Middle Ravenish: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 02:36, 14 October 2024

Middle Ravenish
tiüdiskön

Pronunciation	[tiy̯.diʃ.køn]
Created by	wfosøra
Language family	Indo-European Germanic Proto-Ravenish Old Ravenish Middle Ravenish
Early form	Old Ravenish
Writing system	Latin
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Middle Ravenish (autoglossonym: tiüdiskön; Ravenish: [tiy̯.diʃ.køn) is a Germanic language, with strong influence from Finnish. It is the result of a prolonged contact among members of both groups after the Ravenish tribe migrated to the area that is now North Ostrobothnia. These connections slowly formed the modern language, which, under influence of Finnish for centuries, led to the innovation of several new forms, such as a conditional verb form and definiteness distinctions in nouns.

While its vocabulary derives for the most part from Proto-Germanic, there is significant Finnish influence in its phonology, grammar, and lexicon

Introduction

Goals

Fun
Learn more Germanic

Setting

North Ostrobothnia

Inspiration

Finnish
Proto-Germanic
My love for old Germanic languages

Summary of changes from Proto-Germanic

tiüdiskön is a Germanic lang, it's directly descended from Proto-Germanic, it's spoken in Finland and has been since the late stage of the earliest form, Proto-Ravenish, meaning it has significant amounts of influence from Finnish, even attaining vowel harmony from it, then through colloquial simplification, the modern form uses vowel harmony grammatically, nominative forms are marked through front vowels while accusative is marked through back vowels, the genitive simplified to the suffix 'er', and the dative to '-ir'.

Etymology

The language name derives from the same source as German Deutsch, þiudiskaz. The English name is in reference to a cultural aspect of the people, their unusually large reverence for Ravens, they place an oddly high importance on Ravens even for a Germanic tribe.

Phonology

Orthography

Orthography
IPA	Letter
/ɑ, ɑː/	a, aa
/æ, æː/	ä, ää
/d/	d
/ɤ, ɤː/	e, ee
/e, eː/	ë, ëë
/f/	f
/g, gʷ/	g, gv
/h, hʷ/	h, hv
/i, iː/	i, ii
/j/	j
/k, kʷ/	k, kv
/l/	l
/m/	m
/n/	n
/o, oː/	o, oo
/ø, øː/	ö, öö
/p/	p
/r/	r
/s, ʃ/	s
/t/	t
/u, uː/	u, uu
/y, yː/	ü, üü
/ʋ/	v, b

'ṿ' is often used in educational texts to help distinguish from a consonant cluster.

Consonants

Consonant phonemes
	Labial		Dental /alveolar		postalv. /Palatal		Velar /Glottal
Nasal		m		n				(ŋ)¹, (ŋʷ²)
Stop	p		t /t̪/, t̪ʷ				k, kṿ /kʷ/	g, gṿ /gʷ/
Fricative	f		s, sṿ /sʷ/		(ʃ)³		h, hṿ /hʷ/
Approximant		v /ʋ/		l		j
Trill				r

allophone of /n/ before /k/
allophone of /n/ before /kʷ/
allophone of /s/ before velars and at word ends

Vowels

Vowel phonemes
	Front				Back
	unrounded		rounded		unrounded		rounded
	short	long	short	long	short	long	short	long
Close	i	iː	y	yː			u	uː
mid	e	eː	ø	øː	ɤ	ɤː	o	oː
Open	æ	æː			ɑ	ɑː

Diphthongs

Diphthongs	Ending with /i/	Ending with /u/	Ending with /y/	Opening
Starting with /ɑ/	⟨ai⟩ [ɑi̯]	⟨au⟩ [ɑu̯]
Starting with /æ/	⟨äi⟩ [æi̯]		⟨äy⟩ [æy̯]
Starting with /o/	⟨oi⟩ [oi̯]	⟨ou⟩ [ou̯]
Starting with /e/	⟨ei⟩ [ei̯]	⟨eu⟩ [eu̯]	⟨ey⟩ [ey̯]
Starting with /ø/	⟨öi⟩ [øi̯]		⟨öy⟩ [øy̯]
Starting with /u/	⟨ui⟩ [ui̯]			⟨uo⟩ [uo̯]
Starting with /i/		⟨iu⟩ [iu̯]	⟨iy⟩ [iy̯]	⟨ie⟩ [ie̯]

Prosody

Stress

Stress, like in PG, still lies solely on the first syllable unless prefixed, where stress moves with the root word.

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Take ALL forms with '^?' with caution, the proto-Germanic form is unknown so this is me doing very, VERY basic comparisons to figure out a Possible form.

