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{{privatelang}} | |||
{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|image= Ravenish flag.png | |image= Ravenish flag.png | ||
|imagesize= 250px | |imagesize= 250px | ||
|name= Ravenish | |name= Old Ravenish | ||
|nativename=''þiudiskon'' | |nativename=''þiudiskon'' | ||
|pronunciation= θiu̯.ðiʃ. | |pronunciation= θiu̯.ðiʃ.kon | ||
|pronunciation_key = | |pronunciation_key = w:International Phonetic Alphabet chart | ||
|creator=[[User:Wfeozawra|wfosøra]] | |creator=[[User:Wfeozawra|wfosøra]] | ||
|fam1=Indo-European | |fam1=Indo-European | ||
|fam2=Germanic | |fam2=Germanic | ||
|fam3=Ravenish | |fam3=[[Proto-Ravenish]] | ||
| | |dia2=Formal | ||
| | |dia2=Standard | ||
|script1= | |dia3=Colloquial | ||
| | |script1= Latn | ||
|ancestor= [[Proto-Ravenish]] (Sparsely attested) | |||
|familycolor=indo-european | |||
|cws=MCORV | |||
|- | |- | ||
|notice=IPA | |notice=IPA | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Ravenish''' ([[w:endonym|autoglossonym]]: ''þiudiskon''; <small>Ravenish: | '''Ravenish''' ([[w:endonym|autoglossonym]]: ''þiudiskon''; [[Modern Ravenish]] ''aldon þiudiskon''; <small>Ravenish:</small>[[w:ipq chart|[θiu̯.ðiʃ.kon]]) is a [[w:Germanic language|Germanic language]], with strong influence from [[w:Finnish|Finnish]]. | ||
==Introduction== | |||
===Goals=== | |||
== | |||
Goals | |||
* Fun | * Fun | ||
* Learn more Germanic | * Learn more Germanic | ||
Setting | * Learn more Finnish | ||
===Setting=== | |||
* [[w:North Ostrobothnia|North Ostrobothnia]] | * [[w:North Ostrobothnia|North Ostrobothnia]] | ||
Inspiration | ===Inspiration=== | ||
* Finnish | * Finnish | ||
* Proto-Germanic | * Proto-Germanic | ||
* My love for old Germanic languages | * My love for old Germanic languages | ||
==Etymology== | |||
The language name derives from the same source as German [[wikt:Deutsch|Deutsch]], [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þiudiskaz|þiudiskaz]]. The English name is in reference to a cultural aspect of the people, their unusually large reverence for Ravens, they place an oddly high importance on Ravens even for a Germanic tribe. | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Orthography | |||
! IPA | |||
! colspan="2" | Letter | |||
|- | |||
! /ɑ, ɑː/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | a, aa || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /v/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | b || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /ʁ/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | g || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /ð/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | d || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /e, eː/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | e, ee || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /ɤ, ɤː/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | ë, ëë || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /kʷ/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | kw || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /z, ʒ/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | z || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /χ/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | h || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /θ/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | þ || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /i, iː/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | i, ii || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /y, yː/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | ï, ïï || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /k/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | k || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /l/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | l || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /l̥/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | hl || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /m/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | m || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /n/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | n || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /j/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | j || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /u, uː/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | u, uu || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /p/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | p || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /æ, æː/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | ä, ää || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /r/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | r || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /r̥/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | hr || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /s, ʃ/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | s || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /t/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | t || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /w/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | w || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /f/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | f || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /χʷ/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | hw || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /o, oː/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | o, oo || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
! /ø, øː/ | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | ö, öö || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
Consonants have remained relatively close to Proto-Germanic, except for the few stops that had fricative allophones, these shifted fully to fricatives, the opposite of all other Germanic langs, the Velar fricatives also shifted to Uvular. | Consonants have remained relatively close to Proto-Germanic, except for the few stops that had fricative allophones, these shifted fully to fricatives, the opposite of all other Germanic langs, the Velar fricatives also shifted to Uvular. | ||
Line 49: | Line 149: | ||
! colspan="2" | [[w:post-Alveolar consonant|post-<br/>alveolar]] | ! colspan="2" | [[w:post-Alveolar consonant|post-<br/>alveolar]] | ||
! colspan="2" | [[w:Palatal consonant|palatal]] | ! colspan="2" | [[w:Palatal consonant|palatal]] | ||
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]] | ! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]<br/>/[[w:Uvular consonant|Uvular]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | ! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | ||
Line 59: | Line 158: | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])¹, ŋʷ² | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])¹, ŋʷ² | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]] | ! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]] | ||
Line 68: | Line 166: | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]], kʷ || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]], kʷ || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]] | ! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]] | ||
Line 75: | Line 172: | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]], sʷ || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar sibilant|z]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]], sʷ || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar sibilant|z]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | ([[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]])³ || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]])⁴ | | style="border-right: 0;" | ([[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]])³ || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]])⁴ | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless uvular fricative|χ]], χʷ || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced uvular fricative|ʁ]], ʁʷ | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless uvular fricative|χ]], χʷ || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced uvular fricative|ʁ]], ʁʷ | ||
Line 85: | Line 181: | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 95: | Line 190: | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 101: | Line 195: | ||
# allophone of /n/ before /kʷ/ | # allophone of /n/ before /kʷ/ | ||
# allophone of /s/ before velars and at word ends | # allophone of /s/ before velars and at word ends | ||
# allophone of /z/ before velars and at word ends | # allophone of /z/ before velars and at word ends, in modern colloquial forms this has roticized to /r/ | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
Line 110: | Line 204: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="8" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]] | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="8" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="4" | [[w:unrounded vowel|unrounded]] | ||
! colspan="4" | [[w:rounded vowel|rounded]] | |||
! colspan="4" | [[w:unrounded vowel|unrounded]] | |||
! colspan="4" | [[w:rounded vowel|rounded]] | ! colspan="4" | [[w:rounded vowel|rounded]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 120: | Line 216: | ||
! colspan="2" | [[w:short vowel|short]] | ! colspan="2" | [[w:short vowel|short]] | ||
! colspan="2" | [[w:long vowel|long]] | ! colspan="2" | [[w:long vowel|long]] | ||
! colspan="2" | [[w:short vowel|short]] | ! colspan="2" | [[w:short vowel|short]] | ||
! colspan="2" | [[w:long vowel|long]] | ! colspan="2" | [[w:long vowel|long]] | ||
! colspan="2" | [[w:short vowel|short]] | ! colspan="2" | [[w:short vowel|short]] | ||
! colspan="2" | [[w:long vowel|long]] | ! colspan="2" | [[w:long vowel|long]] | ||
