Eighth edition lekma: Difference between revisions

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    0. Outline. Foreword. Concerning the conlang to document which is amusement in the way after spent much of time still somewhere need to precise, is that of 0th to 9th editions are, having few individual uses in practice, are unstable that they are hardly be documented save for 8th edition. Index 0. outline. 1. on phonemes. 2. on graphemes. 3. graphs. 4. syntax.
    Ekma is a constructed language designed to low probability of grammatical errors. Autonym is lekmaeneu /ˈʔekmɐnäu̯/, also spelt ekma/ekm, word itself means verbal expression of the written laguage. It was seen to a laguage of another world, parallel to this world. This was known through tracing the writing system, that actually is a collection of about a thousand of invariable words.
    It basically preferred SV, CV, AN, VOS, CVC syllable construction, that are Subject-intransitive/self causative verb alignment where V is also adnoun identical with the predication, Complement/condition-main verb alignment, Adjective-noun alignment, Transitive verb-object-subjective theme alignment where VO is also adnoun identical with the predication, Any single consonant out of /*ʔ *ɥ *k *d *ŋ *f *t͡s *ɕ *ʂ *b *n *m/-a vowel out of /*ä *ɐ̯ä *äɐ̯ *äu̯ *ɐ *e *u̯e *ei̯ *ii̯ *i̯u *o *u̯o *ou̯ *i̯o *oi̯ *uu̯ *u̯i/-a consonant out of /*ʔ *ɥ *k *d *ŋ *f *t͡s *ɕ *ʂ *b *n *m/. Attached * means a hypothetical construction. /*øi̯/ had been merged with /*oi̯/ at this stage. Each word has an either type, noun or adjective or adverb or verb. Same category shares their minimal length of time, nouns are long, adjectives are semi long, adverbs are semi short, verbs are short.
    1. Descriptions on phonemes. Most heard dialectal of fourty percent of the Ekma users was from lvó kvtáçu /ˈʔu̯o kuˈtäi̯ʂi̯u/, the autonym is luó Kutaruchu, which means the people of Kutaruchu. CVC shifts to /ɰ jʷ x t ɳ ʋ s̪ s t͡ʂ b n m/-/ä e̯ä äi̯ ʌu̯ ɐ e ø eː i y o u̯o oː i̯o u̯ei̯ u ɨ/-/*ʔ invalid. *ɥ invalid. x t ɳ ʋ s̪ s t͡ʂ b n m/. Mixing the two or more dialectals seems to be approved.
    {{trans-top|2. Graphemes.}}
X is a letter. C is a consonant letter. V is a vowel letter.
'XXX' is if a XXX base word. 'XX' is if a XX base word which is contracted of XXX base word, the second letter of corresponding XXX is omitted.
_XXX_ is equal to 'XXX'. if it is a CCC, the second letter has their vowel value. _ or a space, means a space.  ' means a word boundary.
_a_ /ä/
Ca_ /ä/
_aa /ä/
Caa C/ä/
Cá_ C/ä/
Cáe C/ä/
_à_ /e̯ä/
_àe /e̯ä/
Cà_ C/e̯ä/
Càe C/e̯ä/
_ea /e̯ä/
Cea C/e̯ä/
_ä_ /äi̯/
_äe /äi̯/
_á_ /äi̯/
_áe /äi̯/
Caí C/äi̯/
Cä_ C/äi̯/
Cäe C/äi̯/
_ê_ /äu̯/
_êe /äu̯/
Cê_ C/äu̯/
Cêe C/äu̯/
_eu /äu̯/
Ceu C/äu̯/
_ae /ɐ/
Cae C/ɐ/
_e_ /e/
_ee /e/
Ce C/e/
Cee C/e/
_è_ /u̯e/
_èe /u̯e/
Cè_ C/u̯e/
Cèe C/u̯e/
_é_ /ei̯/
_ée /ei̯/
Cé_ C/ei̯/
Cée C/ei̯/
_i_ /i/
_ie /i/
Ci_ C/i/
Cie C/i/
_u_ /y/
Cu_ C/y/
_o_ /o/
Co_ C/o/
Coe C/o/
_ò_ /u̯o/
_òe /u̯o/
Cò_ /u̯o/
Còe /u̯o/
_ó_ /ou̯/
_óe /ou̯/
Có_ C/ou̯/
_oí /øi̯/
Coí C/øi̯/
_v_ /u/
_ve /u/
Cv_ C/u/
Cve C/u/ _î_ /ɨ/
Cî_ C/ɨ/
_ui /ɨ/
Cui C/ɨ/
iVC íot /i̯o/C
iV ío /i̯o/
Vh V/ɳ/
Vk V/k/
Vd V/t/
Vf V/f/
Vz V/s̪/
Vs V/s/
Vç V/t͡ʂ/
Vb V/b/
Vn V/n/
Vm V/m/
hVC /ɳ/ VC
hV /ɳ/V
kVC /k/VC
kV /k/V
dVC /t/VC
dV /t/V
vVC úVC /u̯/VC
vV úV /u̯/V
fVC /f/VC
fV /f/V
zVC /s̪/VC
zV /s̪/V
sVC /s/VC
sV /s/V
çVC /t͡ʂ/VC
çV /t͡ʂ/V
bVC /b/VC
bV /b/V
nVC /n/VC
nV /n/V
mVC /m/VC
mV /m/V
CVC equals _CVC_
CVCa equals CVC/ɐ/
CVCe_ *CVC/ɰ/ equals CVC
CVCCae equals CVCC/ɐ/
CVCCe_ *CVCC/ɰ/ equals **CVCC **approved.
_CC_ equals CVC
CCCC CVCCVC equals CVC'CVC
lCCC /ɥ/CCC equals /ɥ/C'CC ***/ɥ/VC'CVC ***graphically unapproved.
CClC CC/ɥ/C equals CC'/ɥ/C ***CVC'/ɥ/VC
lClC /ɥ/C/ɥ/C equals /ɥ/C'/ɥ/C ***/ɥ/VC'/ɥ/VC
CVCCVC equals CVC'CVC.
_CCC_ equals 'C'C'C'/'CCC'. ****acronym.
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    {{trans-top|(3. on graphs is under documentation...)}}
3. on graphs is under documentation...
Words.


