Oltic: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|image = Oltic coat of arms.jpg | |image = Oltic coat of arms.jpg | ||
| Line 261: | Line 260: | ||
{| style="background: none" | {| style="background: none" | ||
|+ ''' | |+ '''Old Oltic noun declensions''' | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="4"| masculine/feminine<br>o-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|DU}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| -ος || rowspan="2"| -οι | | -ος || rowspan="3"| -ου || rowspan="2"| -οι | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
| Line 278: | Line 277: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| -ι || -ον | | -ι || -ους || -ον | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | ! {{gcl|DAT}} | ||
| -υι || -οβος | | -υι || -οβον || -οβος | ||
|} | |} | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="4"| neuter<br>o-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|DU}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| rowspan="3"| -ον || rowspan="3"| -η | | rowspan="3"| -ον || rowspan="3"| -ου || rowspan="3"| -η | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
| Line 297: | Line 296: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| -ι || -ον | | -ι || -ους || -ον | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | ! {{gcl|DAT}} | ||
| -υι || -οβος | | -υι || -οβον || -οβος | ||
|} | |} | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="4"| masculine/feminine<br>ē-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|DU}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| rowspan="2"| -η || rowspan="3"| -ης | | rowspan="2"| -η || rowspan="3"| -αι || rowspan="3"| -ης | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
| Line 317: | Line 316: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| -ης || -ον | | -ης || -ους || -ον | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | ! {{gcl|DAT}} | ||
| -ηι || -ηβος | | -ηι || -ηβον || -ηβος | ||
|} | |} | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="4"| neuter<br>ē-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|DU}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| -ης || rowspan="3"| -ης | | -ης || rowspan="3"| -αι || rowspan="3"| -ης | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
| Line 338: | Line 337: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| -ης || -ον | | -ης || -ους || -ον | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | ! {{gcl|DAT}} | ||
| -ηι || -ηβος | | -ηι || -ηβον || -ηβος | ||
|} | |||
|} | |} | ||
{| style="background: none" | |||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="4"| masculine/feminine<br>i-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|DU}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| -ις || rowspan="3"| -ις | | -ις || rowspan="3"| -ι || rowspan="3"| -ις | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
| Line 359: | Line 360: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| -εις || -ιον | | -εις || -ιου || -ιον | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | ! {{gcl|DAT}} | ||
| -ει || -ιβος | | -ει || -ιβον || -ιβος | ||
|} | |} | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="4"| neuter<br>i-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|DU}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| rowspan="3"| -ι || rowspan="3"| -ιη | | colspan="2" rowspan="3"| -ι || rowspan="3"| -ιη | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
| Line 378: | Line 379: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| -εις || -ιον | | -εις || -ιους || -ιον | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | ! {{gcl|DAT}} | ||
| -ει || -ιβος | | -ει || -ιβον || -ιβος | ||
|} | |} | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="4"| masculine/feminine<br>u-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|DU}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| rowspan=" | | -ους || rowspan="3"| -ου || rowspan="2"| -ϝες | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
| -ου | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
| - | | -ουν || -ους | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| - | | colspan="2"| -ους || -ϝον | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | ! {{gcl|DAT}} | ||
| - | | -ου || -ουβον || -ουβος | ||
|} | |} | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="4"| neuter<br>u-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|DU}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| rowspan=" | | colspan="2" rowspan="3"| -ου || rowspan="3"| -ϝη | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| - | | colspan="2"| -ους || -ϝον | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | ! {{gcl|DAT}} | ||
| - | | -ου || -ουβον || -ουβος | ||
|} | |} | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="4"| masculine/feminine<br>n-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|DU}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| rowspan="2"| - | | rowspan="2"| -ον || rowspan="3"| -ονε || rowspan="2"| -ονες | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
| - | | -οναν || -ονης | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| - | | -ονος || -ονου || -ονον | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | ! {{gcl|DAT}} | ||
| - | | -ονει || -ομβον || -ομβος | ||
|} | |} | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="4"| neuter<br>n-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|DU}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| - | | rowspan="2"| -αν || rowspan="3"| -ανε || rowspan="2"| -ανες | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
| - | | -αναν || -ανης | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| - | | -ανος || -ανου || -ανον | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | ! {{gcl|DAT}} | ||
| - | | -ανει || -αμβον || -αμβος | ||
|} | |||
|} | |} | ||
{| style="background: none" | |||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="4"| ī-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|DU}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| rowspan="2"| - | | rowspan="2"| -ι || rowspan="3"| -ι || rowspan="2"| -ιης | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
