Qasunattuuji: Difference between revisions

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Line 127:

If there is a long and a short vowel in sequence, and vice versa, for example [aːi], an epenthetic [ŋ] appears to break this hiatus, in this case, becoming [aːŋi].

[t] and [p] become [ʐ] and [v], respectively, between vowels (assibilation).

~~[k], [q] and~~ [t] ~~become [ŋ], [ʁ] and~~ [n]~~, respectively,~~ before [n]

[t] becomes [n] before [n]

Consonants can be geminated, but in this case, they should be pronounced as if there were two of them.

Line 219:

|-

| '''Perlative'''

| ~~÷hapi~~ / -pi

| ÷havi / -pi

| ÷it¹ / -t

| ÷pix²

Line 267:

|-

| '''Locative'''

| miha'''qi'''

| miha'''haqi'''

| miha'''qu'''

| miha'''haqu'''

| miha'''qix'''

|-

| '''Perlative'''

| miha'''pi'''

| miha'''havi'''

| mih'''it'''

| miha'''~~pix~~'''

| miha'''vix'''

|-

| '''Similative'''

| miha'''si'''

| miha'''hasi'''

| miha'''sit'''

| miha'''six'''

Line 320:

|-

| '''Perlative'''

| puulu'''pi'''

| puulu'''vi'''

| puulu'''t'''

| puulu'''~~pix~~'''

| puulu'''vix'''

|-

| '''Similative'''

Line 369:

|+

| colspan="8"| '''~~vijunipisigik~~ {{red|~~qayipi~~?}}'''

| colspan="8"| '''vijunivisigik {{red|qayivi?}}'''

|-

| colspan="8"| /viʐuniˈsiʁik ~~qaˈjipi~~/

| colspan="8"| /viʐuniˈsiʁik qaˈjivi/

|-

Line 379:

|-pisigik

|qayi-

|-pi

|-vi

|-

Line 418:

====Derivation and structure====

The morpheme ''ti'' is suffixed to the verbs in order to indicate the agent: pi (hunt) → pi'''ji''' (hunter).

The suffix ''-~~miq~~'' transforms a verb into an instrument to do so: sayu (sew) → sayu'''~~miq~~''' (sewing machine).

The suffix ''-un'' transforms a verb into an instrument to do so: sayu (sew) → sayu'''un''' (sewing machine).

The suffix ''-(ŋ)~~ilu~~'' indicates the diminutive: viin (woman) → ~~vin~~'''ilu''' (~~ggirl~~).

The suffix ''-(ŋ)il'' indicates the diminutive: viin (woman) → viin'''ilu''' (girl).

The suffix ''-ppak'' creates a noun that in theory is bigger than the primitive: ixav (caribou) → ixa'''ppak''' (horse).

There are also suffixes for quantities, such as ''hayaat'' (many) or ''payaak'' (each).

Line 636:

|-

|8000

|~~qiipak~~

|qiippak

|1x8000

|}

Line 860:

|-

|{{center|{{Interlinear|2PL}}}}

|{{center|~~Ilivix~~}}

|{{center|Ilivimix}}

|{{center|Ilivixi}}

|{{center|Ilivihim}}

Line 878:

|-

|{{center|{{Interlinear|3SG-REFL}}}}

|{{center|~~Iŋmi~~}}

|{{center|Iimi}}

|{{center|~~Iŋmihuu~~}}

|{{center|Iimihuu}}

|{{center|~~Iŋmihi~~}}

|{{center|Iimihi}}

|{{center|~~Iŋmihip~~}}

|{{center|Iimihip}}

|{{center|~~Iŋmiqi~~}}

|{{center|Iimiqi}}

|{{center|~~Iŋmipi~~}}

|{{center|Iimipi}}

|{{center|~~Iŋmisi~~}}

|{{center|Iimisi}}

|-

|{{center|{{Interlinear|3DU-REFL}}}}

|{{center|~~Iŋmiju~~}}

|{{center|Iimiju}}

|{{center|~~Iŋmijuh~~}}

|{{center|Iimijuh}}

|{{center|~~Iŋmihit~~}}

|{{center|Iimihit}}

|{{center|~~Iŋmihuut~~}}

|{{center|Iimihuut}}

|{{center|~~Iŋmiqu~~}}

|{{center|Iimiqu}}

|{{center|~~Iŋmit~~}}

|{{center|Iimit}}

|{{center|~~Iŋmisit~~}}

|{{center|Iimisit}}

|-

|{{center|{{Interlinear|3PL-REFL}}}}

|{{center|~~Iŋmimix~~}}

|{{center|Iimimix}}

|{{center|~~Iŋmimixi~~}}

|{{center|Iimimixi}}

|{{center|~~Iŋmihim~~}}

|{{center|Iimihim}}

|{{center|~~Iŋmihum~~}}

|{{center|Iimihum}}

|{{center|~~Iŋmiqix~~}}

|{{center|Iimiqix}}

|{{center|~~Iŋmipix~~}}

|{{center|Iimipix}}

|{{center|~~Iŋmisix~~}}

|{{center|Iimisix}}

|}

{| class="wikitable"

|+Interrogative pronouns

! colspan="4" |{{center|~~kina~~ (who?)}}

! colspan="4" |{{center|kiŋa (who?)}}

|-

|

Line 915:

