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| | {{Infobox language |
| | |image = |
| | |imagesize = |
| | |creator = [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]], [[User:IlL|IlL]] |
| | |name = {{PAGENAME}} |
| | |nativename = χμῶ Τλὣ |
| | |pronunciation= |
| | |setting = [[Verse:Tricin]] |
| | |region = Bjeheond |
| | |familycolor=hmong-mien |
| | |fam1=[[Hlou-Shum languages|Hlou-Shum]] |
| | |script= |
| | |iso3= |
| | |notice=IPA |
| | }} |
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| '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ({{PAGENAME}}: ''məchə̄tvaʔ guṇma'' '{{PAGENAME}} sound' or '{{PAGENAME}} language') is an ancient [[Mustlup languages|Mustlup language]] inspired by my oldest draft of Proto-Talmic. | | '''Tlu''' (χμῶ Τλὣ) is a [[Hlou-Shum languages|Hlou-Shum language]] inspired by Hmong, Greek, Vietnamese, Irish, and Mandarin. It's meant to be the Greek analogue to [[Hlou]]'s Germanic. |
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| ==todo== | | =Phonology= |
| *''zoug'' (m) = "person"
| | ==Consonants== |
| *''ṭunie'' (f) = "tree"
| | <poem> |
| *''ďəsmū'' (m) < ḱʼəsmū "woman"
| | π πλ τ τλ τς ρ κ μπ μπλ ντ ντλ ντς νρ γκ /p pl t tɬ tɕ ʈʂ k b bl d dɮ dʑ ɖʐ g/ |
| *''ʔəḷ'' < ''ʔəḷ'' "no, not"
| | φ φλ θ θς σ χ μφ μφλ νθ νθς νσ γχ /pʰ pʰl tʰ tɕʰ ʈʂʰ kʰ bʰ bʰl dʰ dʑʰ ɖʐʰ gʰ/ |
| *''tī'' < ''tiwī'' "yes"
| | ψ ξ νψ γξ ς /s ʂ z ʐ ç/ |
| *''sufnə'' (f) < ''suxʷnə'' "rain"
| | λ /ɬ/ |
| *''seib'' (m) < ''səyb'' "snow"
| | ϋ β δ μ ν νλ γ /f v ɣ m n nl ŋ/ |
| *''kuoṇḍaiḍ'' (m) < ''kʷuyṇḍayṭʼ'' "net"
| | χμ χν χνλ χγ = unvoiced versions of μ ν νλ γ |
| *''gai'' (f) < ''gay'' "east"
| | ζ /j/ |
| *''chƛətum'' (f) < ''x̌ƛətum'' "west"
| | </poem> |
| *''pəsə'' (f) < ''pəṣə'' "south"
| | ==Vowels== |
| *''ʔauʔāp'' (f) < ''ʔawʔākʷ'' "north"
| | <poem> |
| *''guṇma'' (m) < ''ɡuṇma'' "sound, language"
| | α η υ ω /æ i o u/ |
| *''nīmə'' (m) < ''nīmə'' "water"
| | ε ο = nasal vowels |
| *''sλəp'' (f) < ''sƛʼəp'' "land"
| | αο αοι αι οι υι /i/ |
| *''chnousaṭ'' (f) < ''xnəwsaṭ'' "cloud"
| | ι ει /æi/ |
| *''hi'' 'and'
| | αυ ου /ɑu/ |
| *''tāňi'' (m) < ''tāñi'' "house"
| | ηα ωα /ie uo/ |
| *''sud'' (m) < ''sutʼ'' "man"
| | </poem> |
| *''σai'' (adj) < ''łaj'' "good"
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| *''bugu'' (adj) < ''bukʼu'' "bad"
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| *''vəjāz'' (adj) < ''wəjhāḍẓ'' "small"
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| *''ʔaimu'' (v) < ''ʔaymu'' "eat"
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| *''zə̄ŋauz'' (f) < ''tsʼə̄ŋawtsʼ'' "lightning"
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| *''buoƛūf'' (intj) < ''buyƛūxʷ'' "hello! greetings!"
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| *''qintais'' (m) < "film, screen"
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| *''nuchsi'' (m) < ''nuxci'' 'hand'
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| *''hei'' (intj) < ''qʼəy'' "Oh! Ah!"