| - | | -ιν || -ις | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| - | | -ιης || -ιους || -ιον | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | ! {{gcl|DAT}} | ||
| - | | -ιαι || -ιηβον || -ιηβος | ||
|} | |} | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="4"| r-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|DU}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| - | | rowspan="2"| -ιρ || rowspan="3"| -ερε || rowspan="2"| -ερες | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
| - | | -εραν || -ερης | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| - | | -ρος || -ρου || -ρον | ||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -ρει || -ρεβον || -ρεβος | |||
|} | |} | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="4"| s-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|DU}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| rowspan="3"| - | | -ος || rowspan="3"| -εσε || rowspan="2"| -εσες | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
| -ες | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
| -εσαν || -εσης | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| - | | -εσος || -εσου || -εσον | ||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -εσει || -εσεβον || -εσεβος | |||
|} | |} | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="4"| consonant-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|DU}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| rowspan="2"| - | | rowspan="2"| -ς/ξ || rowspan="3"| -ε || rowspan="2"| -ες | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
| - | | -αν || -ης | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| - | | -ος || -ου || -ον | ||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -ει || -οβον || -οβος | |||
|} | |||
|} | |} | ||
{| style="background: none" | |||
|+ '''Middle Oltic noun declensions''' | |||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan="3"| | ! colspan="3"| masculine/feminine<br>o-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| - | | -ος || rowspan="2"| -οι | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
| - | | -ε | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
| - | | -ον || -ους | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| - | | -ι || -ον | ||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -υι || -οβος | |||
|} | |} | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan="3"| | ! colspan="3"| neuter<br>o-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| - | | rowspan="3"| -ον || rowspan="3"| -η | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| - | | -ι || -ον | ||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -υι || -οβος | |||
|} | |} | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan="3"| | ! colspan="3"| masculine/feminine<br>ē-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| rowspan=" | | rowspan="2"| -η || rowspan="3"| -ης | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
| -ην | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| - | | -ης || -ον | ||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -ηι || -ηβος | |||
|} | |} | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan="3"| | ! colspan="3"| neuter<br>ē-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| -ης || rowspan="3"| -ης | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
| -η | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
| - | | -ην | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| - | | -ης || -ον | ||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -ηι || -ηβος | |||
|} | |} | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan="3"| | ! colspan="3"| masculine/feminine<br>i-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| -ις || rowspan="3"| -ις | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
| -ι | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
| - | | -ιν | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| - | | -εις || -ιον | ||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -ει || -ιβος | |||
|} | |} | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan="3"| | ! colspan="3"| neuter<br>i-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| rowspan=" | | rowspan="3"| -ι || rowspan="3"| -ιη | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| - | | -εις || -ιον | ||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -ει || -ιβος | |||
|} | |} | ||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan="3"| | ! colspan="3"| masculine/feminine<br>n-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| - | | rowspan="2"| -ον || rowspan="2"| -ονες | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
| - | | -οναν || -ονης | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| - | | -ονος || -ονον | ||
|} | |- | ||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -ονει || -ομβος | |||
|} | |||
| valign="top" | | | valign="top" | | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan="3"| | ! colspan="3"| neuter<br>n-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| rowspan="2"| - | | rowspan="2"| -αν || rowspan="2"| -ανες | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
| - | | -αναν || -ανης | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| - | | -ανος || -ανον | ||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -ανει || -αμβος | |||
|} | |} | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| style="background: none" | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! | ! colspan="3"| r-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| -{ | | rowspan="2"| -ιρας || rowspan="2"| -ιρες | ||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | |||
| -ιραν || -ιρης | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| -ιρος || -ιρον | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -ιρει || -ιρεβος | |||
|} | |} | ||
= | | valign="top" | | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="3"| s-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| | | -ος || rowspan="2"| -εσες | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
| -ες | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
| | | -εσαν || -εσης | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| | | -εσος || -εσον | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! {{gcl|DAT}} | ||
