounding. Nasal Vowels may accompany Oral Vowels in vowel harmony.
Nasal Vowels adhere only to the simple vowel harmony system, with only the [±front] feature being considered, regardless of rounding. Nasal Vowels may accompany Oral Vowels in vowel harmony.
<br>
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"
! colspan="4" style="width: 68px; " | '''Unrounded'''
! colspan="4" style="width: 68px; " | '''Rounded'''
|-
! colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | '''Front'''
! colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | '''Back'''
! colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | '''Front'''
! colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | '''Back'''
|-
| colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | ĩː
| colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | ɯː / uː
| colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | iː / yː
| colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | ũː
|-
| colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | ẽː
| colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | ɤː / oː
| colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | eː / øː
| colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | õː
|-
| colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " |
| colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " |
| colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | eː / øː
| colspan="2" style="width: 68px; " | ɑ̃ː
|-
|}
<br>
<br>


Line 464: Line 497:
<br>
<br>


'''Nota Bene:''' For the rest of this document, affricates will be presented without the double inverted breve. This is to make reading IPA easier. If it is necessary to specify that a consonant cluster is not an affricate, a hyphen will be used.
'''Nota Bene:'''
<br>
For the rest of this document, affricates will be presented without the double inverted breve. This is to make reading IPA easier. If it is necessary to specify that a consonant cluster is not an affricate, a hyphen will be used.
<br />
<br />


'''Marginal Consonant Phonemes'''
'''Marginal Consonant Phonemes'''<br>
 
These phonemes are recorded in only a handful of roots or bound morphemes:
These phonemes are recorded in only a handful of roots or bound morphemes:
* /gʱ/ and /ɣ/
* /gʱ/ and /ɣ/
Line 474: Line 510:
<br />
<br />


'''Aspiration'''
'''Aspiration'''<br>
 
Czěcklíš has a distinction between non-aspirated and aspirated plosives and affricates (obstruents). Both voiceless and voiced obstruents can be aspirated. Non-aspirated obstruents are realized as unreleased obstruents [C̚], with little to no puff of air after release.  
Czěcklíš has a distinction between non-aspirated and aspirated plosives and affricates (obstruents). Both voiceless and voiced obstruents can be aspirated. Non-aspirated obstruents are realized as unreleased obstruents [C̚], with little to no puff of air after release.  
Aspirated voiceless obstruents are accompanied by a strong burst of air after release. Aspirated voiced obstruents are partially devoiced. Aspirate obstruents only appear before long oral or nasal vowels. Aspirate obstruents contrast with non-aspirate obstruents before /ɑː ɒː ɨː/ and /ɑ̃ː/.
Aspirated voiceless obstruents are accompanied by a strong burst of air after release. Aspirated voiced obstruents are partially devoiced. Aspirate obstruents only appear before long oral or nasal vowels. Aspirate obstruents contrast with non-aspirate obstruents before /ɑː ɒː ɨː/ and /ɑ̃ː/.
Line 480: Line 517:
<br />
<br />


'''Schwa Epenthesis, Sonorant Devoicing'''
'''Schwa Epenthesis, Sonorant Devoicing'''<br>
 
When [CʰC], where [Cʰ] is an aspirate obstruent and plain [C] is a sonorant, then a very weak schwa is inserted between the two consonants:
When [CʰC], where [Cʰ] is an aspirate obstruent and plain [C] is a sonorant, then a very weak schwa is inserted between the two consonants:
[CʰCV] → [CʰəCV]  
[CʰCV] → [CʰəCV]  
Line 488: Line 526:
<br />
<br />


'''Palatal Offglide'''
'''Palatal Offglide'''<br>
 
Palatalization of labial, velar and alveolar consonants when /Ce/ has largely disappeared, with only ‹ě› /eː/ to mark its historical and orthographic effects on alveolars. In many dialects a palatal offglide /j/ persists when /i/ and /æ/ appear after labials, velars and retroflex consonants. This offglide is not phonemic, and most L1 speakers have difficulty noticing it, even if it’s been brought to their attention.
Palatalization of labial, velar and alveolar consonants when /Ce/ has largely disappeared, with only ‹ě› /eː/ to mark its historical and orthographic effects on alveolars. In many dialects a palatal offglide /j/ persists when /i/ and /æ/ appear after labials, velars and retroflex consonants. This offglide is not phonemic, and most L1 speakers have difficulty noticing it, even if it’s been brought to their attention.
<br />
<br />


'''Nasal Vowels'''
'''Nasal Vowels'''<br>
 
Nasal front vowels do not cause palatalization of alveolars.
Nasal front vowels do not cause palatalization of alveolars.
<br>