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| *xʷɬaːləj > ''flālei''
| | ==Tones== |
| *kəːtsʼaː > ''kə̄zā''
| | ε ο cannot have circumflex tone |
| *χɳəːxʷnawpʼ > ''chṇə̄fnaub''
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| *qʼəj > ''hei''
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| *χiːɭaj > ''chīḷai''
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| *ŋqʼəjuː > ''əŋŋəjū''
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| *χpʼiw > ''chbie''
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| *ɭɖiw > ''əḷḍie''
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| *pɭəχɬiɡ > ''pḷəchlig''
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| *tʂajhawp > ''saihaup''
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| *ʈajqʼiʂ > ''ṭaihis''
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| *dzxʷaj > ''sfai''
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| *ɡəːɡaj > ''qə̄qai''
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| *tɬʼɲawŋip > ''λñauŋip''
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| *tsuj > ''suo''
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| *tsʼpʼipdzajɬ > ''zbibzaił''
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| *tɬuːxʷtʼuː > ''ƛūfdū''
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| *tɬʼu > ''λu''
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| *ɡəw > ''gou''
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| *ɟiː > ''ďī''
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| *xʷaːtsʼɲəː > ''fāzñə̄'' qʂamɲuj ɟəː tsaj xʷiw ɢuː ʂxaw sadjəː mmuj wiː pχaj pʼəw ʈʼa ɭəw buxəw ɟxəːʈhaːɡʷ ɖʐɳiwpcajh tɬuːtsʼitɬʼ ɬajtʂəʈ ɬuq'ʈ'i panaːx dzəwduːɢ ʔidiwpʼ cʼiw pəwɲujɡʷ ɭu ɡʷuːɟiːdʐ ŋʔiː cʼa htɬawxkiːpʼ sgi qʼixtʂʼajm ɢuŋəj xʷŋiwŋhuj tuj xʷciːtsʼiw ɡʷiːpxəw tsʼmajʈχa ɡaj χɳə ba ŋəw ɲiː hbə ɖujxʷcʼətɬ luci tsujhjaw ɬəj səː dzəw tɬχəjc'p'əwɟ ɲχaːtɬmaːɖ kəː ɡʷujɭəː ɬuːknu kɖaɟəː dzχaː xujpɖəj tsliː wajʈɳəː snuj t'p'əw səwɳətʂʼ wəbəjpʼ kʼəwχɢuɭ ɲu puːntuː tʼχaj ɳʈʂawtsɢiwtʼ staɡʷajdɮ jaːpʼxʷiːʈ ltsəw pɡajɢəjʔ ʂaχna