! colspan="2" | [[w:long vowel| | ! colspan="2" | [[w:short vowel|short]] | ||
! colspan="2" | [[w:long vowel|long]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
! [[w:Close vowel|Close]] | ! [[w:Close vowel|Close]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|iː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|iː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front rounded vowel|yː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front rounded vowel|yː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close back rounded vowel|uː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close back rounded vowel|uː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [[w:mid vowel|mid]] | ! [[w:mid vowel|mid]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|eː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|eː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front rounded vowel|ø]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front rounded vowel|ø]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front rounded vowel|øː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front rounded vowel|øː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid back unrounded vowel|ɤ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid back unrounded vowel|ɤː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|oː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|oː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
Line 149: | Line 246: | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|æ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|æ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|æː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|æː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑː]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Diphthongs==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
| | ! Diphthongs | ||
! Ending with {{IPA|/i/}} | |||
! Ending with {{IPA|/u/}} | |||
! Ending with {{IPA|/y/}} | |||
! Opening | |||
|- | |||
! Starting with {{IPA|/ɑ/}} | |||
| {{angbr|ai}} {{IPA|[ɑi̯]}} | |||
| {{angbr|au}} {{IPA|[ɑu̯]}} | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Starting with {{IPA|/æ/}} | |||
| {{angbr|äi}} {{IPA|[æi̯]}} | |||
| | |||
| {{angbr|äy}} {{IPA|[æy̯]}} | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Starting with {{IPA|/o/}} | |||
| {{angbr|oi}} {{IPA|[oi̯]}} | |||
| {{angbr|ou}} {{IPA|[ou̯]}} | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Starting with {{IPA|/e/}} | |||
| {{angbr|ei}} {{IPA|[ei̯]}} | |||
| {{angbr|eu}} {{IPA|[eu̯]}} | |||
| {{angbr|ey}} {{IPA|[ey̯]}} | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Starting with {{IPA|/ø/}} | |||
| {{angbr|öi}} {{IPA|[øi̯]}} | |||
| | |||
| {{angbr|öy}} {{IPA|[øy̯]}} | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Starting with {{IPA|/u/}} | ||
| {{angbr|ui}} {{IPA|[ui̯]}} | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| {{angbr|uo}} {{IPA|[uo̯]}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Starting with {{IPA|/i/}} | ||
| | | | ||
| | | {{angbr|iu}} {{IPA|[iu̯]}} | ||
| {{angbr|iy}} {{IPA|[iy̯]}} | |||
| {{angbr|ie}} {{IPA|[ie̯]}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Sound Changes from OR==== | |||
Overlong /ɑ/ to /æ/, overlong /e/ to /ɤ/ | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
Line 180: | Line 319: | ||
===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
<!-- | Take '''''ALL''''' forms with '<sup>?</sup>' with caution, the proto-Germanic form is unknown so this is me doing very, VERY basic comparisons to figure out a '''Possible''' form. | ||
===Pronouns=== | |||
{{template:þiudiskon PersPrn}} | |||
The form used in formal situations by natives and highly fluent speakers. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Standard/colloquial personal pronouns | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=3 | !! Nominative !! Accusative | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=3 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#first person|first<br>person]] !! colspan=2 | singular | |||
| {{term|ik}} || {{term|mik}} | |||
|- valign="top" | |||
! colspan=2 valign="middle" | dual | |||
| {{term|wit}} || {{term|unk}} | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 valign="middle" | plural | |||
| {{term|wiz}} || {{term|uns}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=3 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#second person|second<br>person]] !! colspan=2 | singular | |||
| {{term|þuu}} || {{term|þik}} | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | dual | |||
| {{term|jut}} || {{term|ïnkw}} | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | plural | |||
| {{term|juuz}} || {{term|izwiz}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=6 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#third person|third<br>person]] !! rowspan=3 | singular !! masculine | |||