|-

|{{center|'''Absolutive'''}}

|{{center|~~kina~~}}

|{{center|kiŋa}}

|{{center|~~kina~~-ju}}

|{{center|kiŋa-ju}}

|{{center|~~kina~~-mix}}

|{{center|kiŋa-mix}}

|-

|{{center|'''Ergative'''}}

|{{center|~~kina~~-hu}}

|{{center|kiŋa-hu}}

|{{center|~~kina~~-juh}}

|{{center|kiŋa-juh}}

|{{center|~~kina~~-mixi}}

|{{center|kiŋa-mixi}}

|-

|{{center|'''Instrumental'''}}

|{{center|~~kina~~-k}}

|{{center|kiŋa-k}}

|{{center|~~kina~~-juk}}

|{{center|kiŋa-juk}}

|{{center|~~kina~~-kix}}

|{{center|kiŋa-kix}}

|-

|{{center|'''Allative'''}}

|{{center|~~kina~~-hi}}

|{{center|kiŋa-hi}}

|{{center|~~kina~~-hit}}

|{{center|kiŋa-hit}}

|{{center|~~kina~~-him}}

|{{center|kiŋa-him}}

|-

|{{center|'''Ablative'''}}

|{{center|~~kina~~-hip}}

|{{center|kiŋa-hip}}

|{{center|~~kina~~-hut}}

|{{center|kiŋa-hut}}

|{{center|~~kina~~-hum}}

|{{center|kiŋa-hum}}

|-

|{{center|'''Locative'''}}

|{{center|~~kina~~-qi}}

|{{center|kiŋa-qi}}

|{{center|~~kina~~-qu}}

|{{center|kiŋa-qu}}

|{{center|~~kina~~-qix}}

|{{center|kiŋa-qix}}

|-

|{{center|'''Perlative'''}}

|{{center|~~kina~~-pi}}

|{{center|kiŋa-pi}}

|{{center|~~kina~~-t}}

|{{center|kiŋa-t}}

|{{center|~~kina~~-pix}}

|{{center|kiŋa-pix}}

|-

|{{center|'''Similative'''}}

|{{center|~~kina~~-si}}

|{{center|kiŋa-si}}

|{{center|~~kina~~-sit}}

|{{center|kiŋa-sit}}

|{{center|~~kina~~-six}}

|{{center|kiŋa-six}}

|-

! colspan="4" |{{center|~~pit~~ (what?)}}

! colspan="4" |{{center|put (what?)}}

|-

|

Line 962:

|-

|{{center|'''Absolutive'''}}

|{{center|~~pit~~}}

|{{center|put}}

|{{center|~~pit~~-tu}}

|{{center|put-tu}}

|{{center|~~pij~~-ix}}

|{{center|puj-ix}}

|-

|{{center|'''Ergative'''}}

|{{center|pi-hu}}

|{{center|pu-hu}}

|{{center|~~pit~~-tuh}}

|{{center|put-tuh}}

|{{center|~~pij~~-ixi}}

|{{center|puj-ixi}}

|-

|{{center|'''Instrumental'''}}

|{{center|pi-hak}}

|{{center|pu-hak}}

|{{center|pi-kat}}

|{{center|pu-kat}}

|{{center|pi-kix}}

|{{center|pu-kix}}

|-

|{{center|'''Allative'''}}

|{{center|pi-hi}}

|{{center|pu-hi}}

|{{center|pi-hit}}

|{{center|pu-hit}}

|{{center|pi-him}}

|{{center|pu-him}}

|-

|{{center|'''Ablative'''}}

|{{center|pi-hahip}}

|{{center|pu-hahip}}

|{{center|pi-huut}}

|{{center|pu-huut}}

|{{center|pi-hum}}

|{{center|pu-hum}}

|-

|{{center|'''Locative'''}}

|{{center|pi-haqi}}

|{{center|pu-haqi}}

|{{center|pi-haq}}

|{{center|pu-haq}}

|{{center|pi-qix}}

|{{center|pu-qix}}

|-

|{{center|'''Perlative'''}}

|{{center|pi-hapi}}

|{{center|pu-hapi}}

|{{center|~~pij~~-it}}

|{{center|puj-it}}

|{{center|pi-pix}}

|{{center|pu-pix}}

|-

|{{center|'''Similative'''}}

|{{center|pi-hasi}}

|{{center|pu-hasi}}

|{{center|pi-sit}}

|{{center|pu-sit}}

|{{center|pi-six}}

|{{center|pu-six}}

|}

Line 1,151:

aaŋa means “but”, asiiŋ and suli mean “and”, but asiiŋ is contrastive (that is, and, in contrast)

===Cross-class morphology and wordhood definition===

Nouns cannot be conjugated or negated as verbs, nor verbs, declinated. ~~Quando um substantivo é negado~~, ~~ele vira um verbo~~. ~~Apenas verbos podem exibir o sufixo nominalizador~~ -(t)~~iiŋu~~.

Nouns cannot be conjugated or negated as verbs, nor verbs, declinated. When a noun is negated, it becomes a verb. Only verbs can bear the nominalizer suffix -(ŋ)iiŋi.

Assibilation and hiatus breaking don't occur between words.

Line 1,176:

*Heavy-NP backing: a long noun phrase can be placed at the end of a sentence.

*A sentence with ''as'' can be easily deleted. E.g.

:~~Kinahu~~ iijuliaŋupisaxanipisa ilaasi upisaxanituaq?

:Kiŋahu iijuliaŋupisaxanipisa ilaasi upisaxanituaq?

:Who can write a story as s/he can write?

:can become

:~~Kinahu~~ iijuliaŋupisaxaniggaa ''ilaa''?

:Kiŋahu iijuliaŋupisaxaniggaa ''ilaa''?

:Who can write a story as ''s/he''?