| -εσει || -εσεβος | |||
| | |} | ||
| valign="top" | | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | |||
! colspan="3"| consonant-stem | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| | | rowspan="2"| -ς/ξ || rowspan="2"| -ες | ||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | |||
| -αν || -ης | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| -ος || -ον | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! {{gcl|DAT}} | ||
| | | -ει || -οβος | ||
|} | |||
|} | |} | ||
= | {| style="background: none" | ||
|+ '''Modern Oltic noun declensions''' | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan="3 | ! colspan="3"| masculine/feminine<br>o-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| -ος || rowspan="2"| -οι | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
| - | | -ε | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
| - | | -ον || -ους | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| - | | -ι || -ον | ||
|} | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | |||
! colspan="3"| neuter<br>o-stem | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| rowspan="3"| -ον || rowspan="3"| -η | |||
| - | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| - | | -ι || -ον | ||
|} | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | |||
! colspan="3"| masculine/feminine<br>ē-stem | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| rowspan="2"| -η || rowspan="3"| -ης | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
| - | |- | ||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | |||
| -ην | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| -ης || -ον | |||
|} | |} | ||
| valign="top" | | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan="3 | ! colspan="3"| neuter<br>ē-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| -ης || rowspan="3"| -ης | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
| - | | -η | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
| - | | -ην | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| - | | -ης || -ον | ||
|} | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | |||
! colspan="3"| masculine/feminine<br>i-stem | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| -ις || rowspan="3"| -ις | |||
| - | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
| -ι | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
| - | | -ιν | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| - | | -εις || -ιον | ||
|} | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | |||
! colspan="3"| neuter<br>i-stem | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| rowspan="3"| -ι || rowspan="3"| -ιη | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| -εις || -ιον | |||
|} | |||
| | | valign="top" | | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | |||
! colspan="3"| masculine/feminine<br>n-stem | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| | | rowspan="2"| -ον || rowspan="2"| -ονες | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
| - | | -οναν || -ονης | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
! {{gcl| | | -ονος || -ονον | ||
| - | |} | ||
| valign="top" | | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | |||
! colspan="3"| neuter<br>n-stem | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| - | | rowspan="2"| -αν || rowspan="2"| -ανες | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
| - | | -αναν || -ανης | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| -ανος || -ανον | |||
| | |} | ||
| | |} | ||
{| style="background: none" | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan="3 | ! colspan="3"| r-stem | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! {{gcl|NOM}} | ||
| rowspan="2"| -ιρας || rowspan="2"| -ιρες | |||
| - | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
| - | | -ιραν || -ιρης | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| - | | -ιρος || -ιρον | ||
|} | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | |||
! colspan="3"| s-stem | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | |||
! {{gcl| | | -ος || rowspan="2"| -εσες | ||
| - | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|VOC}} | ||
| -ες | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
| - | | -εσαν || -εσης | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| - | | -εσος || -εσον | ||
|} | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | |||
! colspan="3"| consonant-stem | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl| | ! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
| - | |- | ||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | |||
| rowspan="2"| -ς/ξ || rowspan="2"| -ες | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! {{gcl|ACC}} | ||
| -αν || -ης | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| - | | -ος || -ον | ||
|} | |||
|} | |} | ||
Final consonants in nominative singular consonant-stem nouns reduce as follows. | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | |||
! δ, ζ, θ, σ, τ | |||
! rowspan="3"| -ς | |||
| -ς | |||
|- | |||
{ | ! β, γ, κ, ξ, π, φ, χ, ψ, ϝ | ||
| -ξ | |||
=== | |- | ||
! λ, μ, ν, ρ | |||
| -{λ/ν/ν/ρ}ς | |||
|} | |||
====Pronouns==== | |||
Unlike nouns, pronouns do not inflect. See Contionary for Old and Middle forms. | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="2"| !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|POSS}}.{{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|POSS}}.{{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|REFL}} !! {{gcl|RECP}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|1}} | |||
| μί || σνίς || μοί || ὰσρον || ζεῖμ || μίζε | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ! colspan="2"| {{gcl|2}} | ||
|- | | τού || ζίς || τωύ || ζὲσρος || ζεῖτ || τούζε | ||
! rowspan="8" | | |- | ||
! rowspan="4" | {{gcl|DEF}} | ! rowspan="3"| {{gcl|3}} | ||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | ! {{gcl|M}} | ||
| -ος || rowspan="2"| -οι || rowspan="2"| -η || rowspan="3"| -ης || rowspan="3"| -ον || rowspan="3"| -η | | ές || εῖς || colspan="2"| ζῶ || ζεῖς || rowspan="3"| σεῖ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | ! {{gcl|F}} | ||