e /e/ monotransitive verb. _e_ also.
↳[[Eighth_edition_lekma/Smallset|Small set]]
t /t/ allograph of d, whether d or t is depend on words. selftransitive verb. used for lexical reasons.
__noeditsection__
z /s̪/ towards it
u /y/ to there
i /i/ object of verb
í /i̯/ object
o /o/ if _o_ also.
a /ä/ verb has a noun.
s /s/ verb has a subject.
d /t/ out of it. if at CdC it is /øi̯/.
f /f/ starting from. ornamental.
h /ɳ/ done by it (unlimited to perfective)
k /k/ enclosure begins/ends a close. if at CkC it is /äu̯/.
l /ɰ/ (free space) if it is r, it presents between vowels which lose phonemic value in other situations. words end in r is prohibited.
l /ɥ/ (space) lvó mankind. if at ClC it is /äi̯/.  Vl is equal Ví V/i̯/ words end in l is prohibited.
ç /t͡ʂ/ (free space)
v /u/ (free space)
ú /u̯/ (space)
b /b/ (free space)
n /n/ verb has a directional. is near to.
m /m/ with it
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    {{trans-top|(4. on syntax is under documentation...)}}
4. on syntax is under documentation...
 
sa allograph is sac that kind of
na allograph is nac I, we
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{{trans-top|(Materials to be documented hereafter.)}}
iot /i̯ot/ every third zeros, for exsample do. is a number x 1,000,000,000,000.
tet unphonemical. a zero. a number x ten.
lot unphonemical. oneth
vot unphonemical. second
kot unphonemical. third
dot unphonemical. fourth
hot unphonemical. fifth
fot unphonemical. sixth
zot unphonemical. seventh
sot unphonemical. eigth
çot unphonemical. nineth
bot unphonemical. tenth
not unphonemical. eleventh
mot unphonemical. twelveth
. stop.
t.t a point situates after 0. before a 0.0.
' word boundary noticer yet words are unseparable.
, half stop.
/ full stop.
// full stop.
unphonemical that the word lacks phonemic value at the beginning. it is without phonemics dedicated to Ekma lemma, is loanword.
xán /χäi̯n/ Nothing. Unspecified.
rán /ʀäi̯n/ Nothing. Unwritten.
´ It prolongs the attached phoneme regardless of category. It indicates intonation. Musically high at every beginning of a phrase, rest of the phrase lose original accent. Musically low at every endining of a phrase, loudness is another thing.
_ It is " " actually. It takes spaces between words. It means there must be space or beginning/endining of the line. every two spaces is contracted to a space.
_? A phrase end in ´.
_! Loudness.
ê /äu̯/ Phonemically same to eu. 2. /o/ allograph is to o.
eu /äu̯/ It is eú alternatively, ev´ in theory.
ú v´ in theory.
to allograph is toc this, these
le allograph is lei they
vi allograph is vie what like
va allograph is vae like what
teí empty of
ird earth
daz allograph is att head of relative clause
fsd carrier
kvs house
mon humanoid
se e̯ä ɐ e ei̯ i̯e äu̯ ii̯ i̯y o ou̯ u̯o u̯e i̯o uu̯ øi̯/  lisation of the phoneme approved allophonemes. ɰ, r/l before any vowel/zero consonant/e at wo/a after an a,  äɐ̯, á/ä, äɐ̯ äː äi̯, äi̯. äou̯, ó,. ɥ, l written before any consonant letter, ɥ̥ jʷ ɥ, ɥ. ŋ, h, ŋ̥ ŋ ɳ, ɳ. k, k, x q k, k. d, d/t, d̥ t d, t. f, f, ʋ f, f. t͡s,, m, m̥ m, m. Descriptions on writings are about graphemes., ɡ allohones.llohoes. /bt, ʔ/  lid combiationels sy side  si, somee: œʏ̯/ ch morphemjet moverb.  uit or lt, shiermins wh Glossing abbreviations, 1 first person. 2 second person. 3 third person. .acc accusative. a adjective. adn adnoun. adv adverbial. caus causative verb. .com comitative. dat dative, self causative. dem demonstrative, relative, interrogative. .dim diminutive. .inst instrumental, condition. .neg negative. n noun. lat lative. .loc locative. obj objective, any complement of verb where a motion towards. pt particle. ste stem. s subject, any complement of verb where a motion originates, possessive. agent agentive noun of transitive verb. ss same subject. v verb. .vi intransitive verb. .vt transitive verb. .t theme, vocative, topic. .vol volitive. Features: CV(C). (C)V(C) if it is a morpheme. hypothised features: A let. Words written in a letter are verbs. Written in two, prowords. Written in three if it ends in 'n' etc, words of two letter + a morpheme. Written in three letters, any other, mostly nouns. Written in four, second may be a douplication of the first syllable, onomatopeias.
x * * It may be absent.    h - ong x .  5678, 10, 11, 12. ae kln xls tve cam fír on lís süf bat nuin zek élf tvölf.  abbreviations, (such as gender in a language where the word does not show it  of canonical transit ACC caseADVadverb(ial),  caseAPPappositionATTRattributiveCOM caseCBconverbDAT selc, case durat aspect, continuous aspectFINfinte FOCfocusINS, R, NTRintransitive LAT case LOC , POSS markerREL(izer)SBJ, SUBSTEM TOPTR, TRANtansitive verb,  caseV, VB or vebalVIre , intransitVT, VOL : S-Topic. very single word is a , right branching of a clause, left eement modifies that in rigt. djectifie is a . ouns ith enclitics or VO phrases, are indicative moods.  Word formation: (+coerb) noun (+ier) (+demonstrative) (+enclitic) (+verb) noun (+enclitic) (+adjectifier). V)
  Made text Sampling ɐi̯t to call,
  of it is what
  neaka fî Sèdnan.
 