*Gapping can also happen with negated verbs. For example:

Line 1,187:

*Another kind of gapping (stripping) can occur even when the sentences' objects are different. For example:

:Qiqaaŋa hilippihahuu sajijajilugu suli ilaahuu, sul

:I ate some of the leftover ~~breadm~~ and s/he, cheese

:I ate some of the leftover bread and s/he, cheese

:is perfectly possible in Qasunattuuji.

*In certain contexts, a sentence that has nothing to do with the main sentence can be inserted. For example:

Line 1,195:

==Example texts==

Iluuhuusaji Haviqan (The North Wind and the Sun): Imaaŋa, igajuxiinijunikkaŋa Iluuhuusaji Haviqahuu suli Sahuu vixalilujuq ~~kina~~, qaaŋalan vijuq qiihuu mujunajihuu majiyakanuugaa ayuaqujuq. Aŋigaajin mihaxxaniniagaa iŋŋahuu ~~kinahuu~~ mujinajihuu muugittuq ilaa maajiyahuu ilusuisihattuq vixalilujuq hinajihahip. Aaxiiŋ havijuq vixaliluxanijuq Iluuhuusaji Haviqan, vixalilujuq havijuq aaŋa kaluuqi, maajiyaviijuq mujunaji kanuukkaŋa ilaa. Aaxiiŋ xaviluni ayuaqujuq Sahuu suli uusa maajiyamuugittuq mujunaji. Qajukajijujuq malugu Iluuhuusaji Haviqahuu pit vixaligik Sahuu tuvuhuut.

Iluuhuusaji Haviqan suli Sahuu (The North Wind and the Sun): Imaaŋa, igajuxiinijunikkaŋa Iluuhuusaji Haviqahuu suli Sahuu vixalilujuq kiŋa, qaaŋalan vijuq qiihuu mujunajihuu majiyakanuugaa ayuaqujuq. Aŋigaajin mihaxxaniniagaa iŋŋahuu kiŋahuu mujinajihuu muugittuq ilaa maajiyahuu ilusuisihattuq vixalilujuq hinajihahip. Aaxiiŋ havijuq vixaliluxanijuq Iluuhuusaji Haviqan, vixalilujuq havijuq aaŋa kaluuqi, maajiyaviijuq mujunaji kanuukkaŋa ilaa. Aaxiiŋ xaviluni ayuaqujuq Sahuu suli uusa maajiyamuugittuq mujunaji. Qajukajijujuq malugu Iluuhuusaji Haviqahuu pit vixaligik Sahuu tuvuhuut.

/i.luː.χuːˈsa.ʐi χaˈvi.qan ˈsu.li ˈsa.χu/ (transcription): /iˈmaːŋ.a, i.ʁa.ʐu.ʂiː.ni.ʐu.nikˈkaŋ.a i.luːχuːˈsa.ʐi χa.viˈqa.χuː su.li ˈsa.χuː vi.ʂa.liˈlu.ʐuq ˈki.na, qaːŋˈa.lan ˈvi.ʐuq ˈqiː.χuː mu.ʐu.naˈʐi.χuː ma.ʐi.ja.kaˈnuː.ʁaː a.juaˈqu.ʐuq. aŋ.iˈʁaː.ʐin mi.χaʂ.ʂa.niˈnia.ʁaː iŋˈŋa.χuː kiˈna.χuː mu.ʐi.naˈʐi.χuː muːˈʁit.tuq ˈi.laː maː.ʐiˈja.χuː i.lu.sui.siˈχat.tuq vi.ʂa.liˈlu.ʐuq χi.na.ʐiˈχa.χip. ˈaː.ʂiːŋ χaˈvi.ʐuq vi.ʂa.li.lu.ʂaˈni.ʐuq i.luː.χuːˈsa.ʐi χaˈvi.qan, vi.ʂa.liˈlu.ʐuq χaˈvi.ʐuq ˈaː.ŋa kaˈluː.qi, maː.ʐi.jaˈviː.ʐuq mu.ʐuˈna.ʐi ka.nuːkˈka.ŋa ˈi.laː. ˈaː.ʂiːŋ ʂa.viˈlu.ni a.juaˈqu.ʐuq ˈsa.χuː ˈsu.li ˈuː.sa maː.ʐi.ja.muːˈʁit.tuq mu.ʐuˈna.ʐi. qa.ʐu.ka.ʐiˈʐu.ʐuq maˈlu.ɢu i.luː.χuːˈsa.ʐi χa.viˈqa.χuː pit vi.ʂaˈli.ʁik ˈsa.χuː tuˈvu.χuːt/

/i.luː.χuːˈsa.ʐi χaˈvi.qan ˈsu.li ˈsa.χuː/ (transcription): /iˈmaːŋ.a, i.ʁa.ʐu.ʂiː.ni.ʐu.nikˈkaŋ.a i.luːχuːˈsa.ʐi χa.viˈqa.χuː su.li ˈsa.χuː vi.ʂa.liˈlu.ʐuq ˈki.na, qaːŋˈa.lan ˈvi.ʐuq ˈqiː.χuː mu.ʐu.naˈʐi.χuː ma.ʐi.ja.kaˈnuː.ʁaː a.juaˈqu.ʐuq. aŋ.iˈʁaː.ʐin mi.χaʂ.ʂa.niˈnia.ʁaː iŋˈŋa.χuː kiˈna.χuː mu.ʐi.naˈʐi.χuː muːˈʁit.tuq ˈi.laː maː.ʐiˈja.χuː i.lu.sui.siˈχat.tuq vi.ʂa.liˈlu.ʐuq χi.na.ʐiˈχa.χip. ˈaː.ʂiːŋ χaˈvi.ʐuq vi.ʂa.li.lu.ʂaˈni.ʐuq i.luː.χuːˈsa.ʐi χaˈvi.qan, vi.ʂa.liˈlu.ʐuq χaˈvi.ʐuq ˈaː.ŋa kaˈluː.qi, maː.ʐi.jaˈviː.ʐuq mu.ʐuˈna.ʐi ka.nuːkˈka.ŋa ˈi.laː. ˈaː.ʂiːŋ ʂa.viˈlu.ni a.juaˈqu.ʐuq ˈsa.χuː ˈsu.li ˈuː.sa maː.ʐi.ja.muːˈʁit.tuq mu.ʐuˈna.ʐi. qa.ʐu.ka.ʐiˈʐu.ʐuq maˈlu.ɢu i.luː.χuːˈsa.ʐi χa.viˈqa.χuː pit vi.ʂaˈli.ʁik ˈsa.χuː tuˈvu.χuːt/

