Verse:Schngellstein/Bhadhagha/Old: Difference between revisions

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Old Padmanábha is a language of Irtan Buddhism, along with [[Camalanàbha]].
 
== Phonology ==
p ph b bh t th d dh c ch g gh mm m mh nn n ll l rr r f fh s sh h (mh only in Camalanàbha loans)
 
Old Bhadhaghanábha was notable for having the cross-linguistically very rare aspirated fricative /fʰ/.
 
all the literally read Irish vowels + eao which only occurs in CN loans. Unlike in Irish, Vi vowels and ao can occur in open syllables.


==Grammar==
==Grammar==
Marked nominative ''le''
Marked nominative ''le''


Possessive suffixes: ''-an, -adh, -sha, -aine, -aidhe, -amha''
Possessive suffixes: ''-an, -adh, -sha, -aine, -aidhe, -ama''


Verbs:
Verbs:
Line 10: Line 16:
* past: -ta, -tha, -sa + pres indep suffixes
* past: -ta, -tha, -sa + pres indep suffixes
* present dep ''-ar'' (sometimes related to PIE *-ōr)
* present dep ''-ar'' (sometimes related to PIE *-ōr)
* past dep ''-mhann''
* past dep ''-mann''


Gen+noun, adj+noun, noun+complementizer, construct state
Gen+noun, adj+noun, noun+complementizer, construct state


The relativizer is ''an''. The complementizer is ''ann'', with construct state form ''anna''.
The relativizer is ''an''. The complementizer is ''ann'', with construct state form ''anna''. ''Ann'' is used when the complement clause has the same subject as the main clause.


Old PN has no definite article unlike Modern PN.
Old PN has no definite article unlike Modern PN.
Line 20: Line 26:
In independent clauses with 3rd person subjects, Old Padmanábha is V2. In dependent clauses it's SOV.
In independent clauses with 3rd person subjects, Old Padmanábha is V2. In dependent clauses it's SOV.


''Dóish an athall-soirfhe teola'' =  The tree which knows everything (lit. the edge of the world)
''Dóish an athall-gha teola'' =  The tree which knows everything (lit. the edge of the world)


''Le Praimhín larbha séicthe reiste.'' - Praimhín's dog ate the bone.
''Le Praimhín larbha séicthe reiste.'' - Praimhín's dog ate the bone.


''Rinbhrainnean Praimhín larbha anna reiste séicmhann.'' - I believe Praimhín's dog ate the bone. (séicmhann = "gegessen hat" but no person inflection)
''Rinbhrainnean Praimhín larbha anna reiste séicmann.'' - I believe Praimhín's dog ate the bone. (séicmhann = "gegessen hat" but no person inflection)
 
''Fhas blaoighte annan lorsafhaodh séicmhann.'' - He said that I ate the salad.


''
''Fhas blaoighte annan lorsafhaodh séicmann.'' - He explained that I ate the salad.


