Þiudiskon: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 02:07, 1 November 2024

Old Ravenish
þiudiskon

Pronunciation	[θiu̯.ðiʃ.kon]
Created by	wfosøra
Language family	Indo-European Germanic Proto-Ravenish Old Ravenish
Early form	Proto-Ravenish (Sparsely attested)
Writing system	Latin
ConWorkShop	`MCORV`
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Ravenish (autoglossonym: þiudiskon; Modern Ravenish aldon þiudiskon; Ravenish:[θiu̯.ðiʃ.kon) is a Germanic language, with strong influence from Finnish.

Introduction

Goals

Fun
Learn more Germanic
Learn more Finnish

Setting

North Ostrobothnia

Inspiration

Finnish
Proto-Germanic
My love for old Germanic languages

Etymology

The language name derives from the same source as German Deutsch, þiudiskaz. The English name is in reference to a cultural aspect of the people, their unusually large reverence for Ravens, they place an oddly high importance on Ravens even for a Germanic tribe.

Phonology

Orthography

Orthography
IPA	Letter
/ɑ, ɑː/	a, aa
/v/	b
/ʁ/	g
/ð/	d
/e, eː/	e, ee
/ɤ, ɤː/	ë, ëë
/kʷ/	kw
/z, ʒ/	z
/χ/	h
/θ/	þ
/i, iː/	i, ii
/y, yː/	ï, ïï
/k/	k
/l/	l
/l̥/	hl
/m/	m
/n/	n
/j/	j
/u, uː/	u, uu
/p/	p
/æ, æː/	ä, ää
/r/	r
/r̥/	hr
/s, ʃ/	s
/t/	t
/w/	w
/f/	f
/χʷ/	hw
/o, oː/	o, oo
/ø, øː/	ö, öö

Consonants

Consonants have remained relatively close to Proto-Germanic, except for the few stops that had fricative allophones, these shifted fully to fricatives, the opposite of all other Germanic langs, the Velar fricatives also shifted to Uvular.

Consonant phonemes
	Labial		Dental		alveolar		post- alveolar			Velar /Uvular
Nasal		m				n					(ŋ)¹, ŋʷ²
Stop	p		t̪, t̪ʷ							k, kʷ
Fricative	f	v	θ	ð	s, sʷ	z	(ʃ)³	(ʒ)⁴		χ, χʷ	ʁ, ʁʷ
Approximant		w			l̥	l			j
Trill					r̥	r

allophone of /n/ before /k/
allophone of /n/ before /kʷ/
allophone of /s/ before velars and at word ends
allophone of /z/ before velars and at word ends, in modern colloquial forms this has roticized to /r/

Vowels

Vowels divert from PG more than the consonants, they've shifted closer to Finnish, also gaining harmony from Finnish.

Vowel phonemes
	Front				Back
	unrounded		rounded		unrounded		rounded
	short	long	short	long	short	long	short	long
Close	i	iː	y	yː			u	uː
mid	e	eː	ø	øː	ɤ	ɤː	o	oː
Open	æ	æː			ɑ	ɑː

Diphthongs

Diphthongs	Ending with /i/	Ending with /u/	Ending with /y/	Opening
Starting with /ɑ/	⟨ai⟩ [ɑi̯]	⟨au⟩ [ɑu̯]
Starting with /æ/	⟨äi⟩ [æi̯]		⟨äy⟩ [æy̯]
Starting with /o/	⟨oi⟩ [oi̯]	⟨ou⟩ [ou̯]
Starting with /e/	⟨ei⟩ [ei̯]	⟨eu⟩ [eu̯]	⟨ey⟩ [ey̯]
Starting with /ø/	⟨öi⟩ [øi̯]		⟨öy⟩ [øy̯]
Starting with /u/	⟨ui⟩ [ui̯]			⟨uo⟩ [uo̯]
Starting with /i/		⟨iu⟩ [iu̯]	⟨iy⟩ [iy̯]	⟨ie⟩ [ie̯]

Sound Changes from OR

Overlong /ɑ/ to /æ/, overlong /e/ to /ɤ/

Prosody

Stress

Stress, like in PG, still lies solely on the first syllable unless prefixed, where stress moves with the root word.