Text with gloss:

Line 1,203:

|+

| colspan="8"| '''~~Kaluusaakiiŋavijiiŋu~~, vuhuu ~~tisaa~~ tisalisaakuugnuqittuq aaq ilaa ~~xajijattiiŋuhuu~~'''

| colspan="8"| '''Kaluusaakiiŋaviŋiiŋi, vuhuu tisaal tisalisaakuugnuqittuq aaq ilaa xajijajiiŋihuu'''

|-

| colspan="8"| /kaluːsaːkiːŋaviˈʐiŋu ˈvuχuː ~~ˈtisaː~~ tisalisaːkuːʁnuˈqittuq aːq ˈilaː ~~ʂaʐiʐattiŋˈuχuː~~/

| colspan="8"| /kaluːsaːkiːŋaviˈʐiŋu ˈvuχuː ˈtisaːl tisalisaːkuːʁnuˈqittuq aːq ˈilaː ʂaʐiʐaʐiŋˈiχuː/

|-

|~~kaluusaakiiŋavijiiŋu~~

|kaluusaakiiŋavijŋiiŋi

|vuj-

|-huu

Line 1,219:

|aaq

|ilaa

|~~xajijattiiŋu~~-

|xajijaŋiiŋi-

|-huu

|-

Line 1,226:

| court-

| -{{sc|erg}}

~~|winter~~

| king

| queen-

Line 1,241:

Line 1,240:

|}

Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: xaxajut qaluujut suli iikujut ~~haniyumix~~ taxahaqi suli mijayuqix, ihihiimixi isummiq suli sulijalaqaxannigiiŋu, igigaixaxu qiimixi hinajihim ~~qajihajujiiŋuqi~~ vihuu.

Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: xaxajut qaluujut suli iikujut haniyumixi taxahaqi suli mijayuqix, ihihiimixi isummiq suli sulijalaqaxannigiiŋu, igigaixaxu qiimixi hinajihim qajihajuŋiiŋiqi vihuu.

Line 1,248:

Line 1,247:

Vavilun Paaniahuu (The Tower of Babel):

#Sajiijigaa iluqaqiluuhuu tanaqupaaluk qii, qii vipaaluhuu vipiiŋu.

#Qavijunilugu viqixi Huusajihip, kugaat qii palit Sinnaal ~~kulunisiluvajunu~~ paana iŋmimix.

#Qavijunilugu viqixi Huusajihip, kugaat qii palit Sinnaal igulunisiluvajunu paana iŋmimix.

#Vigaix qiimixi hinajihim: “qilamihalijuŋ suli viqinalaniagivut.” Qijasulijalaqamihagaix hixamalix suli pijum laavulaluaq.

#Huujij vijut: ~~“kuluttiijilijuŋ~~ sulijalaqaq paania qajiikkaŋa tayuumix. Xannigiiŋuniasijuli qanihuu suli qilukisigiput iliihuu tiqi.

#Huujij vijut: “iguluttiijilijuŋ sulijalaqaq paania qajiikkaŋa tayuumix. Xannigiiŋuniasijuli qanihuu suli qilukisigiput iliihuu tiqi.

#Ilusuyumajuq Pujis tijagaa kuluhuu suli paaniahuu tiijijuat viqixi.

#Vijunu Pujis: ”Tuujiujut qiipaaluk suli tanaquvigaat qiipaaluk aakajunu tiijigaat una. Kaluuŋunaxavixanimisiagai niahuu unaxamijuat mihajut.

#Vilik, ilusuyumali suli sulijalaqavalaujilaaput tanaquhuu vijuat mijijax qasunaminiaigaux qiimixi hinajihim.”

#Qiluugaili Pujihuu aanahahip tiyuhi, tuujunu ~~kuluttiiji~~.

#Qiluugaili Pujihuu aanahahip tiyuhi, tuujunu iguluttiiji.

#Aaq Vavilukulaqasujuq, aaq sulijalaqavalaujigaa tanaquhuu iluuyu. Aanahahip Pujihuu qiluugai tiyupi..

Pahaat Uvaŋa (Lord's Prayer)

Pahaat uvaŋa, ~~kina~~ tayuuŋujujin:

Pahaat uvaŋa, kiŋa tayuuŋujujin:

Xaviiŋattijuniajuq Ilivix qanihuu.

Viniajuq Ilivix Tisaattuu.