| -ε | | σί || σῖ || colspan="2"| ζῆς || ζὲς | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | ! {{gcl|N}} | ||
| -ον || -ους || -ην | | έδ || εῖδ || colspan="2"| ζῶν || ζεῖδ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | ! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|Q}}/{{gcl|REL}} | ||
| -ι || -ον || -ης || -ον || -ι || -ον | ! {{gcl|M}}/{{gcl|F}} | ||
|- | | colspan="2"| πεῖς || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="4" rowspan="5"| | ||
! rowspan="4" | {{gcl|INDEF}} | |- | ||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | ! {{gcl|N}} | ||
| -οσες || rowspan="2"| -οις || rowspan="2"| -ησι || rowspan="3"| -ησσι || rowspan="3"| -ονεδ || rowspan="3"| -ηδ | | colspan="2"| πίδ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | ! colspan="2"| {{gcl|INDEF}} | ||
| -ες | | colspan="2"| πέ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | ! colspan="2"| {{gcl|NEG}} | ||
| -ονες || -ουσες || -ηνσι | | colspan="2"| νέπε | ||
|- | |} | ||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| -ις || -ονες || -ησσι || -ονσι || -ιδ || -ονεδ | ===Verbs=== | ||
|- | Verbs inflect for tense, aspect, mood, voice (though some verbs are deponent), and subject person and number. Some verbs have suppletive marking for future tense. | ||
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" | !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|N}} | |||
{| style="background: none" | |||
|+ '''Modern Oltic verb conjugations''' | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | |||
! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 1st Conjugation !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IND}} | |||
! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|ACT}} | |||
! {{gcl|PRES}} | |||
| -ου || -εσι || -ετι || -ομου || -ετε || -οντι || -οντος || -ϝος | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| -του || -τες || -τ || -τομου || -τετε || -τον || -ομνος || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="5"| | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| -ενεν || -ιτου || -ε || -εμες || -ετες || -εντες || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="3"| | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| -ην || -ησι || -ητι || -ημες || -ητε || -ηντι | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| -ητεν || -ητεσι || -ητετι || -ητεμες || -ητετε || -ητεντι | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|MID}} | |||
! {{gcl|PRES}} | |||
| -ου || -ετα || -ετο || -ομο || -εϝε || -οντο || -ετιος | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || -το || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || -τουνς || -τος || rowspan="2"| -τουος | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| -ετει || -εντις || -ζος | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| -η || -ητα || -ητο || -ημο || -ηϝε || -ηντο || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="4"| | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| -ητε || -ητετα || -ητετο || -ητεμο || -ητεϝε || -ητεντο | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IMP}} | |||
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|ACT}} | |||
| style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="2"| || -ι || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || -ετις || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="2"| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|MID}} | |||
| -ετα || -εϝε | |||
|} | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | |||
! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 2nd Conjugation !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IND}} | |||
! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|ACT}} | |||
! {{gcl|PRES}} | |||
| -α || -ασι || -ατι || -ομου || -ατε || -οντι || -οντος || -ϝος | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| -του || -τες || -τ || -τομου || -τετε || -τον || -ομνος || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="5"| | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| -ανεν || -ιτου || -α || -αμες || -ατες || -αντες || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="3"| | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| -ην || -ησι || -ητι || -ημες || -ητε || -ηντι | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| -ητεν || -ητεσι || -ητετι || -ητεμες || -ητετε || -ητεντι | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|MID}} | |||
! {{gcl|PRES}} | |||
| -ου || -ατα || -ατο || -ομο || -αϝε || -οντο || -ατιος | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || -το || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || -τουνς || -τος || rowspan="2"| -τουος | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| -ατει || -αντις || -ζος | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| -η || -ητα || -ητο || -ημο || -ηϝε || -ηντο || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="4"| | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| -ητε || -ητετα || -ητετο || -ητεμο || -ητεϝε || -ητεντο | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IMP}} | |||
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|ACT}} | |||
| style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="2"| || -ι || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || -ατις || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="2"| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|MID}} | |||
| -ατα || -αϝε | |||
|} | |||
|} | |||
{| style="background: none" | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | |||
! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 3rd Conjugation !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IND}} | |||
! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|ACT}} | |||
! {{gcl|PRES}} | |||
| -η || -ησι || -ητι || -ημου || -ητε || -ηντι || -ηντος || -ηϝος | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| -ησσου || colspan="2" | -ησσι || -ησσομου || -ησσετε || -ησσον || -ημνος || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="5"| | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| -ηνεν || -ητου || -η || -ημες || -ητες || -ηντες || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="3"| | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| -ιζημι || -ιζησι || -ιζητι || -ιζημος || -ιζητε || -ιζηντι | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| -ιζητεμι || -ιζητεσι || -ιζητετι || -ιζητεμος || -ιζητετε || -ιζητεντι | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|MID}} | |||
