User:Ceige/Yingxi

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Protolanguage Swadesh list Mandarin-style Swadesh list Thai-style Swadesh list Austronesian-style Swadesh list Freestyle Swadesh list

Taxonomy

This is an unrealistic cladogram of the language family – many splitoffs are just random placeholders and may not exist. The idea is to fill the family with languages like Tibetan, Thai, Laotian, Korean, Japanese, and Chinese, and maybe some Austronesian-wannabes and some IE looking languages (you can see some experimentation of that description going on, but these may not be in the best places possible).

Prim.Yincese (Truj Iŋgliš)

Splitoff #1a (Tü Iŋliš ~> Čüwiŋnit ~> Ciuvénni) Splitoff #1b (Trü Ĩgliš ~> Trewyo-īglis ~> Savigli? Treiglis?) Splitoff #1c (Trü Iŋs ~> Sew Ing) Anc.Yincese (Truj Iŋglis) (More realistically Trü Iŋs) Splitoff #2 (Trü Iŋglit, Trü Ingrit) O.Yincese (Truj Iŋgris, Iŋlit) Splitoff #3 (Trü Something) Mid.Yincese (Čü Iŋhai, Iŋgai, Iŋli, Iŋhi) Splitoff #4 EM.Yincese (Čü, Tsü ___) Dialect #1 (Jiu Yingxi) Dialect #2 (Tsü Yinghai) Dialect #3 (Zhǖ Yǐng)

Ancient Consonant Inventory

Initials

		Labial	Dental	Palatal	Velar	Post-Velar
Plosive	Aspirated	pʰ	tʰ		kʰ
	Suppressed	p'	t'		k'
	Voiced	b	d		g *
Nasal	Unvoiced	m̊	n̊		ŋ̊
	Voiced	m	n		ŋ
Fricative	Unvoiced	ɸ *	s			h
	Voiced	v	z *			ɦ *
Sonorant	Unvoiced	ẘ *	l̥ r̊	j̊ *
	Voiced	w	l r	j

Possible sound changes (might be in #Old Consonant Inventory, might be after)

• g later merges with ɦ
• ɦ and h later merge in some circumstances
• ɸ and ẘ merge and become h- before back rounded vowels and w- before all others
• s and z merge
• j̊ and j merge, except before high-front vowels, where j̊ becomes h-