@@ Line 127: / Line 127: @@
 If there is a long and a short vowel in sequence, and vice versa, for example [aːi], an epenthetic [ŋ] appears to break this hiatus, in this case, becoming [aːŋi]. <br>
 [t] and [p] become [ʐ] and [v], respectively, between vowels (assibilation). <br>
-[k], [q] and [t] become [ŋ], [ʁ] and [n], respectively, before [n] <br>
+[t] becomes [n] before [n] <br>
 Consonants can be geminated, but in this case, they should be pronounced as if there were two of them.
@@ Line 219: / Line 219: @@
 |-
 |   '''Perlative'''
-| ÷hapi / -pi
+| ÷havi / -pi
 | ÷it¹ / -t
 | ÷pix²
@@ Line 267: / Line 267: @@
 |-
 |   '''Locative'''
-| miha'''qi'''
+| miha'''haqi'''
-| miha'''qu'''
+| miha'''haqu'''
 | miha'''qix'''
 |-
 |   '''Perlative'''
-| miha'''pi'''
+| miha'''havi'''
 | mih'''it'''
-| miha'''pix'''
+| miha'''vix'''
 |-
 |   '''Similative'''
-| miha'''si'''
+| miha'''hasi'''
 | miha'''sit'''
 | miha'''six'''
@@ Line 320: / Line 320: @@
 |-
 |   '''Perlative'''
-| puulu'''pi'''
+| puulu'''vi'''
 | puulu'''t'''
-| puulu'''pix'''
+| puulu'''vix'''
 |-
 |   '''Similative'''
@@ Line 369: / Line 369: @@
 |+
 <!-- Sentence -->
-| colspan="8"| '''vijunipisigik {{red|qayipi?}}'''
+| colspan="8"| '''vijunivisigik {{red|qayivi?}}'''
 |-
 <!-- Pronunciation-->
-| colspan="8"| /viʐuniˈsiʁik qaˈjipi/
+| colspan="8"| /viʐuniˈsiʁik qaˈjivi/
 |-
 <!-- Morphemes-->
@@ Line 379: / Line 379: @@
 |<small>-pisigik</small>
 |<small>qayi-</small>
-|<small>-pi</small>
+|<small>-vi</small>
 |-
 <!-- Gloss-->
@@ Line 418: / Line 418: @@
 ====Derivation and structure====
 The morpheme ''ti'' is suffixed to the verbs in order to indicate the agent: pi (hunt) → pi'''ji''' (hunter).<br>
-The suffix ''-miq'' transforms a verb into an instrument to do so: sayu (sew) → sayu'''miq''' (sewing machine).<br>
+The suffix ''-un'' transforms a verb into an instrument to do so: sayu (sew) → sayu'''un''' (sewing machine).<br>
-The suffix ''-(ŋ)ilu'' indicates the diminutive: viin (woman) → vin'''ilu''' (ggirl).<br>
+The suffix ''-(ŋ)il'' indicates the diminutive: viin (woman) → viin'''ilu''' (girl).<br>
 The suffix ''-ppak'' creates a noun that in theory is bigger than the primitive: ixav (caribou) → ixa'''ppak''' (horse).<br>
 There are also suffixes for quantities, such as ''hayaat'' (many) or ''payaak'' (each).
@@ Line 636: / Line 636: @@
 |-
 |8000
-|qiipak
+|qiippak
 |1x8000
 |}
@@ Line 860: / Line 860: @@
 |-
 |{{center|{{Interlinear|2PL}}}}
-|{{center|Ilivix}}
+|{{center|Ilivimix}}
 |{{center|Ilivixi}}
 |{{center|Ilivihim}}
@@ Line 878: / Line 878: @@
 |-
 |{{center|{{Interlinear|3SG-REFL}}}}
-|{{center|Iŋmi}}
+|{{center|Iimi}}
-|{{center|Iŋmihuu}}
+|{{center|Iimihuu}}
-|{{center|Iŋmihi}}
+|{{center|Iimihi}}
-|{{center|Iŋmihip}}
+|{{center|Iimihip}}
-|{{center|Iŋmiqi}}
+|{{center|Iimiqi}}
-|{{center|Iŋmipi}}
+|{{center|Iimipi}}
-|{{center|Iŋmisi}}
+|{{center|Iimisi}}
 |-
 |{{center|{{Interlinear|3DU-REFL}}}}
-|{{center|Iŋmiju}}
+|{{center|Iimiju}}
-|{{center|Iŋmijuh}}
+|{{center|Iimijuh}}
-|{{center|Iŋmihit}}
+|{{center|Iimihit}}
-|{{center|Iŋmihuut}}
+|{{center|Iimihuut}}
-|{{center|Iŋmiqu}}
+|{{center|Iimiqu}}
-|{{center|Iŋmit}}
+|{{center|Iimit}}
-|{{center|Iŋmisit}}
+|{{center|Iimisit}}
 |-
 |{{center|{{Interlinear|3PL-REFL}}}}
-|{{center|Iŋmimix}}
+|{{center|Iimimix}}
-|{{center|Iŋmimixi}}
+|{{center|Iimimixi}}
-|{{center|Iŋmihim}}
