Eighth edition lekma: Difference between revisions

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    0.Foreword. Documenting is another side of hobby concerning the conlang. Still precisition needed. That of 0 to 7 editions though have few writings in practice without proper design, so they are hardly be documented. Index 0. outline. 1. on phonemes. 2. on graphemes. 3. graphs. 4. syntax.
    Ekma is a constructed language designed to low probability of grammatical errors. Autonym is lekmae /ˈɰekmɐ/ also spelt ekma/ekm, means verbal expression. It saw to a written laguage for spoken language of another world, parallel to this world. That was known through transliteration of their writing system, actually is a collection of about a thousand of invariable words.
    It basically preferred SV, CV, AN, VOS, CVC syllable, that are subject-intransitive/self causative verb alignment, complement/condition-main verb alignment, adjective-noun alignment, transitive verb-object-subjective theme alignment, any single consonant out of /*ɰ *ɥ *ŋ *k *d *f *t͡s *ɕ *ʂ *b *n *m/-any vowel out of /*ä *ɐ̯ä *äɐ̯ *äu̯ *ɐ *e *u̯e *ei̯ *ii̯ *i̯u *o *u̯o *ou̯ *i̯o *oi̯ *uu̯ *u̯i/-any consonant out of /*ɰ *ɥ *ŋ *k *d *f *t͡s *ɕ *ʂ *b *n *m/. Attached * means they are hypothetical construction. Each word has type, either of noun, adjective, adverb, verb, each category shares their minimal length of time, nouns are long, adjectives are semi long, adverbs are semi short, verbs are short.
    1. There listed as to descriptions, firstly phoneme, secondly the typical grapheme, thirdly approved allophonemes, finaly usual realisation of the phoneme, degrees may vary each. ɰ, r/l before any vowel/zero consonant/e at wo/a after an a, ɦ ʔ ɰ, ɰ it presents between vowels which lose phonemic value in other situations. ä, a, ɐ ä, ä. ɐ̯ä, à, ɐ̯ä e̯ä, e̯ä. äɐ̯, á/ä, äɐ̯ äː äi̯, äi̯. äu̯, ê, ɐu̯ ʌu̯ äu̯, äu̯. ɐ, ae, ɐ, ɐ. e, e, ɪ ɐ e, e. u̯e è, ø u̯e, u̯e. ei̯, é, ɛ eː ei̯, ei̯. ii̯, i, ii̯ iː i, i. i̯u, u, i̯u i̯y y, y. o, o, ʊ o, o. u̯o, ò, u̯ʌ u̯o, u̯o. ou̯, ó, ɔ oː ou̯, ou̯. i̯o, io, i̯o, i̯o. oi̯, ö, u̯ei̯ u̯eʏ̯ øʏ̯ oi̯ øi̯, øi̯. uu̯, v, uu̯ uː u, u. u̯i, ui, ɯ u̯i ɨ, ɨ. ɥ, l written before any consonant letter, ɥ̥ jʷ ɥ, ɥ. ŋ, h, ŋ̥ ŋ ɳ, ɳ. k, k, x q k, k. d, d/t, d̥ t d, t. f, f, ʋ f, f. t͡s, z, t͡s z s̪, s̪. ɕ, s, ɬ ɕ s, s. ʂ, ç, ʂ t͡ʂ, t͡ʂ. b, b, b̥ p b, b. n, n, n̥ ɲ n, n. m, m, m̥ m, m. Descriptions on writings are about graphemes.
    {{trans-top|2. Graphemes.}}
_a_ /ä/
Ca_ /ä/
_aa /ä/
Caa C/ä/
Cá_ C/ä/
Cáe C/ä/
_à_ /e̯ä/
_àe /e̯ä/
Cà_ C/e̯ä/
Càe C/e̯ä/
_ea /e̯ä/
Cea C/e̯ä/
_ä_ /äi̯/
_äe /äi̯/
_á_ /äi̯/
_áe /äi̯/
Caí C/äi̯/
Cä_ C/äi̯/
Cäe C/äi̯/
_ê_ /äu̯/
_êe /äu̯/
Cê_ C/äu̯/
Cêe C/äu̯/
_eu /äu̯/
Ceu C/äu̯/
_ae /ɐ/
Cae C/ɐ/
_e_ /e/
_ee /e/
Ce C/e/
Cee C/e/
_è_ /u̯e/
_èe /u̯e/
Cè_ C/u̯e/
Cèe C/u̯e/
_é_ /ei̯/
_ée /ei̯/
Cé_ C/ei̯/
Cée C/ei̯/
_i_ /i/
_ie /i/
Ci_ C/i/
Cie C/i/
_u_ /y/
Cu_ C/y/
_o_ /o/
Co_ C/o/
Coe C/o/
_ò_ /u̯o/
_òe /u̯o/
Cò_ /u̯o/
Còe /u̯o/
_ó_ /ou̯/
_óe /ou̯/
Có_ C/ou̯/
_oí /øi̯/
Coí C/øi̯/
_v_ /u/
_ve /u/
Cv_ C/u/
Cve C/u/
_î_ /ɨ/
Cî_ C/ɨ/
_ui /ɨ/
Cui C/ɨ/
iVC íot /i̯o/C
iV ío /i̯o/
hVC /ɳ/ VC
hV /ɳ/V
kVC /k/VC
kV /k/V
dVC /t/VC
dV /t/V
vVC úVC /u̯/VC
vV úV /u̯/V
fVC /f/VC
fV /f/V
zVC /s̪/VC
zV /s̪/V
sVC /s/VC
sV /s/V
çVC /t͡ʂ/VC
çV /t͡ʂ/V
bVC /b/VC
bV /b/V
nVC /n/VC
nV /n/V
mVC /m/VC
mV /m/V
CVC equals _CVC_
CVCa equals CVC/ɐ/
CVCe *CVC/ɰ/ equals CVC
CVCCae equals CVCC/ɐ/
CVCCe *CVCC/ɰ/ equals **CVCC **approved.
CCCC CVCCVC equals CVC'CVC
lCCC /ɥ/CCC equals /ɥ/C'CC ***/ɥ/VC'CVC ***unapproved.
CClC CC/ɥ/C equals CC'/ɥ/C ***CVC'/ɥ/VC ***unapproved.
lClC /ɥ/C/ɥ/C equals /ɥ/C'/ɥ/C ***/ɥ/VC'/ɥ/VC ***unapproved.
CVCCVC equals CVC'CVC.
{{trans-bottom|}}