  of this is what
  Famsendocleâ.
 
  fam sendoc lehhar
 
  Naciórneûrs a Lekma Neîdoc.
 
  of who does wat
  kainimdaues doc.
f /*ʔ *ɥ *ŋ *k *d *f *t͡s *ɕ *ʂ *b *n *m/-a vowel out of /*ä *ɐ̯ä *äɐ̯ *äu̯ *ɐ *e *u̯e *ei̯ *ii̯ *i̯u *o *u̯o *ou̯ *i̯o *oi̯ *uu̯ *u̯i/-a consonant out of /*ʔ *ɥ *ŋ *k *d *f *t͡s *ɕ *ʂ *b *n *m/. Which attached * means a hypothetical construction. Each word has an either type, noun or adjective or adverb or verb. Same category shares their minimal length of time, nouns are long, adjectives are semi long, adverbs are semi short, verbs are short.
    1. Descriptions on phonemes. Listed firstly is phoneme - secondly reasonous grapheme - finaly usual realisation of the phoneme, approved other phonemes are afterwards. ɰ - r* - ɰ ɦ ʔ. ä - a - ä ɐ. ɐ̯ä - à - e̯ä ɐ̯ä. äɐ̯ - ä - äi̯ äɐ̯ äː. äu̯ - ê - äu̯ ɐu̯ ʌu̯. ɐ - â - ɐ devoiced ɐ. e - e - e ɪ ɐ. u̯e - è - u̯e ø. ei̯ - é - ei̯ e ɛ eː. ii̯ - i - i ii̯ iː. i̯u - u - y i̯u i̯y. o - o - o ʊ. u̯o - ò - u̯o u̯ʌ. ou̯ - ó - ou̯ o ɔ oː. i̯o - io - i̯o. oi̯ - ö - øi̯* u̯ei̯ u̯eʏ̯ øʏ̯ oi̯. uu̯ - v - u uu̯ uː. u̯i - î - ɨ ɯ u̯i. ɥ - l - ɥ ɥ̥ jʷː. ŋ - h - ɳː ŋ̥ ŋ. k - k - kː x q. d - d - tː d̥ d. f - f - fː ʋ. t͡s - z - s̪ː t͡s z. ɕ - sː - s ɬ ɕ. ʂ - ç - t͡ʂ ʂ. b - b - b b̥. n - n - nː n̥ ɲ. m - m - mː m̥ mʲ. /*øi̯/ had merged with /*oi̯/. r* or zero consonant, most of r* is unwritten, the rest is replaced with l for the lexical reasons.
'XXX' is a XXX base word. 'XX' is a XX base word which is contracted 'XXX', the second letter of corresponding XXX is omitted.
_XXX_ is if a CCC, the second letter is their vowel value, certain letter has that feature. _* or a space, it means there is always a space, also means a '*.  '* or a word boundary, might be invisible from the contexts yet they are deductible.
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Latest revision as of 14:21, 2 June 2024


↳Small set

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