+|{{center|Iimihim}}
-|{{center|Iŋmihum}}
+|{{center|Iimihum}}
-|{{center|Iŋmiqix}}
+|{{center|Iimiqix}}
-|{{center|Iŋmipix}}
+|{{center|Iimipix}}
-|{{center|Iŋmisix}}
+|{{center|Iimisix}}
 |}
 {| class="wikitable"
 |+Interrogative pronouns
-! colspan="4" |{{center|kina (who?)}}
+! colspan="4" |{{center|kiŋa (who?)}}
 |-
 |
@@ Line 915: / Line 915: @@
 |-
 |{{center|'''Absolutive'''}}
-|{{center|kina}}
+|{{center|kiŋa}}
-|{{center|kina-ju}}
+|{{center|kiŋa-ju}}
-|{{center|kina-mix}}
+|{{center|kiŋa-mix}}
 |-
 |{{center|'''Ergative'''}}
-|{{center|kina-hu}}
+|{{center|kiŋa-hu}}
-|{{center|kina-juh}}
+|{{center|kiŋa-juh}}
-|{{center|kina-mixi}}
+|{{center|kiŋa-mixi}}
 |-
 |{{center|'''Instrumental'''}}
-|{{center|kina-k}}
+|{{center|kiŋa-k}}
-|{{center|kina-juk}}
+|{{center|kiŋa-juk}}
-|{{center|kina-kix}}
+|{{center|kiŋa-kix}}
 |-
 |{{center|'''Allative'''}}
-|{{center|kina-hi}}
+|{{center|kiŋa-hi}}
-|{{center|kina-hit}}
+|{{center|kiŋa-hit}}
-|{{center|kina-him}}
+|{{center|kiŋa-him}}
 |-
 |{{center|'''Ablative'''}}
-|{{center|kina-hip}}
+|{{center|kiŋa-hip}}
-|{{center|kina-hut}}
+|{{center|kiŋa-hut}}
-|{{center|kina-hum}}
+|{{center|kiŋa-hum}}
 |-
 |{{center|'''Locative'''}}
-|{{center|kina-qi}}
+|{{center|kiŋa-qi}}
-|{{center|kina-qu}}
+|{{center|kiŋa-qu}}
-|{{center|kina-qix}}
+|{{center|kiŋa-qix}}
 |-
 |{{center|'''Perlative'''}}
-|{{center|kina-pi}}
+|{{center|kiŋa-pi}}
-|{{center|kina-t}}
+|{{center|kiŋa-t}}
-|{{center|kina-pix}}
+|{{center|kiŋa-pix}}
 |-
 |{{center|'''Similative'''}}
-|{{center|kina-si}}
+|{{center|kiŋa-si}}
-|{{center|kina-sit}}
+|{{center|kiŋa-sit}}
-|{{center|kina-six}}
+|{{center|kiŋa-six}}
 |-
-! colspan="4" |{{center|pit (what?)}}
+! colspan="4" |{{center|put (what?)}}
 |-
 |
@@ Line 962: / Line 962: @@
 |-
 |{{center|'''Absolutive'''}}
-|{{center|pit}}
+|{{center|put}}
-|{{center|pit-tu}}
+|{{center|put-tu}}
-|{{center|pij-ix}}
+|{{center|puj-ix}}
 |-
 |{{center|'''Ergative'''}}
-|{{center|pi-hu}}
+|{{center|pu-hu}}
-|{{center|pit-tuh}}
+|{{center|put-tuh}}
-|{{center|pij-ixi}}
+|{{center|puj-ixi}}
 |-
 |{{center|'''Instrumental'''}}
-|{{center|pi-hak}}
+|{{center|pu-hak}}
-|{{center|pi-kat}}
+|{{center|pu-kat}}
-|{{center|pi-kix}}
+|{{center|pu-kix}}
 |-
 |{{center|'''Allative'''}}
-|{{center|pi-hi}}
+|{{center|pu-hi}}
-|{{center|pi-hit}}
+|{{center|pu-hit}}
-|{{center|pi-him}}
+|{{center|pu-him}}
 |-
 |{{center|'''Ablative'''}}
-|{{center|pi-hahip}}
+|{{center|pu-hahip}}
-|{{center|pi-huut}}
+|{{center|pu-huut}}
-|{{center|pi-hum}}
+|{{center|pu-hum}}
 |-
 |{{center|'''Locative'''}}
-|{{center|pi-haqi}}
+|{{center|pu-haqi}}
-|{{center|pi-haq}}
+|{{center|pu-haq}}
-|{{center|pi-qix}}
+|{{center|pu-qix}}
 |-
 |{{center|'''Perlative'''}}
-|{{center|pi-hapi}}
+|{{center|pu-hapi}}
-|{{center|pij-it}}
+|{{center|puj-it}}
-|{{center|pi-pix}}
+|{{center|pu-pix}}
 |-
 |{{center|'''Similative'''}}
-|{{center|pi-hasi}}
+|{{center|pu-hasi}}
-|{{center|pi-sit}}
+|{{center|pu-sit}}
-|{{center|pi-six}}
+|{{center|pu-six}}
 |}
@@ Line 1,151: / Line 1,151: @@
 aaŋa means “but”, asiiŋ and suli mean “and”, but asiiŋ is contrastive (that is, and, in contrast)
 ===Cross-class morphology and wordhood definition===
-Nouns cannot be conjugated or negated as verbs, nor verbs, declinated. Quando um substantivo é negado, ele vira um verbo. Apenas verbos podem exibir o sufixo nominalizador -(t)iiŋu.<br>