''Rinbhrainnean ann/annan lorsafhaodh séicmann.'' - I believe that I ate the salad.
== Lexicon ==
<poem>
<poem>
animal: sraimh
animal: sraim
arm: teanf
arm: teanf
asafoetida: lorsa
asafoetida: lorsa
back: míolbh
back: míolbh
bark: cior
bark: cior
belly: táile
belly: tái
big: stéith
big: stéith
bird: chuar
bird: chuar
Line 43: Line 49:
breast: srofht
breast: srofht
brother: feadhan
brother: feadhan
child: stíotha, na stíotha
child: stíotha
dog: larbh
dog: larbh
ear: dígh
ear: dígh
east: néil
east: néil
egg:
egg: nosha
elbow: úraifh
elbow: úraifh
end: gleibh
end: gleibh
endless: gleibhúdh
endless: gleibhúdh
eye: féidhme
eye: éidhme
fat: suille
fat: suille
father: aithnidh
father: aithnidh
Line 57: Line 63:
feather: gcoít
feather: gcoít
fingernail: sciofhth
fingernail: sciofhth
fish: déimhe
fish: déimme
flower: leog
flower: leog
fly (insect): gofhd
fly (insect): gofhd
Line 63: Line 69:
forest: ríne
forest: ríne
frost: seoraí
frost: seoraí
fruit: thamha
fruit: thama
grass: rúiche
grass: rúiche
guts: dlinneach
guts: dlinneach
hair: núcha
hair: núcha
hand: flúin
hand: flúi
head: snith
head: snith
heart: luisce
heart: luisce
Line 81: Line 87:
leaf: aisc
leaf: aisc
leg: deocha
leg: deocha
liver: steóisce
liver: steói
long: maol
long: maol
louse: h-úmhdha
louse: h-úmdha
man: beathra
man: beathra
meat: ceith
meat: ceith
mother: eimhnidh
mother: eimnidh
mouth: iacha
mouth: iacha
narrow: cuacharta
narrow: cuacharta
Line 94: Line 100:
nose: gíne
nose: gíne
plough: charth (<- Proto-Semitic ḥrθ)
plough: charth (<- Proto-Semitic ḥrθ)
red: sím
red: símm
ride: roghbha
ride: roghbha
river: gangá (from Camalanàbha)
river: gangá (from Camalanàbha)
Line 101: Line 107:
seed: páilbh
seed: páilbh
shadow: lunasf
shadow: lunasf
short: tlámh
short: tlám
sister: saon
sister: saon
skin: geabh
skin: geabh
Line 108: Line 114:
snow: seor
snow: seor
soul: neafhsh (<- Proto-Semitic nps)
soul: neafhsh (<- Proto-Semitic nps)
south: teasham
south: teashamm
star: seall
star: seall
stick: cuath
stick: cuath
Line 117: Line 123:
to come: eiseoth
to come: eiseoth
to live: chaíofh (<- Proto-Semitic ḥyw); seir
to live: chaíofh (<- Proto-Semitic ḥyw); seir
to rise: gaomh (<- Proto-Semitic qwm)
to rise: gaom (<- Proto-Semitic qwm)
to sleep: huaileas
to sleep: huaileas
to smell: muir
to smell: muir
Line 125: Line 131:
tree: dóish
tree: dóish
west: spargh
west: spargh
wide: raoi
wide: rao
wife: sleith-fháishe
wife: sleith-fháishe
wind: sithfhe
wind: sithfhe
wing: cheamh
wing: cheam
with (preposition): ro
with (preposition): ro
woman: fháishe
woman: fháishe
Line 134: Line 140:
worm: gán
worm: gán


swan: lúibheamh
swan: lúibhean




Line 141: Line 147:
séic 'to eat'
séic 'to eat'
tumhadh 'to bite'
tumhadh 'to bite'
scéimh 'to suck'
scéim 'to suck'
fiara 'to spit, to eject'
fiara 'to spit, to eject'
fiara néitheasach 'to vomit'
fiara néitheasach 'to vomit'
fíosha 'to blow'
fíosha 'to blow'
stúimhe 'to breathe'
stúime 'to breathe'
sraoth 'to laugh'
sraoth 'to laugh'
bhfeirthe 'to see'
bhfeirthe 'to see'
Line 151: Line 157:
teola 'to know'
teola 'to know'
bhrainne 'to think'
bhrainne 'to think'
bhlaoigh 'to illuminate', > 'to speak'
bhlaoigh 'to illuminate, to explain'
</poem>
</poem>


==Etymologies==
==Etymologies==

Latest revision as of 00:10, 3 February 2022

Phonology

p ph b bh t th d dh c ch g gh mm m mh nn n ll l rr r f fh s sh h (mh only in Camalanàbha loans)

Old Bhadhaghanábha was notable for having the cross-linguistically very rare aspirated fricative /fʰ/.

all the literally read Irish vowels + eao which only occurs in CN loans. Unlike in Irish, Vi vowels and ao can occur in open syllables.