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Take ALL forms with '^?' with caution, the proto-Germanic form is unknown so this is me doing very, VERY basic comparisons to figure out a Possible form.

Pronouns

Formal personal pronouns
			Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative
first person	singular		ik	mik	mïïnäz	miz
	dual		wit	unk	unkëraz	unkiz
	plural		wiz	uns	unsëraz	unsiz
second person	singular		þuu	þik	þïïnäz	þiz
	dual		jut	ïnkw	ïnkweräz	ïnkwiz
	plural		juuz	izwiz	izweräz	izwiz
third person	singular	masculine	iz	ïnön	es	ïmmäi
		feminine	sii	iijon	ezäz	ezöi
		neuter	it	it	es	ïmmäi
	plural	masculine	iiz	ïnz	ezöön	ïmäz
		feminine	ijääz	ijaaz	ezöön	ïmäz
		neuter	ijo	ijo	ezöön	ïmäz
reflexive			se	sik	sïïnäz	siz

The form used in formal situations by natives and highly fluent speakers.

Standard/colloquial personal pronouns
			Nominative	Accusative
first person	singular		ik	mik
	dual		wit	unk
	plural		wiz	uns
second person	singular		þuu	þik
	dual		jut	ïnkw
	plural		juuz	izwiz
third person	singular	masculine	iz	ïnon
		feminine	sii	ijon
		neuter	it	it
	plural	masculine	iiz	ïnz
		feminine	ijaaz	ijaz
		neuter	ijo	ijo
reflexive			se	sik

Genitive is regularized to the suffix '-eräz'/'-ëraz', Dative is lost

Nouns

Stems are named in accordance with their PG equivalent.

a stems

ō stems

ī/jō stems

i stems

u stems

an stems

ōn stems

īn stems

r stems

z stems

Root nouns and consonant stems

Verbs

Adjectives and Determiners

Adverbs

Numbers

Syntax

Constituent order

The word order is mostly free, the base order is SOV, but this is subject to change when importance needs to be stressed on one word.

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Beowulf Sentence 1

Language	Sentence 1 of Beowulf
English	Indeed (or 'Yes!')! We of the Spear-Danes, in days old, had our great kings who discovered the glory of what that man's courage could do.
Old English	Hƿæt! Ƿē Gār-Dena in geār‐dagum þēod‐cyninga ⁠þrym gefrūnon, hu ðā æðelingas ellen fremedon.
Ravenish (Formal)	hwat! wiz gaizdanjoon ïn järändägämäz þeïdöökïnïngöön þrumjaz gafrëëgun, hwo þo aþulungoz aljanan framidëëdun
Pronunciation (Formal)	/χʷɑt wiʒ ʁɑi̯z.ðɑn.joːn yn jæ.ræn.ðæ.ʁæ.mæʒ θey̯.ðøː.ky.nyn.ʁøːn θrum.jɑʒ ʁɑ.frɤː.ʁun χʷo θo ɑ.θu.lun.ʁɑːʒ ɑl.jɑ.nɑn frɑ.mi.ðɤː.ðun/