! {{gcl|PRES}} | |||
| -η || -ητα || rowspan="2" | -ητο || -ημο || -ηϝε || -ηντο || -ητιος | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || -ητουνς || -ητος || rowspan="2"| -ητουος | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| -ητει || -ηντις || -ηζος | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| -ιζη || -ιζητα || -ιζητο || -ιζημο || -ιζηϝε || -ιζηντο || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="4"| | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| -ιζητε || -ιζητετα || -ιζητετο || -ιζητεμο || -ιζητεϝε || -ιζητεντο | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IMP}} | |||
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|ACT}} | |||
| style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="2"| || -η || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || -ητις || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="2"| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|MID}} | |||
| -ητρις || -ηϝε | |||
|} | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | |||
! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 4th Conjugation !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IND}} | |||
! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|ACT}} | |||
! {{gcl|PRES}} | |||
| -ι || -ισι || -ιτι || -ιμου || -ιτε || -ιντι || -ιντος || -ιϝος | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| -ισσου || colspan="2" | -ισσι || -ισσομου || -ισσετε || -ισσον || -ιμνος || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="5"| | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| -ινεν || -ιτου || -ι || -ιμες || -ιτες || -ιντες || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="3"| | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| -ιζιμι || -ιζισι || -ιζιτι || -ιζιμος || -ιζιτε || -ιζιντι | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| -ιζιτεμι || -ιζιτεσι || -ιζιτετι || -ιζιτεμος || -ιζιτετε || -ιζιτεντι | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|MID}} | |||
! {{gcl|PRES}} | |||
| -ι || -ιτα || rowspan="2" | -ιτο || -ιμο || -ιϝε || -ιντο || -ιτιος | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || -ιτουνς || -ιτος || rowspan="2"| -ιτουος | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| -ιτει || -ιντις || -ιζος | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| -ιζι || -ιζιτα || -ιζιτο || -ιζιμο || -ιζιϝε || -ιζιντο || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="4"| | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| -ιζιτε || -ιζιτετα || -ιζιτετο || -ιζιτεμο || -ιζιτεϝε || -ιζιτεντο | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IMP}} | |||
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|ACT}} | |||
| style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="2"| || -ι || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || -ιτις || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="2"| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|MID}} | |||
| -ιτρις || -ιϝε | |||
|} | |||
|} | |||
*Participles are o-stem adjectives, but when used adverbially may have no suffix. | |||
*Active gerunds are consonant-stem nouns, and outside of nominative singular end in ''-ν-''. | |||
*Mediopassive gerunds are o-stem nouns. | |||
*Old and Middle Oltic also have an infinitive form ''-ουνει'' for all conjugations. | |||
Some 1st-conjugation verbs with historical *-y- infixes have irregular changes in ''-τ-'' forms and ''-ζος'', most often loss of stem-final ''ι-'', "shortening" of the previous vowel (''η, ει, ωυ'' becoming ''α, ε, ο'' and/or falling tone becoming high or rising tone), or stem-final ''ζ-'' becoming a different consonant. | |||
====Copula==== | |||
The copula inflects for the same categories as other verbs, plus positive and negative forms, and prohibitive forms of the negative. | |||
'''Modern Oltic copulae''' | |||
{{lyti-table-cop|article=1}} | |||
===Adjectives=== | |||
Adjectives agree with their head noun in case, number, gender, and definiteness. They may also be marked as comparative or superlative. | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | |||
|+ '''Old Oltic adjective declensions''' | |||
! colspan="11" | o-stem | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|N}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}}!! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5" | | |||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | |||
| -ος | |||
| rowspan="3" | -ου|| rowspan="2" | -οι || rowspan="2"| -η | |||
| rowspan="3" | -αι|| rowspan="3" | -ης || rowspan="3"| -ον | |||
| rowspan="3" | -ου|| rowspan="3" | -η | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | |||
| -ε | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | |||
| -ον || -ους || -ην | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| -ι | |||
| -ους|| -ον || -ης | |||
| -ους|| -ον || -ι | |||
| -ους|| -ον | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -υι | |||
| -οβον|| -οβος || -ηι | |||
| -ηβον|| -ηβος || -υι | |||
| -οβον|| -οβος | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|N}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5" | {{gcl|COMP}} | |||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | |||
| -ιος | |||
| rowspan="3" | -ιου|| rowspan="2" | -ιοι || rowspan="2" | -ιη | |||
| rowspan="3" | -ιαι|| rowspan="3" | -ιης || rowspan="3" | -ιον | |||
| rowspan="3" | -ιου|| rowspan="3" | -ιη | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | |||
| -ιε | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | |||
| -ιον || -ιους || -ιην | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| -ιι | |||
| -ιους|| -ιον || -ιης | |||
| -ιους|| -ιον || -ιι | |||
| -ιους|| -ιον | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -ιυιος | |||
| -ιοβον|| -ιοβος || -ιηι | |||
| -ιηβον|| -ιηβος || -ιυιος | |||
| -ιοβον|| -ιοβος | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|N}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5" | {{gcl|SUP}} | |||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | |||