Grammar

Marked nominative le

Possessive suffixes: -an, -adh, -sha, -aine, -aidhe, -ama

Verbs:

  • present indep -an, -adh, -0, -aine, -aidhe, -ú
  • past: -ta, -tha, -sa + pres indep suffixes
  • present dep -ar (sometimes related to PIE *-ōr)
  • past dep -mann

Gen+noun, adj+noun, noun+complementizer, construct state

The relativizer is an. The complementizer is ann, with construct state form anna. Ann is used when the complement clause has the same subject as the main clause.

Old PN has no definite article unlike Modern PN.

In independent clauses with 3rd person subjects, Old Padmanábha is V2. In dependent clauses it's SOV.

Dóish an athall-gha teola = The tree which knows everything (lit. the edge of the world)

Le Praimhín larbha séicthe reiste. - Praimhín's dog ate the bone.

Rinbhrainnean Praimhín larbha anna reiste séicmann. - I believe Praimhín's dog ate the bone. (séicmhann = "gegessen hat" but no person inflection)

Fhas blaoighte annan lorsafhaodh séicmann. - He explained that I ate the salad.

Rinbhrainnean ann/annan lorsafhaodh séicmann. - I believe that I ate the salad.

Lexicon

animal: sraim
arm: teanf
asafoetida: lorsa
back: míolbh
bark: cior
belly: tái
big: stéith
bird: chuar
blood: shóbha
bone: reist
breast: srofht
brother: feadhan
child: stíotha
dog: larbh
ear: dígh
east: néil
egg: nosha
elbow: úraifh
end: gleibh
endless: gleibhúdh
eye: éidhme
fat: suille
father: aithnidh
fear: faoithe
feather: gcoít
fingernail: sciofhth
fish: déimme
flower: leog
fly (insect): gofhd
foot: reithe
forest: ríne
frost: seoraí
fruit: thama
grass: rúiche
guts: dlinneach
hair: núcha
hand: flúi
head: snith
heart: luisce
heat: paeth
horn: nairth
human: ládhan
husband: sleith-beathra
illness: mhúr
in (preposition): la
infinity: gleibhúcht
island: misheafh
knee: lionn
leaf: aisc
leg: deocha
liver: steói
long: maol
louse: h-úmdha
man: beathra
meat: ceith
mother: eimnidh
mouth: iacha
narrow: cuacharta
neck: laoiphe
night: ífh
north: uibhre
nose: gíne
plough: charth (<- Proto-Semitic ḥrθ)
red: símm
ride: roghbha
river: gangá (from Camalanàbha)
root: dhóife
rope: bhuaid
seed: páilbh
shadow: lunasf
short: tlám
sister: saon
skin: geabh
small: mionn (<- Latin minimus)
snake: fhaost
snow: seor
soul: neafhsh (<- Proto-Semitic nps)
south: teashamm
star: seall
stick: cuath
tail: haoi
thick: scúil
thin: h-áfhl
to (preposition): eis
to come: eiseoth
to live: chaíofh (<- Proto-Semitic ḥyw); seir
to rise: gaom (<- Proto-Semitic qwm)
to sleep: huaileas
to smell: muir
to stand: eobhan
tongue: dhúra
tooth: steang
tree: dóish
west: spargh
wide: rao
wife: sleith-fháishe
wind: sithfhe
wing: cheam
with (preposition): ro
woman: fháishe
word: aimhreas
worm: gán

swan: lúibhean



neábha 'to drink'
séic 'to eat'
tumhadh 'to bite'
scéim 'to suck'
fiara 'to spit, to eject'
fiara néitheasach 'to vomit'
fíosha 'to blow'
stúime 'to breathe'
sraoth 'to laugh'
bhfeirthe 'to see'
diodh 'to hear'
teola 'to know'
bhrainne 'to think'
bhlaoigh 'to illuminate, to explain'

Etymologies