Pronouns

Colloquial personal pronouns
		Nominative	Accusative
first person	singular	mük	muk
	dual	ünk	unk
	plural	üns	uns
second person	singular	tük	tuk
	dual	ünkṿ	unkṿ
	plural	ünsṿ	unsṿ
third person	singular	ür	ur
third person	plural	üür	uur
reflexive		së	se

Nouns

Stems are named in accordance with their PG equivalent.

a stems

ō stems

ī/jō stems

i stems

u stems

ōn stems

īn stems

r stems

z stems

Merged with the r-stems because of the roticization of final z, thus this is no longer used.

Root nouns and consonant stems

Verbs

Adjectives and Determiners

Adverbs

Numbers

Syntax

Constituent order

The word order is mostly free, the base order is SVO, but this is subject to change when importance needs to be stressed on one word.

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Beowulf Sentence 1

Language	Sentence 1 of Beowulf
English	Indeed (or 'Yes!')! We of the Spear-Danes, in days old, had our great kings who discovered the glory of what that man's courage could do.
Old English	Hƿæt! Ƿē Gār-Dena in geār‐dagum þēod‐cyninga ⁠þrym gefrūnon, hu ðā æðelingas ellen fremedon.
Ravenish
Pronunciation

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 |image= Ravenish flag.png
 |imagesize= 250px
-|name= Ravenish
+|name= Middle Ravenish
-|nativename=''tiudiskon''
+|nativename=''tiüdiskön''
-|pronunciation= tiu̯.diʃ.kon
+|pronunciation= tiy̯.diʃ.køn
 |pronunciation_key = w:International Phonetic Alphabet chart
 |creator=[[User:Wfeozawra|wfosøra]]
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 }}
-'''Ravenish''' ([[w:endonym|autoglossonym]]: ''þiudiskon''; <small>Ravenish:&nbsp;</small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[w:International Phonetic Alphabet chart|[θiu̯.ðiʃ.kon]]</span>) is a [[w:Germanic language|Germanic language]], with strong influence from [[w:Finnish|Finnish]]. It is the result of a prolonged contact among members of both groups after the Ravenish tribe migrated to the area that is now [[w:North Ostrobothnia|North Ostrobothnia]]. These connections slowly formed the modern language, which, under influence of Finnish for centuries, led to the innovation of several new forms, such as a conditional verb form and definiteness distinctions in nouns.
+'''Middle Ravenish''' ([[w:endonym|autoglossonym]]: ''tiüdiskön''; <small>Ravenish:&nbsp;</small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[w:International Phonetic Alphabet chart|[tiy̯.diʃ.køn]]</span>) is a [[w:Germanic language|Germanic language]], with strong influence from [[w:Finnish|Finnish]]. It is the result of a prolonged contact among members of both groups after the Ravenish tribe migrated to the area that is now [[w:North Ostrobothnia|North Ostrobothnia]]. These connections slowly formed the modern language, which, under influence of Finnish for centuries, led to the innovation of several new forms, such as a conditional verb form and definiteness distinctions in nouns.
 While its vocabulary derives for the most part from [[w:Proto-Germanic|Proto-Germanic]], there is significant Finnish influence in its phonology, grammar, and lexicon
@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 * Proto-Germanic
 * My love for old Germanic languages
+===Summary of changes from Proto-Germanic===
+tiüdiskön is a Germanic lang, it's directly descended from Proto-Germanic, it's spoken in Finland and has been since the late stage of the earliest form, [[Proto-Ravenish]], meaning it has significant amounts of influence from Finnish, even attaining vowel harmony from it, then through colloquial simplification, the modern form uses vowel harmony grammatically, nominative forms are marked through front vowels while accusative is marked through back vowels, the genitive simplified to the suffix 'er', and the dative to '-ir'.
 ==Etymology==
@@ Line 48: / Line 51: @@
 | style="border-right: 0;" | a, aa || style="border-left: 0;" |
 |-
-! /v/
+! /æ, æː/
-| style="border-right: 0;" | b || style="border-left: 0;" |
+| style="border-right: 0;" | ä, ää || style="border-left: 0;" |
 |-
-! /ʁ/
+! /d/
-| style="border-right: 0;" | g || style="border-left: 0;" |
-|-
-! /ð/
 | style="border-right: 0;" | d || style="border-left: 0;" |
 |-
-! /e, eː/
+! /ɤ, ɤː/
 | style="border-right: 0;" | e, ee || style="border-left: 0;" |
 |-
-! /ɤ, ɤː/
+! /e, eː/
 | style="border-right: 0;" | ë, ëë || style="border-left: 0;" |
 |-
-! /kʷ/
+! /f/
-| style="border-right: 0;" | kw || style="border-left: 0;" |
+| style="border-right: 0;" | f || style="border-left: 0;" |
-|-
-! /z, ʒ/
-| style="border-right: 0;" | z || style="border-left: 0;" |