| -αμος | |||
| rowspan="3" | -αμου|| rowspan="2" | -αμοι || rowspan="2" | -αμη | |||
| rowspan="3" | -αμαι|| rowspan="3" | -αμης || rowspan="3" | -αμον | |||
| rowspan="3" | -αμου|| rowspan="3" | -αμη | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | |||
| -αμε | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | |||
| -αμον || -αμους || -αμην | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| -αμι | |||
| -αμους|| -αμον || -αμης | |||
| -αμους|| -αμον || -αμι | |||
| -αμους|| -αμον | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -αμυι | |||
| -αμοβον|| -αμοβος || -αμηι | |||
| -αμηβον|| -αμηβος || -αμυι | |||
| -αμοβον|| -αμοβος | |||
|} | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | |||
! colspan="12" | i-stem | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" | !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|N}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5" | | |||
! rowspan="5" | {{gcl|DEF}} | |||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | |||
| -ις | |||
| rowspan="3" | -ι|| rowspan="3" | -ις || -ις | |||
| rowspan="3" | -ι|| rowspan="3" | -ις || colspan="2" rowspan="3" | -ι || rowspan="3"| -ιη | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | |||
| -ι || -ι | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | |||
| -ιν || -ιν | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| -εις | |||
| -ιου|| -ιον || -εις | |||
| -ιου|| -ιον || -εις | |||
| -ιους|| -ιον | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -ει | |||
| -ιβον|| -ιβος || -ει | |||
| -ιβον|| -ιβος || -ει | |||
| -ιβον|| -ιβος | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" | !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|N}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5" | {{gcl|COMP}} | |||
! rowspan="5" | {{gcl|DEF}} | |||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | |||
| -ιις | |||
| rowspan="3" | -ιι|| rowspan="3" | -ιις || -ιις | |||
| rowspan="3" | -ιι|| rowspan="3" | -ιις || colspan="2" rowspan="3" | -ιι || rowspan="3" | -ιη | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | |||
| -ιι || -ιι | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | |||
| -ιιν || -ιιν | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| -ιεις | |||
| -ιιου|| -ιον || -ιεις | |||
| -ιιου|| -ιον || -ιεις | |||
| -ιιου|| -ιον | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -ιει | |||
| -ιιβον|| -ιιβος || -ιει | |||
| -ιιβον|| -ιιβος || -ιει | |||
| -ιιβον|| -ιιβος | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" | !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|N}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5" | {{gcl|SUP}} | |||
! rowspan="5" | {{gcl|DEF}} | |||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | |||
| -αμις | |||
| rowspan="3" | -αμι|| rowspan="3" | -αμις || -αμις | |||
| rowspan="3" | -αμι|| rowspan="3" | -αμις || colspan="2" rowspan="3" | -αμι || rowspan="3" | -αμιη | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | |||
| -αμι || -αμι | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | |||
| -αμιν || -αμιν | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| -αμεις | |||
| -αμιου|| -αμιον || -αμεις | |||
| -αμιου|| -αμιον || -αμεις | |||
| -αμιους|| -αμιον | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -αμει | |||
| -αμιβον|| -αμιβος || -αμει | |||
| -αμιβον|| -αμιβος || -αμει | |||
| -αμιβον|| -αμιβος | |||
|} | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | |||
! colspan="12" | u-stem | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" | !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|N}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5" | | |||
! rowspan="5" | {{gcl|DEF}} | |||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | |||
| -ους | |||
| rowspan="3" | -ου|| rowspan="2" | -ϝες || -ους | |||
| rowspan="3" | -ου|| rowspan="3" | -ϝες || colspan="2" rowspan="3" | -ου || rowspan="3" | -ϝη | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | |||
| -ου || -ου | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | |||
| -ουν | |||
| -ους|| -ουν | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| colspan="2" | -ους || -ϝον || colspan="2" | -ους || -ϝον || colspan="2" | -ους || -ϝον | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -ου | |||
| -ουβον|| -ουβος || -ου | |||
| -ουβον|| -ουβος || -ου | |||
| -ουβον|| -ουβος | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" | !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|N}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5" | {{gcl|COMP}} | |||
! rowspan="5" | {{gcl|DEF}} | |||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | |||
| -ιους | |||
| rowspan="3" | -ιου|| rowspan="2" | -ιϝες || -ιους | |||
| rowspan="3" | -ιου|| rowspan="3" | -ιϝες || colspan="2" rowspan="3" | -ιου || rowspan="3" | -ιϝη | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | |||
| -ιου || -ιου | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | |||
| -ιουν | |||
| -ιους|| -ιουν | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| colspan="2" | -ιους || -ιϝον || colspan="2" | -ιους || -ιϝον || colspan="2" | -ιους || -ιϝον | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -ιου | |||
| -ιουβον|| -ιουβος || -ιου | |||
| -ιουβον|| -ιουβος || -ιου | |||
| -ιουβον|| -ιουβος | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" | !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="3" | {{gcl|N}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} | |||
!{{gcl|DU}}!! {{gcl|PL}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5" | {{gcl|SUP}} | |||
! rowspan="5" | {{gcl|DEF}} | |||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | |||
| -αμους | |||
| rowspan="3" | -αμου|| rowspan="2" | -αμες || -αμους | |||
| rowspan="3" | -αμου|| rowspan="3" | -αμες || colspan="2" rowspan="3" | -αμου || rowspan="3" | -αμη | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | |||
| -αμου || -αμου | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | |||
| -αμουν | |||
| -αμους|| -αμουν | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| colspan="2" | -αμους || -αμον || colspan="2" | -αμους || -αμον || colspan="2" | -αμους || -αμον | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -αμου | |||