+Nouns cannot be conjugated or negated as verbs, nor verbs, declinated. When a noun is negated, it becomes a verb. Only verbs can bear the nominalizer suffix -(ŋ)iiŋi.<br>
 Assibilation and hiatus breaking don't occur between words.
@@ Line 1,176: / Line 1,176: @@
 *Heavy-NP backing: a long noun phrase can be placed at the end of a sentence.
 *A sentence with ''as'' can be easily deleted. E.g.<br>
-:Kinahu iijuliaŋupisaxanipisa ilaasi upisaxanituaq? <br>
+:Kiŋahu iijuliaŋupisaxanipisa ilaasi upisaxanituaq? <br>
 :Who can write a story as s/he can write?<br>
 :can become<br>
-:Kinahu iijuliaŋupisaxaniggaa ''ilaa''?
+:Kiŋahu iijuliaŋupisaxaniggaa ''ilaa''?
 :Who can write a story as ''s/he''?
 *Gapping can also happen with negated verbs. For example:<br>
@@ Line 1,187: / Line 1,187: @@
 *Another kind of gapping (stripping) can occur even when the sentences' objects are different. For example:<br>
 :Qiqaaŋa hilippihahuu sajijajilugu suli ilaahuu, sul<br>
-:I ate some of the leftover breadm and s/he, cheese <br>
+:I ate some of the leftover bread and s/he, cheese <br>
 :is perfectly possible in Qasunattuuji.
 *In certain contexts, a sentence that has nothing to do with the main sentence can be inserted. For example:<br>
@@ Line 1,195: / Line 1,195: @@
 ==Example texts==
-Iluuhuusaji Haviqan (The North Wind and the Sun): Imaaŋa, igajuxiinijunikkaŋa Iluuhuusaji Haviqahuu suli Sahuu vixalilujuq kina, qaaŋalan vijuq qiihuu mujunajihuu majiyakanuugaa ayuaqujuq. Aŋigaajin mihaxxaniniagaa iŋŋahuu kinahuu mujinajihuu muugittuq ilaa maajiyahuu ilusuisihattuq vixalilujuq hinajihahip. Aaxiiŋ havijuq vixaliluxanijuq Iluuhuusaji Haviqan, vixalilujuq havijuq aaŋa kaluuqi, maajiyaviijuq mujunaji kanuukkaŋa ilaa. Aaxiiŋ xaviluni ayuaqujuq Sahuu suli uusa maajiyamuugittuq mujunaji. Qajukajijujuq malugu Iluuhuusaji Haviqahuu pit vixaligik Sahuu tuvuhuut.
+Iluuhuusaji Haviqan suli Sahuu (The North Wind and the Sun): Imaaŋa, igajuxiinijunikkaŋa Iluuhuusaji Haviqahuu suli Sahuu vixalilujuq kiŋa, qaaŋalan vijuq qiihuu mujunajihuu majiyakanuugaa ayuaqujuq. Aŋigaajin mihaxxaniniagaa iŋŋahuu kiŋahuu mujinajihuu muugittuq ilaa maajiyahuu ilusuisihattuq vixalilujuq hinajihahip. Aaxiiŋ havijuq vixaliluxanijuq Iluuhuusaji Haviqan, vixalilujuq havijuq aaŋa kaluuqi, maajiyaviijuq mujunaji kanuukkaŋa ilaa. Aaxiiŋ xaviluni ayuaqujuq Sahuu suli uusa maajiyamuugittuq mujunaji. Qajukajijujuq malugu Iluuhuusaji Haviqahuu pit vixaligik Sahuu tuvuhuut.
-/i.luː.χuːˈsa.ʐi χaˈvi.qan ˈsu.li ˈsa.χu/ (transcription): /iˈmaːŋ.a, i.ʁa.ʐu.ʂiː.ni.ʐu.nikˈkaŋ.a i.luːχuːˈsa.ʐi χa.viˈqa.χuː su.li ˈsa.χuː vi.ʂa.liˈlu.ʐuq ˈki.na, qaːŋˈa.lan ˈvi.ʐuq ˈqiː.χuː mu.ʐu.naˈʐi.χuː ma.ʐi.ja.kaˈnuː.ʁaː a.juaˈqu.ʐuq. aŋ.iˈʁaː.ʐin mi.χaʂ.ʂa.niˈnia.ʁaː iŋˈŋa.χuː kiˈna.χuː mu.ʐi.naˈʐi.χuː muːˈʁit.tuq ˈi.laː maː.ʐiˈja.χuː i.lu.sui.siˈχat.tuq vi.ʂa.liˈlu.ʐuq χi.na.ʐiˈχa.χip. ˈaː.ʂiːŋ χaˈvi.ʐuq vi.ʂa.li.lu.ʂaˈni.ʐuq i.luː.χuːˈsa.ʐi χaˈvi.qan, vi.ʂa.liˈlu.ʐuq χaˈvi.ʐuq ˈaː.ŋa kaˈluː.qi, maː.ʐi.jaˈviː.ʐuq mu.ʐuˈna.ʐi ka.nuːkˈka.ŋa ˈi.laː. ˈaː.ʂiːŋ ʂa.viˈlu.ni a.juaˈqu.ʐuq ˈsa.χuː ˈsu.li ˈuː.sa maː.ʐi.ja.muːˈʁit.tuq mu.ʐuˈna.ʐi. qa.ʐu.ka.ʐiˈʐu.ʐuq maˈlu.ɢu i.luː.χuːˈsa.ʐi χa.viˈqa.χuː pit vi.ʂaˈli.ʁik ˈsa.χuː tuˈvu.χuːt/