| {{term|iz}} || {{term|ïnon}} | |||
|- | |||
! feminine | |||
| {{term|sii}} || {{term|ijon}} | |||
|- | |||
! neuter | |||
| {{term|it}} || {{term|it}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=3 | plural !! masculine | |||
| {{term|iiz}} || {{term|ïnz}} | |||
|- | |||
! feminine | |||
| {{term|ijaaz}} || {{term|ijaz}} | |||
|- | |||
! neuter | |||
| {{term|ijo}} || {{term|ijo}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=1 colspan=3 | reflexive | |||
| {{term|se}} || {{term|sik}} | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
Genitive is regularized to the suffix '-eräz'/'-ëraz', Dative is lost | |||
Nouns | ===Nouns=== | ||
Stems are named in accordance with their PG equivalent. | |||
====a stems==== | |||
====ō stems==== | |||
====ī/jō stems==== | |||
====i stems==== | |||
====u stems==== | |||
====an stems==== | |||
====ōn stems==== | |||
====īn stems==== | |||
====r stems==== | |||
====z stems==== | |||
====Root nouns and consonant stems==== | |||
===Verbs=== | |||
===Adjectives and Determiners=== | |||
===Adverbs=== | |||
===Numbers=== | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
===Constituent order=== | ===Constituent order=== | ||
The word order is mostly free, the base order is SOV,but this is subject to change when importance needs to be stressed on one word. | The word order is mostly free, the base order is SOV, but this is subject to change when importance needs to be stressed on one word. | ||
===Noun phrase=== | ===Noun phrase=== | ||
===Verb phrase=== | ===Verb phrase=== | ||
Line 203: | Line 403: | ||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
===Beowulf Sentence 1=== | |||
hwat! wiz | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |||
/ | ! Language !! Sentence 1 of Beowulf | ||
|- | |||
| English || Indeed (or 'Yes!')! We of the Spear-Danes, in days old, had our great kings who discovered the glory of what that man's courage could do. | |||
|- | |||
| Old English || Hƿæt! Ƿē Gār-Dena in geār‐dagum þēod‐cyninga þrym gefrūnon, hu ðā æðelingas ellen fremedon. | |||
|- | |||
| Ravenish<br/>(Formal) || hwat! wiz gaizdanjoon ïn järändägämäz þeïdöökïnïngöön þrumjaz gafrëëgun, hwo þo aþulungoz aljanan framidëëdun | |||
|- | |||
| Pronunciation<br/>(Formal) || {{IPA|/χʷɑt wiʒ ʁɑi̯z.ðɑn.joːn yn jæ.ræn.ðæ.ʁæ.mæʒ θey̯.ðøː.ky.nyn.ʁøːn θrum.jɑʒ ʁɑ.frɤː.ʁun χʷo θo ɑ.θu.lun.ʁɑːʒ ɑl.jɑ.nɑn frɑ.mi.ðɤː.ðun/}} | |||
|} | |||
==Other resources== | ==Other resources== | ||
* [[þiudiskon/Swadesh|Swadesh]] | |||
* [[þiudiskon/Phrasebook|Phrases]] | |||
* [[:Category:þiudiskon lemmas|lemmas]] | |||
[[Category: | [[Category:þiudiskon]] | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] |
Latest revision as of 02:07, 1 November 2024
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Old Ravenish | |
---|---|
þiudiskon | |
Pronunciation | [θiu̯.ðiʃ.kon] |
Created by | wfosøra |
Indo-European
| |
Early form | Proto-Ravenish (Sparsely attested)
|
ConWorkShop | MCORV |
Ravenish (autoglossonym: þiudiskon; Modern Ravenish aldon þiudiskon; Ravenish:[θiu̯.ðiʃ.kon) is a Germanic language, with strong influence from Finnish.
Introduction
Goals
- Fun
- Learn more Germanic
- Learn more Finnish
Setting
Inspiration
- Finnish
- Proto-Germanic
- My love for old Germanic languages
Etymology
The language name derives from the same source as German Deutsch, þiudiskaz. The English name is in reference to a cultural aspect of the people, their unusually large reverence for Ravens, they place an oddly high importance on Ravens even for a Germanic tribe.
Phonology
Orthography
IPA | Letter | |
---|---|---|
/ɑ, ɑː/ | a, aa | |
/v/ | b | |
/ʁ/ | g | |
/ð/ | d | |
/e, eː/ | e, ee | |
/ɤ, ɤː/ | ë, ëë | |
/kʷ/ | kw | |
/z, ʒ/ | z | |
/χ/ | h | |
/θ/ | þ | |
/i, iː/ | i, ii | |
/y, yː/ | ï, ïï | |
/k/ | k | |
/l/ | l | |
/l̥/ | hl | |
/m/ | m | |
/n/ | n | |
/j/ | j | |
/u, uː/ | u, uu | |
/p/ | p | |
/æ, æː/ | ä, ää | |
/r/ | r | |
/r̥/ | hr | |
/s, ʃ/ | s | |
/t/ | t | |
/w/ | w | |
/f/ | f | |
/χʷ/ | hw | |
/o, oː/ | o, oo | |
/ø, øː/ | ö, öö |
Consonants
Consonants have remained relatively close to Proto-Germanic, except for the few stops that had fricative allophones, these shifted fully to fricatives, the opposite of all other Germanic langs, the Velar fricatives also shifted to Uvular.
Labial | Dental | alveolar | post- alveolar |
palatal | Velar /Uvular | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | (ŋ)¹, ŋʷ² | |||||||||
Stop | p | t̪, t̪ʷ | k, kʷ | |||||||||
Fricative | f | v | θ | ð | s, sʷ | z | (ʃ)³ | (ʒ)⁴ | χ, χʷ | ʁ, ʁʷ | ||
Approximant | w | l̥ | l | j | ||||||||
Trill | r̥ | r |
- allophone of /n/ before /k/
- allophone of /n/ before /kʷ/
- allophone of /s/ before velars and at word ends
- allophone of /z/ before velars and at word ends, in modern colloquial forms this has roticized to /r/
Vowels
Vowels divert from PG more than the consonants, they've shifted closer to Finnish, also gaining harmony from Finnish.
