Verse:Hmøøh/USB: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox country
|image =  
|conventional_long_name=United States of Bjeheond
|imagesize =  
|native_name={{native name|Windermere|Implüeng Pa'ăncem Biechănd}}<br/>{{native name|Netagin|Hylimůl Čibbenie Tacrůt}}
|name = Tizian
|common_name={{SUBPAGENAME}}
|nativename = ''tízimso''
|image_flag=
|pronunciation= /ˈtʰizimso/
|alt_flag=
|region = Talsem
|image_flag2=
|extinct = 220 v.T.
|alt_flag2=
|familycolor=#e8ff00
|national_motto=
|fam1= [[Zachydic languages|Zachydic]]
|englishmotto=
|fam2= [[Raxo-Talsmic languages|Raxo-Talsmic]]
|currency=
|fam3= [[Talsmic languages|Talsmic]]
|national_anthem=
|script=Themsaran script
|image_map=
|iso3=qti
|loctext=
|notice=IPA
|capital=Tălie Șinach
|largest_city=
|official_languages=Nurian, Netagin, Windermere
|religion=
|demonym=Bjeheondian
|government_type=Federal representative democracy
|leader_title1=President
|leader_name1=Săbur Luay (female)
|legislature=
|population_estimate=
|population_estimate_year=
|Gini=
|Gini_year=
|HDI=
|HDI_year=
|anthem=Chnur Păchnay Sămtsay
}}
}}
The '''United States of Bjeheond''' (Windermere: ''Implüeng Pa'ăncem Biechănd''), abbreviated '''USB''' or '''Bjeheond''', are the larger of the two [[Verse:Tricin/Bjeheond|Bjeheondian]] countries.


{{ClassMeter
States (in no particular order): Srăchiem Tsărir, Srăchiem, Pădoat Meach, Pădoat Tsăpreng, Săfărchal, Midleș, Rac Flang, Tray Ław, Dăfngathney, Ănber Mălem (Anbir Sjeoreong), Artabe, Tłuch Și, Măhar, Gütsan, Cestong, Yăhas
|Name      = Tizian
|NativeName = tízimso
|Type      = Fusional
|Alignment  = Split-ergative


|adjective = first
Place names: Săde Bocear, Ăngmeay Trüel, Łep Coar
|adposition = first
|adverb= mixed
|article= first
|relativeclause = first
|nounclause = first
|order = V2


|Tonal      = No
City names: Tăboan, Bălang, Rǎ'ac Thea, Yocneam, Tsăloch, Cătiel, Srol Măneap, Ăchir Hașneth, Ercudrads, Pa'ăchoth Tsăfi, Ercwisngwal, Ercułed, Ercuprec...
|Genders    = No
|Declined  = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Case  = no
|Number = Yes
|Definiteness = Yes
|Gender = No
|Voice  = Yes
|Mood  = Yes
|Person = Yes
|Number = Yes
|Tense  = Yes
|Aspect = Yes
|}}


'''Tizian''' (''amysso tízimso'' /ˈʔamʉsso ˈtʰizimso/)
Flag and coat of arms should depict the Twin Foxes


Inspirations: Welsh, Sanskrit, Burmese
== History ==
==Phonology==
The Dwābis3ōlam civilization left statues and megalithic temples (as well as some written records) near the Gwnax-speaking area in Northwestern Bjeheond. Their writing system and their language [[Gwnax]] still survive to the present day.


===Consonants===
==Todo==
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
number of speakers: roughly Nurian - 80%, Windermere - 15%, Netagin - 30%
! colspan="9"|Tizian consonants
|-
! colspan="2" |
!  |Labial
!  |Coronal
!  |Lateral
!  |Velar
!  |Radical
!  |Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
| m m̥
| n n̥
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |Plosive
! |<small>voiceless</small>
| p
| t
|
| k
| ʡ
| (ʔ)
|-
! |<small>voiced</small>
| b
| d
|
| g
|
|
|-
! |<small>voiceless aspirated</small>
| pʰ
| tʰ
|
| kʰ
| ʡʰ
|
|-
! |<small>voiced aspirated</small>
| bʱ
| dʱ
|
| gʱ
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" style="" |Fricative/Affricate
! |<small>voiceless</small>
| f
| θ s
| ɬ
| x
| ħ
| h
|-
! |<small>voiced</small>
| v
| ð z
|
| ɣ
| ʕ
| (ɦ)
|-
! |<small>voiceless aspirated</small>
| pfʰ
| tθʰ sʰ
| tɬ dɮ
| kxʰ
|
|
|-
! |<small>voiced aspirated</small>
| bvʱ
| dðʱ zʱ
| tɬʰ dɮʱ
| gɣʱ
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
| w ʍ
|
| l
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Trill
|
| r r̥
|
|
|
|
|}


