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Jugsnorsk: Difference between revisions

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|pronunciation=ˈyɡ.rɐ.ˌnor̥.kʰɐ
|pronunciation=ˈyɡ.rɐ.ˌnor̥.kʰɐ
|ethnicity=Jugsnorsk
|ethnicity=Jugsnorsk
|states=[[w:Novgorod republic|Húsnorsk republic]]</br>[[w:Altai mountains|Altai mountain region]]
|states=[[w:Altai mountains|Altai mountain region]]
|fam1=[[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]
|fam1=[[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]
|fam2=[[w:Germanic Languages|Germanic]]
|fam2=[[w:Germanic Languages|Germanic]]
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|ancestor3=[[Húsnorsk]]
|ancestor3=[[Húsnorsk]]
|ancestor4={{PAGENAME}}
|ancestor4={{PAGENAME}}
|creator=[[User:Wfeozawra|Melinoë]]
|creator=[[User:Melinoë|Melinoë]]
|created=February 23rd, 2026
|created=February 23rd, 2026
|setting=
|stand1=Varhúsnorsk
|stand1=Varhúsnorsk
|familycolor=Indo-European
|familycolor=Indo-European
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|speakers=(L1) 400,000
|speakers=(L1) 400,000
|speakers2=(L2) 20,000
|speakers2=(L2) 20,000
|date=2018
|date=2020
|agency=The Húsnorsk Academy <small>(Unrecognized)</small>
|iso3=jugs
|agency=The Húsnorsk Academy
|map=File:Lang Status 80-VU.svg
|mapcaption=Jugsnorsk is classified as [[w:Vulnerable language|vulnerable]] by the UNESCO ''[[w:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger|Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]''
|notice=IPA
|notice=IPA
}}
}}
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==History==
==History==
===Middle Húsnorsk (1350AD~1600AD)===
===Early Jugsnorsk (1770AD~1850AD)===
In the early 1770's, a large exodus of Húsnorsk from Novgorod began, likely spurred on by the [[w:1770-1772 Russian plague|Russian plague]], these fleeing families would move east, into [[w:Siberia|Siberia]] (So-called "Jugra" by the Húsnorsk, from Russian [[w:Yugra|Yugra]]). These Húsnorsk were once called "Plýggnorska" ("Fleeing Norse"), though this is a [[w:pejorative|pejorative]], and they are now called "Jugsnorsk" ("Yugra's Norse").


===Common Húsnorsk (1600AD~1770AD)===
Starting around 1790, Jugsnorsk developed its defining laudative and pejorative forms through -isti and -ki respectively. These suffixes, originally augmentative and diminutive, were used so often as laudative and pejorative that they reduced down to -(i)s- and -g(i)-/-k(i)- and became new noun forms as they lost their original patterns and took on the patterns of the noun they were attached to. The original suffixes, -isti and -ki, are still used with their original meanings and patterns, as with {{term|raukki}} for example, from {{term|raunj}} and {{term|-ki}}.
In the early 1770's, a large exodus of Húsnorsk from Novgorod began, likely spurred on by the [[w:1770-1772 Russian plague|Russian plague]], these fleeing families would move east, into [[w:Siberia|Siberia]] (So-called "Jugra" by the Húsnorsk, from Russian [[w:Yugra|Yugra]]). These Húsnorsk were once called "Plýggnorska" ("Fleeing Norse"), though this is a [[w:pejorative|pejorative]], and they are now called "Jugsnorsk" ("Yugra's Norse").


===Modern Jugsnorsk (1850AD~Today)===
===Modern Jugsnorsk (1850AD~Today)===
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====Strong nouns====
====Strong nouns====
=====Common patterns=====
=====Common patterns=====
{{Jugsnorsk nouns|lem=aulj|type=c-a|ty=a|str=y|aul|oul|mean= - "hearth"}}
{{Jugsnorsk nouns c-a|lem=aulj|aul|oul|mean=hearth}}




{{Jugsnorsk nouns|lem=ǿ|type=c-i|ty=i|str=y|v=y|al|ol|ó|ǿ|ó|mean= - "awl"}}
{{Jugsnorsk nouns c-i|lem=ǿ|v=y|al|ol|ó|ǿ|ó|mean=awl}}


As can be seen with this table, nouns can be irregular, especially when it consists of a vowel followed by l, as historic l-vocalization caused additional vowel alternations on top of umlaut.
As can be seen with this table, nouns can be irregular, especially when it consists of a vowel followed by l, as historic l-vocalization caused additional vowel alternations on top of umlaut.