Front | Back | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |||||||||||||
short | long | short | long | short | long | short | long | |||||||||
Close | i | iː | y | yː | u | uː | ||||||||||
mid | e | eː | ø | øː | ɤ | ɤː | o | oː | ||||||||
Open | æ | æː | ɑ | ɑː |
Diphthongs
Diphthongs | Ending with /i/ | Ending with /u/ | Ending with /y/ | Opening |
---|---|---|---|---|
Starting with /ɑ/ | ⟨ai⟩ [ɑi̯] | ⟨au⟩ [ɑu̯] | ||
Starting with /æ/ | ⟨äi⟩ [æi̯] | ⟨äy⟩ [æy̯] | ||
Starting with /o/ | ⟨oi⟩ [oi̯] | ⟨ou⟩ [ou̯] | ||
Starting with /e/ | ⟨ei⟩ [ei̯] | ⟨eu⟩ [eu̯] | ⟨ey⟩ [ey̯] | |
Starting with /ø/ | ⟨öi⟩ [øi̯] | ⟨öy⟩ [øy̯] | ||
Starting with /u/ | ⟨ui⟩ [ui̯] | ⟨uo⟩ [uo̯] | ||
Starting with /i/ | ⟨iu⟩ [iu̯] | ⟨iy⟩ [iy̯] | ⟨ie⟩ [ie̯] |
Sound Changes from OR
Overlong /ɑ/ to /æ/, overlong /e/ to /ɤ/
Prosody
Stress
Stress, like in PG, still lies solely on the first syllable unless prefixed, where stress moves with the root word.
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Take ALL forms with '?' with caution, the proto-Germanic form is unknown so this is me doing very, VERY basic comparisons to figure out a Possible form.
Pronouns
Nominative | Accusative | Genitive | Dative | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person |
singular | ik | mik | mïïnäz | miz | |
dual | wit | unk | unkëraz | unkiz | ||
plural | wiz | uns | unsëraz | unsiz | ||
second person |
singular | þuu | þik | þïïnäz | þiz | |
dual | jut | ïnkw | ïnkweräz | ïnkwiz | ||
plural | juuz | izwiz | izweräz | izwiz | ||
third person |
singular | masculine | iz | ïnön | es | ïmmäi |
feminine | sii | iijon | ezäz | ezöi | ||
neuter | it | it | es | ïmmäi | ||
plural | masculine | iiz | ïnz | ezöön | ïmäz | |
feminine | ijääz | ijaaz | ezöön | ïmäz | ||
neuter | ijo | ijo | ezöön | ïmäz | ||
reflexive | se | sik | sïïnäz | siz |
The form used in formal situations by natives and highly fluent speakers.
Nominative | Accusative | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
first person |
singular | ik | mik | |
dual | wit | unk | ||
plural | wiz | uns | ||
second person |
singular | þuu | þik | |
dual | jut | ïnkw | ||
plural | juuz | izwiz | ||
third person |
singular | masculine | iz | ïnon |
feminine | sii | ijon | ||
neuter | it | it | ||
plural | masculine | iiz | ïnz | |
feminine | ijaaz | ijaz | ||
neuter | ijo | ijo | ||
reflexive | se | sik |
Genitive is regularized to the suffix '-eräz'/'-ëraz', Dative is lost
Nouns
Stems are named in accordance with their PG equivalent.
a stems
ō stems
ī/jō stems
i stems
u stems
an stems
ōn stems
īn stems
r stems
z stems
Root nouns and consonant stems
Verbs
Adjectives and Determiners
Adverbs
Numbers
Syntax
Constituent order
The word order is mostly free, the base order is SOV, but this is subject to change when importance needs to be stressed on one word.
Noun phrase
Verb phrase
Sentence phrase
Dependent clauses
Example texts
Beowulf Sentence 1
Language | Sentence 1 of Beowulf |
---|---|
English | Indeed (or 'Yes!')! We of the Spear-Danes, in days old, had our great kings who discovered the glory of what that man's courage could do. |
Old English | Hƿæt! Ƿē Gār-Dena in geār‐dagum þēod‐cyninga þrym gefrūnon, hu ðā æðelingas ellen fremedon. |
Ravenish (Formal) |
hwat! wiz gaizdanjoon ïn järändägämäz þeïdöökïnïngöön þrumjaz gafrëëgun, hwo þo aþulungoz aljanan framidëëdun |
Pronunciation (Formal) |
/χʷɑt wiʒ ʁɑi̯z.ðɑn.joːn yn jæ.ræn.ðæ.ʁæ.mæʒ θey̯.ðøː.ky.nyn.ʁøːn θrum.jɑʒ ʁɑ.frɤː.ʁun χʷo θo ɑ.θu.lun.ʁɑːʒ ɑl.jɑ.nɑn frɑ.mi.ðɤː.ðun/ |