Other resources

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{privatelang}}
 {{Infobox language
 |image= Ravenish flag.png
 |imagesize= 250px
-|name= Ravenish
+|name= Old Ravenish
 |nativename=''þiudiskon''
-|pronunciation= θiu̯.ðiʃ.køn
+|pronunciation= θiu̯.ðiʃ.kon
-|pronunciation_key = Guide:IPA
+|pronunciation_key = w:International Phonetic Alphabet chart
 |creator=[[User:Wfeozawra|wfosøra]]
-|region=[[w:North Ostrobothnia|North Ostrobothnia]]
 |fam1=Indo-European
 |fam2=Germanic
-|fam3=[[Old Ravenish]]
+|fam3=[[Proto-Ravenish]]
-|dia1=Standard
+|dia2=Formal
-|dia2=Colloquial
+|dia2=Standard
+|dia3=Colloquial
 |script1= Latn
-|ancestor= [[Old Ravenish]] (attested)
+|ancestor= [[Proto-Ravenish]] (Sparsely attested)
+|familycolor=indo-european
+|cws=MCORV
 |-
 |notice=IPA
 }}
-'''Ravenish''' ([[w:endonym|autoglossonym]]: ''þiudiskon''; <small>Ravenish:&nbsp;</small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Ravenish|[θiu̯.ðiʃ.køn&#93;]]</span>) is a [[w:Germanic language|Germanic language]], with strong influence from [[w:Finnish|Finnish]]. It is the result of a prolonged contact among members of both groups after the Ravenish tribe migrated to the area that is now [[w:North Ostrobothnia|North Ostrobothnia]]. These connections slowly formed the modern language, which, under influence of Finnish for centuries, led to the innovation of several new forms, such as a conditional verb form and definiteness distinctions in nouns.
+'''Ravenish''' ([[w:endonym|autoglossonym]]: ''þiudiskon''; [[Modern Ravenish]] ''aldon þiudiskon''; <small>Ravenish:</small>[[w:ipq chart|[θiu̯.ðiʃ.kon]]) is a [[w:Germanic language|Germanic language]], with strong influence from [[w:Finnish|Finnish]].
-While its vocabulary derives for the most part from [[w:Proto-Germanic|Proto-Germanic]], Finnish influence is most notable in its phonology and its grammar.
 ==Introduction==
-Goals
+===Goals===
 * Fun
 * Learn more Germanic
-Setting
+* Learn more Finnish
+===Setting===
 * [[w:North Ostrobothnia|North Ostrobothnia]]
-Inspiration
+===Inspiration===
 * Finnish
 * Proto-Germanic
@@ Line 63: / Line 65: @@
 |-
 ! /kʷ/
-| style="border-right: 0;" | q || style="border-left: 0;" |
+| style="border-right: 0;" | kw || style="border-left: 0;" |
 |-
 ! /z, ʒ/
@@ Line 147: / Line 149: @@
 ! colspan="2" | [[w:post-Alveolar consonant|post-<br/>alveolar]]
 ! colspan="2" | [[w:Palatal consonant|palatal]]
-! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
+! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]<br/>/[[w:Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
-! colspan="2" | [[w:Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
 |-
 ! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
@@ Line 157: / Line 158: @@
 | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
 | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])¹, ŋʷ²
-| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
 |-
 ! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
@@ Line 166: / Line 166: @@
 | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
 | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]], kʷ || style="border-left: 0;" |
-| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
 |-
 ! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
@@ Line 173: / Line 172: @@
 | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]], sʷ || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar sibilant|z]]
 | style="border-right: 0;" | ([[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]])³ || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]])⁴
-| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
 | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
 | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless uvular fricative|χ]], χʷ || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced uvular fricative|ʁ]], ʁʷ
@@ Line 183: / Line 181: @@
 | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
 | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
-| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
 | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
 |-
@@ Line 193: / Line 190: @@
 | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
 | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
-| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced uvular trill|ʀ]]
 |}
@@ Line 199: / Line 195: @@
 # allophone of /n/ before /kʷ/
 # allophone of /s/ before velars and at word ends
-# allophone of /z/ before velars and at word ends
+# allophone of /z/ before velars and at word ends, in modern colloquial forms this has roticized to /r/
 ===Vowels===
@@ Line 323: / Line 319: @@
 ===Morphophonology===
 ==Morphology==
-<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
+Take '''''ALL''''' forms with '<sup>?</sup>' with caution, the proto-Germanic form is unknown so this is me doing very, VERY basic comparisons to figure out a '''Possible''' form.
+===Pronouns===
+{{template:þiudiskon PersPrn}}
-<!-- Here are some example subcategories:
+The form used in formal situations by natives and highly fluent speakers.
-Nouns
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
-Adjectives
+|+ Standard/colloquial personal pronouns
-Verbs
+|-
-Adverbs
+! colspan=3 | !! Nominative !! Accusative
-Particles
+|-
-Derivational morphology
+! rowspan=3 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#first person|first<br>person]] !! colspan=2 | singular
+| {{term|ik}} || {{term|mik}}
+|- valign="top"
+! colspan=2 valign="middle" | dual
+| {{term|wit}} || {{term|unk}}
+|-
+! colspan=2 valign="middle" | plural
+| {{term|wiz}} || {{term|uns}}
+|-
+! rowspan=3 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#second person|second<br>person]] !! colspan=2 | singular
+| {{term|þuu}} || {{term|þik}}
+|-
+! colspan=2 | dual
+| {{term|jut}} || {{term|ïnkw}}
+|-
+! colspan=2 | plural
+| {{term|juuz}} || {{term|izwiz}}
+|-
+! rowspan=6 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#third person|third<br>person]] !! rowspan=3 | singular !! masculine
+| {{term|iz}} || {{term|ïnon}}
+|-
+! feminine
+| {{term|sii}} || {{term|ijon}}
+|-
+! neuter
+| {{term|it}} || {{term|it}}
+|-
+! rowspan=3 | plural !! masculine
+| {{term|iiz}} || {{term|ïnz}}
+|-
+! feminine
+| {{term|ijaaz}} || {{term|ijaz}}
+|-
+! neuter
+| {{term|ijo}} || {{term|ijo}}
+|-
+! rowspan=1 colspan=3 | reflexive
+| {{term|se}} || {{term|sik}}
+|-
+|}
+Genitive is regularized to the suffix '-eräz'/'-ëraz', Dative is lost
+===Nouns===
+Stems are named in accordance with their PG equivalent.
+====a stems====
+====ō stems====
+====ī/jō stems====
+====i stems====
+====u stems====
+====an stems====
+====ōn stems====
+====īn stems====
+====r stems====
+====z stems====
+====Root nouns and consonant stems====
--->
+===Verbs===
+===Adjectives and Determiners===
+===Adverbs===
+===Numbers===
 ==Syntax==
@@ Line 347: / Line 403: @@
 ==Example texts==
-hwat! wiz gaizadanjoon ïn jeerööndägämäz þeïdöökïnïngön þrumjan gafrëëgun, hwo þo aþulungaaz aljano framidëëdun
+===Beowulf Sentence 1===
+{| class="wikitable"
-/χʷɑt wiʒ ʁɑi̯.zɑ.ðɑn.joːn yn jeː.røːn.ðæ.ʁæ.mæʒ θey̯.ðøː.ky.nyn.ʁøn θrum.jɑn ʁɑ.frɤː.ʁun χʷo θo ɑ.θu.lun.ʁɑːʒ ɑl.jɑ.no frɑ.mi.ðɤː.ðun/
+|-
+! Language !! Sentence 1 of  Beowulf
+|-
+| English || Indeed (or 'Yes!')! We of the Spear-Danes, in days old, had our great kings who discovered the glory of what that man's courage could do.
+|-
+| Old English || Hƿæt! Ƿē Gār-Dena in geār‐dagum þēod‐cyninga ⁠þrym gefrūnon, hu ðā æðelingas ellen fremedon.
+|-
+| Ravenish<br/>(Formal) || hwat! wiz gaizdanjoon ïn järändägämäz þeïdöökïnïngöön þrumjaz gafrëëgun, hwo þo aþulungoz aljanan framidëëdun
+|-
+| Pronunciation<br/>(Formal) || {{IPA|/χʷɑt wiʒ ʁɑi̯z.ðɑn.joːn yn jæ.ræn.ðæ.ʁæ.mæʒ θey̯.ðøː.ky.nyn.ʁøːn θrum.jɑʒ ʁɑ.frɤː.ʁun χʷo θo ɑ.θu.lun.ʁɑːʒ ɑl.jɑ.nɑn frɑ.mi.ðɤː.ðun/}}
+|}
 ==Other resources==
-<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
+* [[þiudiskon/Swadesh|Swadesh]]
+* [[þiudiskon/Phrasebook|Phrases]]
-<!-- Template area -->
+* [[:Category:þiudiskon lemmas|lemmas]]
-[[Category:Þiudiskon]]
+[[Category:þiudiskon]]
 [[Category:Languages]]
 [[Category:Conlangs]]