Word-finally consonant aspiration is realized as aspirated or released consonants. Medial voiced aspirated consonants are prenasalized.
Anbirese community in Anbir Sjeoreong and Artabe
 
Some rather archaic dialects realize the radical consonants as /ʡ ʡʰ ʕ ħ/ /q qʰ χ qχʰ/.
 
===Consonant gradation===
Tizian employs grammatical consonant gradation, diachronically from tonal distinctions (namely alternation between unaspirated (commonly called "viscous") and aspirated ("dilute") consonants, of which the latter is marked with an acute accent (historical high tone), after the affected consonant) in nouns, adjectives and verbs. This gives Tizian a theoretical inventory of 50-odd consonants, exceeding Proto-Zachydic in its complexity.
 
{| class="greentable lightgreenbg " style="width: 1000px; text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan="28"|Consonant gradation
|-
!Grapheme
!''m''!!''p''!!''b''!!''f''!!''w''!!''v''!!''n''!!''t''!!''d''!!''th''!!''ð''!!''s''!!''z''!!''r''!!''l''!!''xł''!!''λ''!!''ŧ''!!''š''!!''ž''!!''c''!!''g''!!''ch''!!''gh''!!''q''!!''ħ''!!Ø, ''h''
|-
!"Viscous"
| /m/ || /p/ || /b/ || /f/ || /w/ || /v/ || /n/ || /t/ || /d/ || /θ/  || /ð/ || /s/ || /z/ || /r/ || /l/ || /tɬ/ || /dɮ/ ||/tʃ/ || /ʃ/ || /ʒ/ || /k/ || /g/ ||  /x/ || /ɣ/  || /ʡ/ || /ʕ/ || Ø
|-
!"Dilute"
| /m̥/ || /pʰ/|| /bʱ/||/pfʰ/|| /ʍ/|| /bvʱ/|| /n̥/ || /tʰ/|| /dʱ/||/tθʰ/ ||/dðʱ/|| /sʰ/|| /zʱ/|| /r̥/ || /ɬ/ || /tɬʰ/||/dɮʱ/
|colspan="2"|/tʃʰ/
|/dʒʱ/|| /kʰ/|| /gʱ/|| /kxʰ/|| /gɣʱ/|| /ʡʰ/|| /ħ/ || /h/
|}
 
''xł'' and ''λ'' come from loanwords (especially Raxicisms).
 
===Vowels===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; "|
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Front
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>plain</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>rhotacized</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>plain</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>rhotacized</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>plain</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>rhotacized</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''i''' /i/
| '''ii''' /i˞/
| '''u''' /ʉ/
| '''uu''' /ʉ˞/
| '''w''' /u/
| '''ww''' /u˞/
|-
! style="" |Mid
| '''e''' /e̞/
| '''ee''' /e̞˞/
| '''y''' /ə/
| '''yy''' /ɚ/
| '''o''' /o̞/
| '''oo''' /o̞˞/
|-
! style="" |Open
|
|
| '''a''' /a/
|
|
|
|}
 
==Nouns==
:''Main article: [[Tizian/Declension patterns]]
Four numbers are used in Tizian: generic, partitive, singulative and plurative. The generic number refers to an unspecified member or members of a set or to the whole set. The partitive number is used with quantifiers and also with the meaning "some X". Singulative and plurative respectively denote one and multiple specific items.
 
{| class="greentable lightgreenbg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="17"| '''Declension'''
|-
!scope="row"|Number→
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Generic
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Partitive
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singulative
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plurative
|-
!scope="row"|Indefinite
|colspan="2" rowspan="2"|-Ø
|colspan="2" rowspan="2"|''-ch''
|colspan="2"|''-s''
|colspan="2"|''-syr''
|-
!scope="row"|Definite
|colspan="2"|''-so''
|colspan="2"|''-sno''
|-
!scope="row"|1sg
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row"|2sg
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row"|3sg.animate
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row"|3sg.inanimate
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row"|1ex
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row"|1in
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row"|2pl
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row"|3pl.animate
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row"|3pl.inanimate
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row"|Impersonal
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row"|Relative
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|}
 
===Possession===
Possession is marked on the possessum with a possessive suffix ({{sc|possessum-suffix possessor}}) if and only if said possessum is definite.
 