{{Jugsnorsk nouns|lem=ósj|type=c-u|ty=u|str=y|ós|és|mean= - "god"}}
{{Jugsnorsk nouns c-u|lem=ósj|ós|és|mean=(pagan) god}}
 
 
{{Jugsnorsk nouns c-c|lem=najlj|najl|nejl|nojl|mean=nail}}


======Feminine patterns======
The feminines have long since merged with the masculines to form the commons, this section will cover how each feminine pattern merged into the masculines. some of the feminine patterns have remained distinct in form, but still became common in treatment.


{{Jugsnorsk nouns|lem=najlj|type=c-c|ty=consonant|str=y|najl|nejl|nojl|mean= - "nail"}}
feminine ō-stem:
{{Jugsnorsk nouns c-a|lem=nasj|pej=k|nas|nos|mean=nose}}
 
feminine ōn-stem
{{Jugsnorsk nouns c-ōn|lem=akka|akk|okk|1p=akkj|2p=okkj|mean=arrow}}


=====Neuter patterns=====
=====Neuter patterns=====
(all outdated)
{{Jugsnorsk nouns n-a|lem=mó|1l=mó|mál|mó|mól|mean=language}}
{{Jugsnorsk nouns n-a|mál-|mó-|mól-||m= - "Language"}}
{{Jugsnorsk nouns n-a|lem=ísladd|ísladd|íslodd|mean=icy land|notes=forms where -g isn't followed by a vowel are occasionally seen as -gi}}


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
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Strong verbs have been falling out of use since the 17th century, and most verbs that once were strong are now weak, especially in Jugsnorsk, which is far more inclined to grammatical change than Nygadsnorsk.
Strong verbs have been falling out of use since the 17th century, and most verbs that once were strong are now weak, especially in Jugsnorsk, which is far more inclined to grammatical change than Nygadsnorsk.
An example of this is the verb "lýga".
{{Jugsnorsk verbs w|lem=lýga|lýg-}}


=====Class 1=====
=====Class 1=====
 
{{Jugsnorsk verbs s|lem=grípa|type=1|gríp-|grip-}}
=====Class 2=====
=====Class 2=====
{{Jugsnorsk verbs s|lem=lýga|type=2|lýg-|lug-}}
=====Class 3=====
=====Class 3=====
{{Jugsnorsk verbs s|lem=sykka|type=3|sykk-|sukk-}}
=====Class 4=====
=====Class 4=====
=====Class 5=====
=====Class 5=====
{{Jugsnorsk verbs s|lem=geta|pastpart=gát-tj|type=5|get-|1s=gez-|gát-|2t=gáz-|2s=gáz-}}
{{Jugsnorsk verbs s|lem=gata|pastpart=tj|type=5|gat-|gát-}}
 
=====Class 6=====
=====Class 6=====
=====Class 7=====
=====Class 7=====
 
{{Jugsnorsk verbs s|lem=gagga|type=7|gagg-|gegg-}}
 
the -gg- of ''gagga'' acts as a good example for the -gg- > -j- change exhibited by many younger speakers in common verbs.


====Weak verbs====
====Weak verbs====
weak verbs have largely been leveled to one or two patterns, now called weak and j-weak. This first verb, ''bǿgja'', is a j-weak.
weak verbs have largely been leveled to one or two patterns, now called weak and j-weak. This first verb, ''bǿgja'', is a j-weak.
{{Jugsnorsk verbs w|lem=bǿgja|j=y|m= - "to bend, bow"|bǿg-}}
{{Jugsnorsk verbs w|lem=bǿgja|m= - "to bend, bow"|bǿg|1j=bǿ(g)j}}


This next verb, ''hava'', is a plain weak.
This next verb, ''hava'', is a plain weak.
{{Jugsnorsk verbs w|lem=hava|j=n|m= - "to have"|hav-}}
{{Jugsnorsk verbs w|lem=hava|j=n|m= - "to have"|hav}}
''hava'' rarely appears in its full form anymore, instead more often appearing as'' 'va''
{{Jugsnorsk verbs w|lem='va|j=n|m= - "to have"|'v}}


====Suppletive verbs====
====Suppletive verbs====
Jugsnorsk has a few suppletive verbs in which some forms were replaced by another verb's forms.
Jugsnorsk has a few suppletive verbs in which some forms were replaced by another verb's forms.