| -αμουβον|| -αμουβος || -αμου | |||
| -αμουβον|| -αμουβος || -αμου | |||
| -αμουβον|| -αμουβος | |||
|} | |||
{| style="background: none" | |||
|+ '''Middle Oltic adjective declensions''' | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | |||
! colspan="9"| o-stem | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" | !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|N}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="10" | | |||
! rowspan="5" | {{gcl|DEF}} | |||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | |||
| -ος || rowspan="2"| -οι || rowspan="2"| -η || rowspan="3"| -ης || rowspan="3"| -ον || rowspan="3"| -η | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | |||
| -ε | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | |||
| -ον || -ους || -ην | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| -ι || -ον || -ης || -ον || -ι || -ον | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -υι || -οβος || -ηι || -ηβος || -υι || -οβος | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5" | {{gcl|INDEF}} | |||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | |||
| -οσες || rowspan="2"| -οιες || rowspan="2"| -ησι || rowspan="3"| -ησσι || rowspan="3"| -ονεδ || rowspan="3"| -ηεδ | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | |||
| -ες | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | |||
| -ονες || -ουσες || -ηνσι | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| -ιες || -ονες || -ησσι || -ονσι || -ιεδ || -ονεδ | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -υιες || -οβοσες || -ηισι || -ηβοσσι || -υιεδ || -οβοσεδ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" | !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|N}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="10" | {{gcl|COMP}} | |||
! rowspan="5" | {{gcl|DEF}} | |||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | |||
| -ιος || rowspan="2"| -ιοι || rowspan="2"| -ιη || rowspan="3"| -ιης || rowspan="3"| -ιον || rowspan="3"| -ιη | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | |||
| -ιε | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | |||
| -ιον || -ιους || -ιην | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| -ιι || -ιον || -ιης || -ιον || -ιι || -ιον | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -ιυιος || -ιοβος || -ιηι || -ιηβος || -ιυιος || -ιοβος | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5" | {{gcl|INDEF}} | |||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | |||
| -ιοσες || rowspan="2"| -ιοιες || rowspan="2"| -ιησι || rowspan="3"| -ιησσι || rowspan="3"| -ιονεδ || rowspan="3"| -ιηεδ | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | |||
| -ιες | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | |||
| -ιονες || -ιουσες || -ιηνσι | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| -ιιες || -ιονες || -ιησσι || -ιονσι || -ιιεδ || -ιονεδ | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -ιυιες || -ιοβοσες || -ιηισι || -ιηβοσσι || -ιυιεδ || -ιοβοσεδ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" | !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|N}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="10" | {{gcl|SUP}} | |||
! rowspan="5" | {{gcl|DEF}} | |||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | |||
| -αμος || rowspan="2"| -αμοι || rowspan="2"| -αμη || rowspan="3"| -αμης || rowspan="3"| -αμον || rowspan="3"| -αμη | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | |||
| -αμε | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | |||
| -αμον || -αμους || -αμην | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| -αμι || -αμον || -αμης || -αμον || -αμι || -αμον | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -αμυι || -αμβος || -αμηι || -αμβος || -αμυι || -αμβος | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5" | {{gcl|INDEF}} | |||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | |||
| -αμοσες || rowspan="2"| -αμοιες || rowspan="2"| -αμησι || rowspan="3"| -αμησσι || rowspan="3"| -αμονεδ || rowspan="3"| -αμηεδ | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | |||
| -αμες | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | |||
| -αμονες || -αμουσες || -αμηνσι | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| -αμιες || -αμονες || -αμησσι || -αμονσι || -αμιεδ || -αμονεδ | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -αμυιες || -αμβοσες || -αμηισι || -αμβοσσι || -αμυιεδ || -αμβοσεδ | |||
|} | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | |||
! colspan="9"| i-stem | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" | !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|N}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="10" | | |||
! rowspan="5" | {{gcl|DEF}} | |||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | |||
| -ις || rowspan="3"| -ις || -ις || rowspan="3"| -ις || rowspan="3"| -ι || rowspan="3"| -ιη | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | |||
| -ι || -ι | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | |||
| -ιν || -ιν | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| -εις || -ιον || -εις || -ιον || -εις || -ιον | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -ει || -ιβος || -ει || -ιβος || -ει || -ιβος | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5" | {{gcl|INDEF}} | |||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | |||
| -ισες || rowspan="3"| -ισες || -ισσι || rowspan="3"| -ισσι || rowspan="3"| -ιεδ || rowspan="3"| -ιηεδ | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | |||
| -ιες || -ισι | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | |||
| -ινες || -ινσι | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| -εισες || -ιονες || -εισσι || -ιονσι || -εισεδ || -ιονεδ | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -ειες || -ιβοσες || -εισι || -ιβοσσι || -ειεδ || -ιβοσεδ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" | !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|N}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="10" | {{gcl|COMP}} | |||
! rowspan="5" | {{gcl|DEF}} | |||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | |||
| -ιις || rowspan="3"| -ιις || -ιις || rowspan="3"| -ιις || rowspan="3"| -ιι || rowspan="3"| -ιη | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | |||