Aspiration may be lost or gained in conjunct state: byrs /bʉrs/ "a cloud" > býrs /bʱʉrs/ "a cloud of..."
 
==Pronouns==
The first person singular can be used as an impersonal pronoun.
 
Besides their respective literal meanings, in contexts with unclear clusivity ''cho'' has a more "objective" connotation and ''wến'' a more intimate/"rhetorical" one.
 
*1sgv: nó
*2sgv: í
*3sgv.an: ðe
*3sgv.inan: ŧé
*1plv.ex: cho
*1plv.in: wéen
*2plv: sló
*3plv.an: ðu
*3plv.inan: ŧú
*3gen: ða
*3part: ti
*Impersonal: is
 
==Verbs==
Verbs display consonant gradation based on tense and subject agreement. The predesinential consonant is unvoiced resonant/aspirated plosive in the present, and changing this to voiced resonant/unaspirated plosive in the jussive or past tense: (''arlí'' /ar̥ɬi/: "I set up, prepare (transitive)"; ''arli'' /arli/: "that I may prepare")
 
Generic nouns take singular agreement if referring to an inanimate, and plural if animate.
 
==Split ergativity==
The ergative particle ''le'' is used before an ergative noun phrase. The default alignment is ergative, with 1st and 2nd person arguments inducing nominative/accusative alignment on both nouns and verbs; only 1st and 2nd person patients can be passivized, and only 3rd person agents can be antipassivized.
 
==Syntax==
===Word order===
Tizian is a mostly V2 language, i.e. in independent clauses the word order is most commonly SVO, but in dependent clauses will change to VSO. It will not be difficult to analyze Tizian as a topic prominent language in which the basic VSO word order changes to front the topic in independent clauses.
 
===Copulas===
The copula ''im'' literally means "to be an element/subset of", thus it turns the predicate into the generic number.
 
Equivalence of one entity to another, on the other hand, is expressed with a different copula ''vók''.
 
===Relative clauses===
The relativizer ''r(i)-'' and/or the relative pronominal suffixes are used only for the case of restrictive relative clauses. In non-restrictive relative clauses 3rd person resumptive pronouns are used as in a full clause; in the same vein, predicate adjectives are used as non-restrictive adjectives.
===Conjunctions===
*''i'' (''e'' before ''i''): and
*''wadee'': again, also
*''vynt'': also, too
*''el'': or
*''nu'': xor
*''ach'': but
 
[[Category:Talsmic languages]][[Category:Zachydic languages]]

Latest revision as of 19:47, 25 January 2023

United States of Bjeheond
Implüeng Pa'ăncem Biechănd  (Windermere)
Hylimůl Čibbenie Tacrůt  (Netagin)
Anthem: Chnur Păchnay Sămtsay
CapitalTălie Șinach
Official languagesNurian, Netagin, Windermere
DemonymBjeheondian
GovernmentFederal representative democracy
• President
Săbur Luay (female)

The United States of Bjeheond (Windermere: Implüeng Pa'ăncem Biechănd), abbreviated USB or Bjeheond, are the larger of the two Bjeheondian countries.

States (in no particular order): Srăchiem Tsărir, Srăchiem, Pădoat Meach, Pădoat Tsăpreng, Săfărchal, Midleș, Rac Flang, Tray Ław, Dăfngathney, Ănber Mălem (Anbir Sjeoreong), Artabe, Tłuch Și, Măhar, Gütsan, Cestong, Yăhas

Place names: Săde Bocear, Ăngmeay Trüel, Łep Coar

City names: Tăboan, Bălang, Rǎ'ac Thea, Yocneam, Tsăloch, Cătiel, Srol Măneap, Ăchir Hașneth, Ercudrads, Pa'ăchoth Tsăfi, Ercwisngwal, Ercułed, Ercuprec...

Flag and coat of arms should depict the Twin Foxes

History

The Dwābis3ōlam civilization left statues and megalithic temples (as well as some written records) near the Gwnax-speaking area in Northwestern Bjeheond. Their writing system and their language Gwnax still survive to the present day.

Todo

number of speakers: roughly Nurian - 80%, Windermere - 15%, Netagin - 30%

Anbirese community in Anbir Sjeoreong and Artabe

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