 |-
-! /χ/
+! /g, gʷ/
-| style="border-right: 0;" | h || style="border-left: 0;" |
+| style="border-right: 0;" | g, gv || style="border-left: 0;" |
 |-
-! /θ/
+! /h, hʷ/
-| style="border-right: 0;" | þ || style="border-left: 0;" |
+| style="border-right: 0;" | h, hv || style="border-left: 0;" |
 |-
 ! /i, iː/
 | style="border-right: 0;" | i, ii || style="border-left: 0;" |
 |-
-! /y, yː/
+! /j/
-| style="border-right: 0;" | ï, ïï || style="border-left: 0;" |
+| style="border-right: 0;" | j || style="border-left: 0;" |
 |-
-! /k/
+! /k, kʷ/
-| style="border-right: 0;" | k || style="border-left: 0;" |
+| style="border-right: 0;" | k, kv || style="border-left: 0;" |
 |-
 ! /l/
 | style="border-right: 0;" | l || style="border-left: 0;" |
-|-
-! /l̥/
-| style="border-right: 0;" | hl || style="border-left: 0;" |
 |-
 ! /m/
@@ Line 96: / Line 90: @@
 | style="border-right: 0;" | n || style="border-left: 0;" |
 |-
-! /j/
+! /o, oː/
-| style="border-right: 0;" | j || style="border-left: 0;" |
+| style="border-right: 0;" | o, oo || style="border-left: 0;" |
 |-
-! /u, uː/
+! /ø, øː/
-| style="border-right: 0;" | u, uu  || style="border-left: 0;" |
+| style="border-right: 0;" | ö, öö || style="border-left: 0;" |
 |-
 ! /p/
 | style="border-right: 0;" | p || style="border-left: 0;" |
-|-
-! /æ, æː/
-| style="border-right: 0;" | ä, ää || style="border-left: 0;" |
 |-
 ! /r/
 | style="border-right: 0;" | r || style="border-left: 0;" |
-|-
-! /r̥/
-| style="border-right: 0;" | hr || style="border-left: 0;" |
 |-
 ! /s, ʃ/
@@ Line 120: / Line 108: @@
 | style="border-right: 0;" | t || style="border-left: 0;" |
 |-
-! /w/
+! /u, uː/
-| style="border-right: 0;" | w || style="border-left: 0;" |
+| style="border-right: 0;" | u, uu  || style="border-left: 0;" |
 |-
-! /f/
+! /y, yː/
-| style="border-right: 0;" | f || style="border-left: 0;" |
+| style="border-right: 0;" | ü, üü || style="border-left: 0;" |
-|-
-! /χʷ/
-| style="border-right: 0;" | hw || style="border-left: 0;" |
-|-
-! /o, oː/
-| style="border-right: 0;" | o, oo || style="border-left: 0;" |
 |-
-! /ø, øː/
+! /ʋ/
-| style="border-right: 0;" | ö, öö || style="border-left: 0;" |
+| style="border-right: 0;" | v, b || style="border-left: 0;" |
 |-
 |}
+'ṿ' is often used in educational texts to help distinguish from a consonant cluster.
 ===Consonants===
@@ Line 143: / Line 127: @@
 !
 ! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
-! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]
+! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]<br/>/[[w:Alveolar consonant|alveolar]]
-! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|alveolar]]
+! colspan="2" | [[w:post-Alveolar consonant|postalv.]]<br/>/[[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
-! colspan="2" | [[w:post-Alveolar consonant|post-<br/>alveolar]]
+! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]<br/>/[[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
-! colspan="2" | [[w:Palatal consonant|palatal]]
-! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]<br/>/[[w:Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
 |-
 ! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
 | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
-| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
 | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
 | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
-| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
+| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])¹, (ŋʷ²)
-| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])¹, ŋʷ²
 |-
 ! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
 | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
-| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental stop|t̪]], t̪ʷ || style="border-left: 0;" |
+| style="border-right: 0;" | t /[[w:Voiceless dental stop|t̪]]/, t̪ʷ || style="border-left: 0;" |
-| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
-| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
 | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
-| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]], kʷ || style="border-left: 0;" |
+| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]], kṿ /kʷ/ || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|g]], gṿ /gʷ/
 |-
 ! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
-| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
+| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
-| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
+| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]], sṿ /sʷ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
-| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]], sʷ || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar sibilant|z]]
+| style="border-right: 0;" | ([[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]])³ || style="border-left: 0;" |
-| style="border-right: 0;" | ([[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]])³ || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]])⁴
+| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]], hṿ /hʷ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
-| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
-| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless uvular fricative|χ]], χʷ || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced uvular fricative|ʁ]], ʁʷ
 |-
 ! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
-| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiovelar approximant|w]]
+| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | v /[[w:Voiced labial approximant|ʋ]]/
-| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
+| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
-| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar lateral approximant|l̥]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
-| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
 | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
 | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
@@ Line 183: / Line 157: @@
 ! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
 | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
-| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
+| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
-| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar trill|r̥]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
-| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
 | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
 | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
@@ Line 315: / Line 287: @@
 |+ Colloquial personal pronouns
 |-
-! colspan=3 | !! Nominative !! Accusative !! Genitive !! Dative
+! colspan=3 | !! Nominative !! Accusative
 |-
 ! rowspan=3 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#first person|first<br>person]] !! colspan=2 | singular
-| {{term|mïk}} || {{term|muk}} || {{term|mukar}} || {{term|mukir}}
+| {{term|mük}} || {{term|muk}}
 |- valign="top"
 ! colspan=2 valign="middle" | dual
-| {{term|ïnk}} || {{term|unk}} || {{term|unkar}} || {{term|unkir}}
+| {{term|ünk}} || {{term|unk}}
 |-
 ! colspan=2 valign="middle" | plural
-| {{term|ïns}} || {{term|uns}} || {{term|unsar}} || {{term|unsir}}
+| {{term|üns}} || {{term|uns}}
 |-
 ! rowspan=3 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#second person|second<br>person]] !! colspan=2 | singular
-| {{term|þïk}} || {{term|þuk}} || {{term|þukar}} || {{term|þukir}}
+| {{term|tük}} || {{term|tuk}}
 |-
 ! colspan=2 | dual
-| {{term|ïnkw}} || {{term|unkw}} || {{term|unkwar}} || {{term|unkwir}}
+| {{term|ünkṿ}} || {{term|unkṿ}}
 |-
 ! colspan=2 | plural
-| {{term|ïzw}} || {{term|uzw}} || {{term|uzwar}} || {{term|uzwir}}
+| {{term|ünsṿ}} || {{term|unsṿ}}
 |-
 ! rowspan=2 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#third person|third<br>person]] !! colspan=2 | singular
-| {{term|ïz}} || {{term|uz}} || {{term|uzar}} || {{term|uzir}}
+| {{term|ür}} || {{term|ur}}
 |-
 ! colspan=2 | plural
-| {{term|ïïr}} || {{term|uur}} || {{term|uuzar}} || {{term|uuzir}}
+| {{term|üür}} || {{term|uur}}
 |-
 ! colspan=3 | reflexive
-| {{term|se}} || {{term|së}} || {{term|sëar}} || {{term|sëir}}
+| {{term|së}} || {{term|se}}
 |-
 |}
@@ Line 353: / Line 325: @@
 ====i stems====
 ====u stems====
-====an stems====
 ====ōn stems====
 ====īn stems====
 ====r stems====
 ====z stems====
+Merged with the r-stems because of the roticization of final z, thus this is no longer used.
 ====Root nouns and consonant stems====
@@ Line 384: / Line 357: @@
 | Old English || Hƿæt! Ƿē Gār-Dena in geār‐dagum þēod‐cyninga ⁠þrym gefrūnon, hu ðā æðelingas ellen fremedon.
 |-
-| Ravenish<br/>(Formal) ||
+| Ravenish ||
 |-
 | Pronunciation ||
@@ Line 390: / Line 363: @@
 ==Other resources==
-* [[Modern Ravenish/Swadesh|Swadesh]]
+* [[Middle Ravenish/Swadesh|Swadesh]]
-* [[Modern Ravenish/Phrasebook|Phrases]]
+* [[Middle Ravenish/Phrasebook|Phrases]]
-* [[:Category:Modern Ravenish lemmas|lemmas]]
+* [[:Category:Middle Ravenish lemmas|lemmas]]
-[[Category:Modern Ravenish]]
+[[Category:Middle Ravenish]]
 [[Category:Languages]]
 [[Category:Conlangs]]