    3. on graphs is under documenting...
    4. on syntax is under documenting...


{| !! se e̯ä ɐ e ei̯ i̯e äu̯ ii̯ i̯y o ou̯ u̯o u̯e i̯o uu̯ øi̯/  , ɡ allohones.llohoes. /bt, ʔ/  lid combiationels sy side  si, somee: œʏ̯/ ch morphemjet moverb.  uit or lt, shiermins wh Glossing abbreviations, 1 first person. 2 second person. 3 third person. .acc accusative. a adjective. adn adnoun. adv adverbial. caus causative verb. .com comitative. dat dative, self causative. dem demonstrative, relative, interrogative. .dim diminutive. .inst instrumental, condition. .neg negative. n noun. lat lative. .loc locative. obj objective, any complement of verb where a motion towards. pt particle. ste stem. s subject, any complement of verb where a motion originates, possessive. agent agentive noun of transitive verb. ss same subject. v verb. .vi intransitive verb. .vt transitive verb. .t theme, vocative, topic. .vol volitive. Features: CV(C). (C)V(C) if it is a morpheme. hypothised features: A let. Words written in a letter are verbs. Written in two, prowords. Written in three if it ends in 'n' etc, words of two letter + a morpheme. Written in three letters, any other, mostly nouns. Written in four, second may be a douplication of the first syllable, onomatopeias.
↳[[Eighth_edition_lekma/Smallset|Small set]]
|}
__noeditsection__
{{trans-top|(Here is under construction.)}}
Words.
 
