Middle Ravenish
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| Middle Ravenish | |
|---|---|
| tiüdiskön | |
 | |
| Pronunciation | [tiy̯.diʃ.køn] |
| Created by | wfosøra |
Indo-European
| |
Early form | |
Middle Ravenish (autoglossonym: tiüdiskön; Ravenish: [tiy̯.diʃ.køn) is a Germanic language, with strong influence from Finnish. It is the result of a prolonged contact among members of both groups after the Ravenish tribe migrated to the area that is now North Ostrobothnia. These connections slowly formed the modern language, which, under influence of Finnish for centuries, led to the innovation of several new forms, such as a conditional verb form and definiteness distinctions in nouns.
While its vocabulary derives for the most part from Proto-Germanic, there is significant Finnish influence in its phonology, grammar, and lexicon
Introduction
Goals
- Fun
- Learn more Germanic
Setting
Inspiration
- Finnish
- Proto-Germanic
- My love for old Germanic languages
Summary of changes from Proto-Germanic
tiüdiskön is a Germanic lang, it's directly descended from Proto-Germanic, it's spoken in Finland and has been since the late stage of the earliest form, Proto-Ravenish, meaning it has significant amounts of influence from Finnish, even attaining vowel harmony from it, then through colloquial simplification, the modern form uses vowel harmony grammatically, nominative forms are marked through front vowels while accusative is marked through back vowels, the genitive simplified to the suffix 'er', and the dative to '-ir'.
Etymology
The language name derives from the same source as German Deutsch, þiudiskaz. The English name is in reference to a cultural aspect of the people, their unusually large reverence for Ravens, they place an oddly high importance on Ravens even for a Germanic tribe.
Phonology
Orthography
| IPA | Letter | |
|---|---|---|
| /ɑ, ɑː/ | a, aa | |
| /æ, æː/ | ä, ää | |
| /d/ | d | |
| /ɤ, ɤː/ | e, ee | |
| /e, eː/ | ë, ëë | |
| /f/ | f | |
| /g, gʷ/ | g, gv | |
| /h, hʷ/ | h, hv | |
| /i, iː/ | i, ii | |
| /j/ | j | |
| /k, kʷ/ | k, kv | |
| /l/ | l | |
| /m/ | m | |
| /n/ | n | |
| /o, oː/ | o, oo | |
| /ø, øː/ | ö, öö | |
| /p/ | p | |
| /r/ | r | |
| /s, ʃ/ | s | |
| /t/ | t | |
| /u, uː/ | u, uu | |
| /y, yː/ | ü, üü | |
| /ʋ/ | v, b | |
'ṿ' is often used in educational texts to help distinguish from a consonant cluster.
Consonants
| Labial | Dental /alveolar |
postalv. /Palatal |
Velar /Glottal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | (ŋ)¹, (ŋʷ²) | |||||
| Stop | p | t /t̪/, t̪ʷ | k, kṿ /kʷ/ | g, gṿ /gʷ/ | ||||
| Fricative | f | s, sṿ /sʷ/ | (ʃ)³ | h, hṿ /hʷ/ | ||||
| Approximant | v /ʋ/ | l | j | |||||
| Trill | r | |||||||
- allophone of /n/ before /k/
- allophone of /n/ before /kʷ/
- allophone of /s/ before velars and at word ends
Vowels
| Front | Back | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |||||||||||||
| short | long | short | long | short | long | short | long | |||||||||
| Close | i | iː | y | yː | u | uː | ||||||||||
| mid | e | eː | ø | øː | ɤ | ɤː | o | oː | ||||||||
| Open | æ | æː | ɑ | ɑː | ||||||||||||
Diphthongs
| Diphthongs | Ending with /i/ | Ending with /u/ | Ending with /y/ | Opening |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Starting with /ɑ/ | ⟨ai⟩ [ɑi̯] | ⟨au⟩ [ɑu̯] | ||
| Starting with /æ/ | ⟨äi⟩ [æi̯] | ⟨äy⟩ [æy̯] | ||
| Starting with /o/ | ⟨oi⟩ [oi̯] | ⟨ou⟩ [ou̯] | ||
| Starting with /e/ | ⟨ei⟩ [ei̯] | ⟨eu⟩ [eu̯] | ⟨ey⟩ [ey̯] | |
| Starting with /ø/ | ⟨öi⟩ [øi̯] | ⟨öy⟩ [øy̯] | ||
| Starting with /u/ | ⟨ui⟩ [ui̯] | ⟨uo⟩ [uo̯] | ||
| Starting with /i/ | ⟨iu⟩ [iu̯] | ⟨iy⟩ [iy̯] | ⟨ie⟩ [ie̯] |
Prosody
Stress
Stress, like in PG, still lies solely on the first syllable unless prefixed, where stress moves with the root word.
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Take ALL forms with '?' with caution, the proto-Germanic form is unknown so this is me doing very, VERY basic comparisons to figure out a Possible form.
Pronouns
| Nominative | Accusative | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| first person |
singular | mük | muk | |
| dual | ünk | unk | ||
| plural | üns | uns | ||
| second person |
singular | tük | tuk | |
| dual | ünkṿ | unkṿ | ||
| plural | ünsṿ | unsṿ | ||
| third person |
singular | ür | ur | |
| plural | üür | uur | ||
| reflexive | së | se | ||
Nouns
Stems are named in accordance with their PG equivalent.
a stems
ō stems
ī/jō stems
i stems
u stems
ōn stems
īn stems
r stems
z stems
Merged with the r-stems because of the roticization of final z, thus this is no longer used.
Root nouns and consonant stems
Verbs
Adjectives and Determiners
Adverbs
Numbers
Syntax
Constituent order
The word order is mostly free, the base order is SVO, but this is subject to change when importance needs to be stressed on one word.
Noun phrase
Verb phrase
Sentence phrase
Dependent clauses
Example texts
Beowulf Sentence 1
| Language | Sentence 1 of Beowulf |
|---|---|
| English | Indeed (or 'Yes!')! We of the Spear-Danes, in days old, had our great kings who discovered the glory of what that man's courage could do. |
| Old English | Hƿæt! Ƿē Gār-Dena in geār‐dagum þēod‐cyninga þrym gefrūnon, hu ðā æðelingas ellen fremedon. |
| Ravenish | |
| Pronunciation |