| -ιι || -ιι | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | |||
| -ιιν || -ιιν | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| -ιεις || -ιον || -ιεις || -ιον || -ιεις || -ιον | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -ιει || -ιιβος || -ιει || -ιιβος || -ιει || -ιιβος | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5" | {{gcl|INDEF}} | |||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | |||
| -ιισες || rowspan="3"| -ιισες || -ιισσι || rowspan="3"| -ιισσι || rowspan="3"| -ιιεδ || rowspan="3"| -ιηεδ | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | |||
| -ιιες || -ιισι | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | |||
| -ιινες || -ιινσι | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| -ιεισες || -ιονες || -ιεισσι || -ιονσι || -ιεισεδ || -ιονεδ | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -ιειες || -ιιβοσες || -ιεισι || -ιιβοσσι || -ιειεδ || -ιιβοσεδ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" | !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|N}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="10" | {{gcl|SUP}} | |||
! rowspan="5" | {{gcl|DEF}} | |||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | |||
| -αμις || rowspan="3"| -αμις || -αμις || rowspan="3"| -αμις || rowspan="3"| -αμι || rowspan="3"| -αμιη | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | |||
| -αμι || -αμι | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | |||
| -αμιν || -αμιν | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| -αμεις || -αμιον || -αμεις || -αμιον || -αμεις || -αμιον | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -αμει || -αμβος || -αμει || -αμος || -αμει || -αμβος | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5" | {{gcl|INDEF}} | |||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | |||
| -αμισες || rowspan="3"| -αμισες || -αμισσι || rowspan="3"| -αμισσι || rowspan="3"| -αμιεδ || rowspan="3"| -αμιηεδ | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | |||
| -αμιες || -αμισι | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | |||
| -αμινες || -αμινσι | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| -αμεισες || -αμιονες || -αμεισσι || -αμιονσι || -αμεισεδ || -αμιονεδ | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|DAT}} | |||
| -ειες || -ιβοσες || -εισι || -ιβοσσι || -ειεδ || -ιβοσεδ | |||
|} | |||
|} | |||
{| style="background: none" | |||
|+ '''Modern Oltic adjective declensions''' | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | |||
! colspan="9"| o-stem | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" | !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|N}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="8" | | |||
! rowspan="4" | {{gcl|DEF}} | |||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | |||
| -ος || rowspan="2"| -οι || rowspan="2"| -η || rowspan="3"| -ης || rowspan="3"| -ον || rowspan="3"| -η | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | |||
| -ε | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | |||
| -ον || -ους || -ην | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| -ι || -ον || -ης || -ον || -ι || -ον | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4" | {{gcl|INDEF}} | |||
! {{gcl|NOM}} | |||
| -οσες || rowspan="2"| -οις || rowspan="2"| -ησι || rowspan="3"| -ησσι || rowspan="3"| -ονεδ || rowspan="3"| -ηδ | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|VOC}} | |||
| -ες | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|ACC}} | |||
| -ονες || -ουσες || -ηνσι | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | |||
| -ις || -ονες || -ησσι || -ονσι || -ιδ || -ονεδ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" | !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|N}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} | ||
| Line 1,026: | Line 1,856: | ||
| -αμις || -αμονες || -αμησσι || -αμονσι || -αμιδ || -αμονεδ | | -αμις || -αμονες || -αμησσι || -αμονσι || -αμιδ || -αμονεδ | ||
|} | |} | ||
| valign="top" | | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan="9"| i-stem | ! colspan="9"| i-stem | ||
| Line 1,121: | Line 1,952: | ||
! {{gcl|GEN}} | ! {{gcl|GEN}} | ||
| -αμεισες || -αμιονες || -αμεισσι || -αμιονσι || -αμεισεδ || -αμιονεδ | | -αμεισες || -αμιονες || -αμεισσι || -αμιονσι || -αμεισεδ || -αμιονεδ | ||
|} | |||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 1,168: | Line 2,000: | ||
===Noun and verb phrases=== | ===Noun and verb phrases=== | ||
All noun modifiers precede their head noun, and adverbs variably precede or follow their head verb. Numerators and determiners precede adjectives. | |||
===Dependent clauses=== | ===Dependent clauses=== | ||
Dependent clauses directly follow the phrase they modify. | |||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
===Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1=== | ===Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1=== | ||
'''Ωύλοι ζόνιοι χρίοι άπε αυκεῖντινοι δίγνιτης άπε κωὺραχτον γῆνοντο. Χρόδηντο μέγμαναν άπε κονθῶγνιγϝον άπε λίγοντο γνίοντοι σεῖ αῦρε βρῆτιι | '''Ωύλοι ζόνιοι χρίοι άπε αυκεῖντινοι δίγνιτης άπε κωὺραχτον γῆνοντο. Χρόδηντο μέγμαναν άπε κονθῶγνιγϝον άπε λίγοντο γνίοντοι σεῖ αῦρε βρῆτιι νᾶμανος. | ||
'''Овле зоње хрие апе афћендине дињитѣс апе коврахтон генондо. Хродѣндо мегманан апе конфоњинвон апе логондо љионде се авре врѣтии | '''Овле зоње хрие апе афћендине дињитѣс апе коврахтон генондо. Хродѣндо мегманан апе конфоњинвон апе логондо љионде се авре врѣтии наманос. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
| Line 1,182: | Line 2,017: | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||
|Χρόδ-ηντο μέγμ-αναν άπε κονθῶγνιγϝ-ον άπε λίγ-οντο γνί-οντ-οι σεῖ αῦρε βρῆτ-ι-ι | |Χρόδ-ηντο μέγμ-αναν άπε κονθῶγνιγϝ-ον άπε λίγ-οντο γνί-οντ-οι σεῖ αῦρε βρῆτ-ι-ι νᾶμ-ανος. | ||
|give-3PL.MID.PRES mind-SG.ACC and conscience-SG.ACC and should-3PL.MID.PRES do-PRES.PTCP-M.PL.NOM.DEF 3.RECP with brother-NZ-SG.GEN spirit-SG.GEN | |give-3PL.MID.PRES mind-SG.ACC and conscience-SG.ACC and should-3PL.MID.PRES do-PRES.PTCP-M.PL.NOM.DEF 3.RECP with brother-NZ-SG.GEN spirit-SG.GEN | ||
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}} | ||