e (/e/) monotransitive verb
t (/t/) allograph of d, whether d or t is depend on words. selftransitive verb. used for lexical reasons.
z (/s̪/) towards it
u (/y/) to there
i (/i/) object of verb
í (/i̯/) object
o (/o/) also
a (/ä/) noun of verb
s (/s/) subject of verb
d (/t/) out of it
f (/f/) starting from
h (/ɳ/) done by it (unlimited to perfective)
k (/k/) close (also end close)
l (/ɰ/) (free space) words end in l is prohibited.
l (/ɥ/) (space)
ç (/t͡ʂ/) (free space)
v (/u/) (free space)
ú (/u̯/) (space)
b (/b/) (free space)
n (/n/) near to it
m (/m/) with it lot oneth
iot /i̯ot/ every third zeros, for exsample do. is a number x 1,000,000,000,000.
hot unphonemical. second
kot unphonemical. third
dot unphonemical. fourth
tet a number x ten.
vot unphonemical. fifth
fot unphonemical. sixth
zot unphonemical. seventh
sot unphonemical. eigth
çot unphonemical. nineth
bot unphonemical. tenth
not unphonemical. eleventh
mot unphonemical. twelveth
. stop.
t.t a point situates after 0. before a 0.0.
' word separator.
, half stop.
/ full stop.
// full stop.
unphonemical that the word lacks phonemic value at the beginning. it is without phonemics dedicated to Ekma lemma, is loanword.
xán /χäi̯n/ Nothing. Unspecified.
rán /ʀäi̯n/ Nothing. Unwritten.
´ It prolongs the attached phoneme regardless of category. It indicates intonation. Musically high at every beginning of a phrase, rest of the phrase lose original accent.
_ It is " " actually. It takes spaces between words.
_? A phrase end in ´.
_! Loudness.
ê /äu̯/ Phonemically same to eu. 2. /o/ allograph is to o.
eu /äu̯/ It is eú alternatively, ev´ in theory.
ú v´ in theory.
to allograph is toc this, these
sa allograph is sac that kind of
na allograph is nac I, we
le allograph is lei they
vi allograph is vie what like
va allograph is vae like what
teí empty of
ird earth
daz allograph is att head of relative clause
fsd carrier
kvs house
lvo mankind
mon humanoid
{{trans-bottom|}}
 
{|  x * * It may be absent.    h - ong x .  56789, 10, 11, 12. ae kln xls tve cam fír on lís süf bat nuin zek élf tvölf.  abbreviations, (such as gender in a language where the word does not show it  of canonical transit ACC caseADVadverb(ial),  caseAPPappositionATTRattributiveCOM caseCBconverbDAT selc, case durat aspect, continuous aspectFINfinte FOCfocusINS, R, NTRintransitive LAT case LOC , POSS markerREL(izer)SBJ, SUBSTEM TOPTR, TRANtansitive verb,  caseV, VB or vebalVIre , intransitVT, VOL : S-Topic. very single word is a , right branching of a clause, left eement modifies that in rigt. djectifie is a . ouns ith enclitics or VO phrases, are indicative moods.  Word formation: (+coerb) noun (+ier) (+demonstrative) (+enclitic) (+verb) noun (+enclitic) (+adjectifier). V)
|}
 
{|  Made text Sampling ɐi̯t to call,|}
{|  of it is what|}
{|  neaka fî Sèdnan.|}
 
{|  of this is what|}
{|  Famsendocleâ.|}
 
{|  fam sendoc lehhar|}
 
{|  Naciórneûrs a Lekma Neîdoc.|}
 
{|  of who does wat|}
{|  kainimdaues doc.|}
|}
 
 
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Latest revision as of 14:21, 2 June 2024


↳Small set

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