====Allophones====
====Allophones====
'''Archiphonemes'''<br>
* /J/ is a variable underlying palatal phoneme [j], with various realizations in certain syllabic environments.
** When [C-] or [Cj(C)], then /J/ is realized as [j]
** When [-C-], then /J/ is realized as [x]
** When [CV], where [V] is /i e æ/, then /J/ is realized as [ɟ]
* /H/ is a variable underlying palatal phoneme [h], with various realizations in certain syllabic environments.
** When [C-], then /H/ is realized as [h]
** When [-C-], then /H/ is realized as [x]
** When [CV], where [V] is /i e æ/, then /H/ is realized as [ç]
* /X/ is a variable underlying palatal phoneme [x], with various realizations in certain syllabic environments.
** When [C-], then /X/ is realized as [x]
** When [-C-], then /X/ is realized as [h]
** When [CV], where [V] is /i e æ/, then /X/ is realized as [ç]
<br>
'''Velar Allophones'''<br>
* /K/ is a variable underlying velar phoneme [k], with various realizations in certain syllabic environments.
* When [C(C)-], then /K/ is realized as [k]
** /kː/ is often realized as [q]
* When [-kC], where [C] is a sonorant or /v/, then [kˠ]~[q]
* When [CV], where [V] is /i e æ/, then /K/ is realized as [ɕː]
* /G/ is a variable underlying velar phoneme [g], with various realizations in certain syllablic environments.
* When [-C-], then /G/ is elided
* When [CU/O/A], then /G/ is realized as [w] or [g]
* Word-initial [ɣ-]
* When [CI], then /G/ is realized as [j] or [ɟ]
* Word-initial [ʑ-]
'''/J/ vs /I/'''<br>
/j/ and /i/ form minimal pairs in diphthongs. e.g. /ai̯/ vs. /aj/, or /jo/ vs. /i̯o/. Additionally, /j/ can function by itself as a syllable in place of /i/.
<br>
'''Labial Allophones'''<br>
* When [CC-], /ɸ/ and /β/ are realized as [f] and [v]
* When [Cv], where [C] is a non-labial voiceless obstruent, then [v] is realized as [f]
* When [Cʰv], /v/ is realized as [f]
* When /hv/, /h/ assimilates to /v/ and the impossible consonant cluster is reduced to a more manageable [ɸ] or [β]
<br>
'''[ʍ] Allophones'''<br>
[ʍ] is a very unstable consonant, and tends to morph into a labial fricative.
* when [#ʍ-], /ʍ/ > [ʍ]
* when [ʍI], then /ʍ/ > /ɸ/ or /β/, depending on the voicing of the obstruent
<br>
'''Voiceless Sonorants'''<br>
* Voiced Sonorants become devoiced before voiceless aspirate obstruents.
** e.g. khraz /kʰrɑ/ is realized phonemically as [kʰər̥ɑ] or [kr̥ɑ]
<br>


====Assimilation====
====Assimilation====
'''Sonorant Assimilation'''<br>
Sonorants assimilate to the place of articulation of the following consonant.
* [r l m] before labial obstruents
* [r l n] before dental, alveolar and postalveolar obstruents
* [ɽ ɭ ɳ] before retroflex obstruents
* [r̝ ʎ ɲ] before palatal obstruents
* [r l ŋ] before velar obstruents
<br>
'''Retroflex Assimilation'''<br>
Assimilation of Retroflex Obstruents occurs when in [C₁C₂] clusters; where [C₁] is a non-retroflex coronal obstruent and [C₂] is a retroflex consonant.
* If [C₁C₂], then a Geminate Retroflex is formed from left-to-right assimilation.
** [C₁] assimilates to [C₂]'s place of articulation.
** If /t d/ and /ʈ ɖ/, then /tʈ dɖ/ becomes /ʈː ɖː/
* If [C₂C₁], then a Geminate Retroflex is formed from right-to-left assimilation.
** [C₂] assimilates to [C₁]'s place of articulation.
** If /ʈ ɖ/ and /c ɟ/, then /ʈc ɖɟ/ becomes /ʈː ɖː/
<br>
'''Sibilant Assimilation'''<br>
Assimilation of Sibilants occurs when in [C₁C₂] clusters; where [C₁] is alveolar and [C₂] is a palatal.
* If [C₁C₂], then a Geminate Sibilant is formed from left-to-right assimilation.
** [C₁] assimilates to [C₂]'s place of articulation.
** If /s z/ and /ʃ ʒ/, then /sʃ zʒ/ becomes /ʃː ʒː/
* If [C₂C₁], then a Geminate Sibilant is formed from right-to-left assimilation. 
** [C₂] assimilates to [C₁]'s place of articulation.
** If /ʃ ʒ/ and /s z/, then /ʃs ʒz/ becomes /ʃː ʒː/
* If one of the two adjacent Sibilants is an Affricate, the Affricate changes its place of articulation.
* Affricate-Fricative [CC] clusters are pronounced the same as geminate affricate.
* Assimilation can be omitted in articulated speech, e.g. to avoid homophony.
<br>
'''Palatal Assimilation'''<br>
An Alveolar and an adjacent Palatal results in a Palatal Geminate.
* Full palatal assimilation occurs when the final [-C] is [j]
* Partial assimilation takes place if an Alveolar Plosive is followed by a Palatal
* Alveolar Plosives assimilate to their Palatal counterpart before [ɲ]
<br>


====Consonant Mutation====
====Consonant Mutation====
Line 547: Line 687:


===Syntax===
===Syntax===
<!-- Categories -->
[[Category:Czecklish]]
[[Category:Languages]]
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Czecklish"