This first verb is the main copula.
This first verb is the main copula. Though the tables presented here are fully regular as a strong 5 verb, forms exist which aren't, the Contionary page should be seen for these.
{|
{{Jugsnorsk verbs s|type=5|lem=vaja|m=|vaj-|váj-|1js=vé-|2js=vé-}}
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
{{Jugsnorsk verbs s|type=5|lem=ǫja|m=|ǫj-|ǫ́j-|1js=ǿ|2js=ǿ}}
| {{Jugsnorsk veja|lem=véja|m=|véj-|éj-|vé-|é-}}
| {{Jugsnorsk veja|lem=ǿja|m=|ǿj-|éj-|ǿ-|é-}}
|}


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
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These following examples will serve to illustrate sentence construction in Jugsnorsk. (subject in yellow, verb in blue, object in red).
These following examples will serve to illustrate sentence construction in Jugsnorsk. (subject in yellow, verb in blue, object in red).


:'''''<span style="color:black"><span style="background-color:#fad67d">mānpǿdīn</span> <span style="background-color:#abd5f5">vé</span> <span style="background-color:#ff9090"> 1.500</span> </span>'''''—''The population was 1,500''
:'''''<span style="color:black"><span style="background-color:#fad67d">mānpǿdī</span> <span style="background-color:#abd5f5">vé</span> <span style="background-color:#ff9090"> 1.500</span> </span>'''''—''The population was 1,500''
In this example, the word order matches English relatively well, and we see "wą" ("was") in the second position.
In this example, the word order matches English relatively well, and we see "wą" ("was") in the second position.


In this next example, we see it break away from English order, with the verb still occupying V2 position.
In this next example, we see it break away from English order, with the verb still occupying V2 position.
:'''''<span style="color:black"><span style="background-color:#90ff90">árit 2000</span> <span style="background-color:#abd5f5">vé</span> <span style="background-color:#fad67d">mānpǿdīn</span> <span style="background-color:#ff9090">1.500</span></span>'''''—''In 2000, the population was 1,500'' (lit. ''The year 2000 was the population 1,500'')
:'''''<span style="color:black"><span style="background-color:#90ff90">árit 2000</span> <span style="background-color:#abd5f5">vé</span> <span style="background-color:#fad67d">mānpǿdī</span> <span style="background-color:#ff9090">1.500</span></span>'''''—''In 2000, the population was 1,500'' (lit. ''The year 2000 was the population 1,500'')
The prepositional phrase "árit 2000" (in green) counts as a single unit, thus the verb must come after ''2000'' rather than ''árit''.
The prepositional phrase "árit 2000" (in green) counts as a single unit, thus the verb must come after ''2000'' rather than ''árit''.


Unlike Icelandic, V2 order has no exceptions, as SV inversion isn't used for yes/no questions. In the following example, you'll see one method of question marking:
Unlike Icelandic, V2 order has no exceptions, as SV inversion isn't used for yes/no questions. In the following example, you'll see one method of question marking:
:'''''Ari havi sútīn''''' — ''Ari is hungry'' (lit. ''Ari has hungry'')
:'''''Ari havi sútī''''' — ''Ari is hungry'' (lit. ''Ari has hungry'')
and as a question:
and as a question:
:'''''Ari havi sútīn?''''' — ''Is Ari hungry?'' (lit. ''Ari has hungry?'')
:'''''Ari havi sútī?''''' — ''Is Ari hungry?'' (lit. ''Ari has hungry?'')
Here you see the most common form of question, one without grammatical change, these use a rising vocal intonation as their marking (or a question mark in writing).
Here you see the most common form of question, one without grammatical change, these use a rising vocal intonation as their marking (or a question mark in writing).


Another method is SO inversion, as in:
Another method is SO inversion, as in:
:'''''sútīn havi Ari?''''' — ''Is Ari hungry?'' (lit. ''Hungry has Ari?'')
:'''''sútī havi Ari?''''' — ''Is Ari hungry?'' (lit. ''Hungry has Ari?'')


Something important you'll notice here is the use of "to have" where "to be" is used in other Germanic languages, this is a feature of Húsnorsk where permanent attributes use "to be" while temporary states use "to have", thus:
Something important you'll notice here is the use of "to have" where "to be" is used in other Germanic languages, this is a feature of Húsnorsk where permanent attributes use "to be" while temporary states use "to have", thus:
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:[ˌɛk ˈdrøːː.ðʊ ˌmik ɐ ˈdrøːːs i ˈnɐu̯t uː : ˈsʏy̯.kɪs ɔ ˈfʏy̯tʰ]
:[ˌɛk ˈdrøːː.ðʊ ˌmik ɐ ˈdrøːːs i ˈnɐu̯t uː : ˈsʏy̯.kɪs ɔ ˈfʏy̯tʰ]


#"a"/"ą" is a filler syllable to pad the line out, it has no semantic meaning.
#"a" is a filler syllable to make it flow better, it has no semantic meaning.


'''English''':
'''English''':
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