+/i.luː.χuːˈsa.ʐi χaˈvi.qan ˈsu.li ˈsa.χuː/ (transcription): /iˈmaːŋ.a, i.ʁa.ʐu.ʂiː.ni.ʐu.nikˈkaŋ.a i.luːχuːˈsa.ʐi χa.viˈqa.χuː su.li ˈsa.χuː vi.ʂa.liˈlu.ʐuq ˈki.na, qaːŋˈa.lan ˈvi.ʐuq ˈqiː.χuː mu.ʐu.naˈʐi.χuː ma.ʐi.ja.kaˈnuː.ʁaː a.juaˈqu.ʐuq. aŋ.iˈʁaː.ʐin mi.χaʂ.ʂa.niˈnia.ʁaː iŋˈŋa.χuː kiˈna.χuː mu.ʐi.naˈʐi.χuː muːˈʁit.tuq ˈi.laː maː.ʐiˈja.χuː i.lu.sui.siˈχat.tuq vi.ʂa.liˈlu.ʐuq χi.na.ʐiˈχa.χip. ˈaː.ʂiːŋ χaˈvi.ʐuq vi.ʂa.li.lu.ʂaˈni.ʐuq i.luː.χuːˈsa.ʐi χaˈvi.qan, vi.ʂa.liˈlu.ʐuq χaˈvi.ʐuq ˈaː.ŋa kaˈluː.qi, maː.ʐi.jaˈviː.ʐuq mu.ʐuˈna.ʐi ka.nuːkˈka.ŋa ˈi.laː. ˈaː.ʂiːŋ ʂa.viˈlu.ni a.juaˈqu.ʐuq ˈsa.χuː ˈsu.li ˈuː.sa maː.ʐi.ja.muːˈʁit.tuq mu.ʐuˈna.ʐi. qa.ʐu.ka.ʐiˈʐu.ʐuq maˈlu.ɢu i.luː.χuːˈsa.ʐi χa.viˈqa.χuː pit vi.ʂaˈli.ʁik ˈsa.χuː tuˈvu.χuːt/
 Text with gloss:<br>
@@ Line 1,203: / Line 1,203: @@
 |+
 <!-- Sentence -->
-| colspan="8"| '''Kaluusaakiiŋavijiiŋu, vuhuu tisaa tisalisaakuugnuqittuq aaq ilaa xajijattiiŋuhuu'''
+| colspan="8"| '''Kaluusaakiiŋaviŋiiŋi, vuhuu tisaal tisalisaakuugnuqittuq aaq ilaa xajijajiiŋihuu'''
 |-
 <!-- Pronunciation-->
-| colspan="8"| /kaluːsaːkiːŋaviˈʐiŋu ˈvuχuː ˈtisaː tisalisaːkuːʁnuˈqittuq aːq ˈilaː ʂaʐiʐattiŋˈuχuː/
+| colspan="8"| /kaluːsaːkiːŋaviˈʐiŋu ˈvuχuː ˈtisaːl tisalisaːkuːʁnuˈqittuq aːq ˈilaː ʂaʐiʐaʐiŋˈiχuː/
 |-
 <!-- Morphemes-->
-|<small>kaluusaakiiŋavijiiŋu</small>
+|<small>kaluusaakiiŋavijŋiiŋi</small>
 |<small>vuj-</small>
 |<small>-huu</small>
@@ Line 1,219: / Line 1,219: @@
 |<small>aaq</small>
 |<small>ilaa</small>
-|<small>xajijattiiŋu-</small>
+|<small>xajijaŋiiŋi-</small>
 |<small>-huu</small>
 |-
@@ Line 1,226: / Line 1,226: @@
 | court-
 | -{{sc|erg}}
-|winter
 | king
 | queen-
@@ Line 1,241: / Line 1,240: @@
 |}
-Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: xaxajut qaluujut suli iikujut  haniyumix taxahaqi suli mijayuqix, ihihiimixi isummiq suli sulijalaqaxannigiiŋu, igigaixaxu qiimixi hinajihim qajihajujiiŋuqi vihuu.
+Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: xaxajut qaluujut suli iikujut  haniyumixi taxahaqi suli mijayuqix, ihihiimixi isummiq suli sulijalaqaxannigiiŋu, igigaixaxu qiimixi hinajihim qajihajuŋiiŋiqi vihuu.
@@ Line 1,248: / Line 1,247: @@
 Vavilun Paaniahuu (The Tower of Babel):
 #Sajiijigaa iluqaqiluuhuu tanaqupaaluk qii, qii vipaaluhuu vipiiŋu.
-#Qavijunilugu viqixi Huusajihip, kugaat qii palit Sinnaal kulunisiluvajunu paana iŋmimix.
+#Qavijunilugu viqixi Huusajihip, kugaat qii palit Sinnaal igulunisiluvajunu paana iŋmimix.
 #Vigaix qiimixi hinajihim: “qilamihalijuŋ suli viqinalaniagivut.” Qijasulijalaqamihagaix hixamalix suli pijum laavulaluaq.
-#Huujij vijut: “kuluttiijilijuŋ sulijalaqaq paania qajiikkaŋa tayuumix. Xannigiiŋuniasijuli qanihuu suli qilukisigiput iliihuu tiqi.
+#Huujij vijut: “iguluttiijilijuŋ sulijalaqaq paania qajiikkaŋa tayuumix. Xannigiiŋuniasijuli qanihuu suli qilukisigiput iliihuu tiqi.
 #Ilusuyumajuq Pujis tijagaa kuluhuu suli paaniahuu tiijijuat viqixi.
 #Vijunu Pujis: ”Tuujiujut qiipaaluk suli tanaquvigaat qiipaaluk aakajunu tiijigaat una. Kaluuŋunaxavixanimisiagai niahuu unaxamijuat mihajut.
 #Vilik, ilusuyumali suli sulijalaqavalaujilaaput tanaquhuu vijuat mijijax qasunaminiaigaux qiimixi hinajihim.”
-#Qiluugaili Pujihuu aanahahip tiyuhi, tuujunu kuluttiiji.
+#Qiluugaili Pujihuu aanahahip tiyuhi, tuujunu iguluttiiji.
 #Aaq Vavilukulaqasujuq, aaq sulijalaqavalaujigaa tanaquhuu iluuyu. Aanahahip Pujihuu qiluugai tiyupi..
 Pahaat Uvaŋa (Lord's Prayer)<br>
-Pahaat uvaŋa, kina tayuuŋujujin:<br>
+Pahaat uvaŋa, kiŋa tayuuŋujujin:<br>
 Xaviiŋattijuniajuq  Ilivix qanihuu.<br>
 Viniajuq Ilivix Tisaattuu.<br>