Mandarin-style Wordlist

UNDER CONSTRUCTION! MIND THE NOTES AND ALBANIAN

No.	English	Mandarin Ying Zhǖ Yǐng / Zhuī Yǐng	IPA pronunciation
1	I	sew > xiāo (jp. shou)
2	you (singular)	r̊en > chēn, m̊ren > xwæn > huān (jp kan)
3	he	həj > xi, lej > dī/yi (cf. Cn. lˁiwk, lə > dì, yi but ko. cheok, i - jp di, i)
4	we	sew-lot > xiāo yuè (cf. Cn. yuè Ko. yeol, jp. etsu)
5	you (plural)	(m̊)r̊en-lot > chēnyuè, huānyuè
6	they	lej > dī(yuè) (no non-labial -ei in Mandarin)
7	this	ləjs > dǐ/yǐ
8	that	lˁat, lat > dà, yè
9	here	këtu
10	there	atje
11	who	kush, cili,
12	what	çfarë, ç'
13	where	ku
14	when	kur
15	how	si
16	not	nuk, s'
17	all	gjithë, tërë
18	many	shumë
19	some	disa, ca
20	few	pak,
21	other	tjetër
22	one	një
23	two	dy
24	three	tre
25	four	katër
26	five	pesë
27	big	madh
28	long	gjatë
29	wide	i gjerë
30	thick	i trashë
31	heavy	rëndë
32	small	vogël
33	short	i shkurtër
34	narrow	i ngushtë
35	thin	i hollë
36	woman	grua
37	man (male)	burrë
38	man (human)	njeri
39	child	vogëlush, kalaman, fëmijë
40	wife	nuse
41	husband	burrë
42	mother	nënë, amë
43	father	atë
44	animal	shtazë
45	fish	peshk
46	bird	zog
47	dog	qen
48	louse	thëri
49	snake	gjarpër
50	worm	krimb
51	tree	pemë, dru
52	forest	pyll
53	stick	shkop
54	fruit	frutë
55	seed	farë, bërthamë
56	leaf	gjethe
57	root	rrënjë
58	bark (of a tree)	zgavër
59	flower	lule
60	grass	bar
61	rope	litar
62	skin	lëkurë
63	meat	mish
64	blood	gjak
65	bone	eshtër, (Gheg: ashtë)
66	fat (noun)	dhjamë, maj
67	egg	ve, vezë
68	horn	bri
69	tail	bisht
70	feather	pupël
71	hair	flok, qime, lesh
72	head	kokë, krye, krenë
73	ear	vesh
74	eye	sy
75	nose	hundë
76	mouth	gojë
77	tooth	dhëmb
78	tongue	gjuhë
79	fingernail	thua
80	foot	shputë
81	leg	këmbë
82	knee	gju
83	hand	dorë
84	wing	krah, flatër
85	belly	bark, stomak
86	guts	zorrë
87	neck	qafë, zverk
88	back	kurriz, shpinë
89	breast	gji, sisë
90	heart	zemër
91	liver	mëlçi
92	to drink	pi
93	to eat	ha
94	to bite	kafshoj
95	to suck	thith
96	to spit	pështyj
97	to vomit	vjell
98	to blow	fryj
99	to breathe	marr frymë
100	to laugh	qesh
101	to see	shoh
102	to hear	dëgjoj
103	to know	di
104	to think	mendoj
105	to smell	nuhas
106	to fear	druaj
107	to sleep	fle
108	to live	jetoj
109	to die	vdes
110	to kill	vras
111	to fight	luftoj, përleshem
112	to hunt	gjuaj
113	to hit	godas
114	to cut	pres
115	to split	ndaj, daj
116	to stab	ther
117	to scratch	kruaj
118	to dig	gërmoj
119	to swim	notoj
120	to fly	fluturoj
121	to walk	eci
122	to come	vij
123	to lie (as in a bed)	shtrihem
124	to sit	ulem
125	to stand	rri
126	to turn (intransitive)	kthej
127	to fall	bie
128	to give	jap
129	to hold	mbaj
130	to squeeze	shtrydh
131	to rub	ledhatoj
132	to wash	laj
133	to wipe	fshij
134	to pull	tërheq
135	to push	shtyj
136	to throw	hedh
137	to tie	lidh
138	to sew	qep
139	to count	numëroj, njeh (Gheg: njef)
140	to say	them
141	to sing	këndoj
142	to play	luaj
143	to float	pluskoj
144	to flow	rrjedh
145	to freeze	ngrij
146	to swell	enjtem
147	sun	diell
148	moon	hënë
149	star	yll
150	water	ujë
151	rain	shi
152	river	lumë
153	lake	liqen
154	sea	det
155	salt	kripë
156	stone	gur
157	sand	rërë
158	dust	pluhur
159	earth	dhe, tokë
160	cloud	re, shtëllungë
161	fog	mjegull
162	sky	qiell
163	wind	erë
164	snow	borë, dëborë
165	ice	akull
166	smoke	tym
167	fire	zjarr
168	ash	hi
169	to burn	djeg
170	road	udhë, rrugë
171	mountain	mal
172	red	i kuq
173	green	blerë, blertë
174	yellow	verdhë
175	white	bardhë
176	black	zi
177	night	natë
178	day	ditë
179	year	vit, mot
180	warm	i ngrohtë
181	cold	ftohtë
182	full	i mbushur, i plotë
183	new	ri
184	old	plak, i moshuar
185	good	mirë
186	bad	keq
187	rotten	kalbur
188	dirty	i pistë
189	straight	drejt, ping
190	round	rrumbullakët
191	sharp (as a knife)	i mprehtë
192	dull (as a knife)	i pamprehtë
193	smooth	i lëmuar
194	wet	i lagur
195	dry	i thatë
196	correct	i djathtë
197	near	afër
198	far	larg, tutje
199	right	djathtë,
200	left	majtë,
201	at	te, tek
202	in	në
203	with	me
204	and	dhe, e
205	if	nëse, në qoftë se, vallë
206	because	sepse, se
207	name	emër, (Gheg:emën)