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| ɢəj tʼxʷə naɬχujts ʔiː ltsiw ʂiːpʼiː ɲuːtʼiwtʂ kʼuj qʼəj tiwiː ʔuːdhi tʂʼəːtsɲəːɲ qʼu ʔəj tsʼuku qʼuχtʼujtʼ bəwɢawn kʼəmχəjɡʷ taː ɢi mitɬuː məw həː tsmiw ɲaj ʔawɡʷhəʔ dʐaj qʈawməjʔ kʷʼajqiː qəʔəjɡʷ səwhiwts ɟuː ʔχiʔəw ɳuː ltajxʷcʼəwtʂ ʔəjtgʷaː ʔujʔəːʔ ʔə xʷujkʷxʷəwʈ ki buj bəw ʔuːmə quː ʔiw maw ʔəːχpaːɡʷ hɳaː ɬaj kʷɳiːqʼəː dʐəː xlaj ɬgəwdziːkʷ tʼəw dɮaːʂuːʂ ɖəw bajmpaj ləː tɬəɲɲu cu ɬəw pʼəjdɮə ɖiːcʼujʔ htsʼiːʔuj ɡʷi ʈa tʂuː χnəwtsaʈ ɳiː kləːʔəwɭ χiw cʼi ʂimiw ʔaj dʐu χəwɡəː qʼiːsaw lgəː χəːtsuʔ qaːwəj hkʷajkʷʼiːʔ pɖuː xʷcujtsiwdʐ ʔiːxʷtʼəː tɬʼəːxtsiː ʔaχawxʷ ʈʼuxʷbaj xʔaː xʷiw xʷdɮaj maː lʔəqiːʔ ɖəjxʈʼaːdʐ ɬqəjʈʼaɭ ʔəjbəː daxpʼawkʷ xdzuː
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| cʼu sgʷə ʔkʷʼaː maːwuj pajku həːtɬiχ tʂʼəthəːɡʷ pʼaŋud cniwxʷŋi biː dʐə xʷqaːχʈʼiː χi kʷʼəːʔiwts caːʔujɲ dzuj tsʼiw bujtɬuːxʷ tsʼəːhəj ɬuː wiwmiwd xtʼahdzaw dʐiː ɡʷujʔuːk ɬulqaːm ʔaw kaj dɮaw ɭaː huːwaw xawɡʷu ɟibəː liwkʷʼaːɲ tlaj cʼuχdzawɖ pʼuɖaː kʷəːŋkʷiwɡʷ tsəw qʼaːmjiː xəj ɬəwkʷʼuj təʔuː ʔaɬax kʷəxʷəj xʷa ʔəj ltəw tsuː tsʼna haː sə jujpəɡ ŋmək'ts'əjx ʔujɳʈʼuːw tɬətsʼiʈʼ lə kʷəwɡʷxʷiː cʼaw ŋə sa tʼəjxtʂəwɟ ʔuxiwj sχiːʔəwdʐ kɬədzaj jaːpnəŋ ɡujwəː xɭiːɬuk suː ɬaːhɡaːd ɡujnaː hliw baːbuːx kʼiː ʔəwcə dɮɳəj dziː cʼaːwuː ta tsʼmi tɬətkʷuːts nməj xi ʈʼiw kʷu liwhəjx tsʼu kʼihsaj tɬʼutɬuj skʼəw tɬʼəkʷlaj hiwtɲəj piw xʈʼəː ɡʷə pʈuj tɬaː səj ŋəjpu tɬʼuː tsujsuːts
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| xʷə xəwŋkawxʷ xʷəj ɲcʼaːɲɲuːqʼ ɡʷiwpaw dʐaːtʂaj nʔəːʔuʔ dzuːkaː na tɬuːŋɢajq qaː ʔiw dʐəwɭɭujl pʼiː ɲʔa myusi tɬəwɳɳəw pikiw saːɳɳəj dəjcʼujj qʼaxaːʔ ɲʔiw nnujmuj ʔawɟaːkʷ tsʼiw ʈuŋməwl ɡuɲma dʐaːʔi qʼaːŋqʼa ʈu ʔə bu kʷəw ʔəwʔəj kʼəː ʔətsʼə ʔiːɭəːtʂ tɬʼəː χu mitʂuʔ xəw ʂajŋnəː səː ʔaw ŋə ŋmujʂəj ɬuː ɡaw tɬu kʼiː ŋkʼaːɭiːɡʷ ʔiː ɡʷajɳu hinmuːw ɢaː ʈuːkʷʼə pəːʈʼəjɡ lnəjntsatsʼ miːkʼə ʈəj ʔəlŋiw qʼi ʈujkʼuːtɬʼ ŋnə xʷiw dɮiː dʐiw qʼəʂəjh ɭɳintsʼiː wəjhaːdʐ dɮəw wəw bəlŋiːχ nəw ŋgʷəː dzəːɟaw kəjxiw tiwpʼiwɟ lulmawʈ mləqəʔ tɬʼu lnujtʂʼəw ndzaʔaː ɲəw najəːʔ mi ŋgʷajlʔəːkʷ ɳʈʂʼə ʔawʔaːkʷ cʼi ɡaj ntɬiʈuj ɬəw ŋa kʷumbawd ʔaʈiːdɮ ɖu kʷʼiw pʼəw ɖaj ʔa ʔiːkʼaː lŋəj tʼəw xʷaːʔuː mlilɲiw ɖuj ɳʈə tsʼəw wuɭu kʷujɳɖajʈʼ hiː kʼaː mni kʷʼə ʈa ʔəʔib tsutɬʼəw kəː tʼaːtsʼiw ʈə ɭɭiw ʈʼuːŋɢatʼ kʷʼa mu ʔuː qintsajs ʔawntsajχ ʔaː tʂʼajdʐa tsʼəːŋawtsʼ suː ŋgʷaw ʔajluɲ ʔajmmu dʐaw xʷəw ʔaj ɲcəj ɡʷəːkəwʂ tsuj ɳɳawʔu jəjhaːʔ ʂə hə ɳɖaw tɬʼiː ɢiw xə jə ɲɲuː tɬʼitəwɬ paw cuj ɬiʔiw tɬʼaj ɲaː hiːɲɟətʼ wuː piwɬac tsətʼuɭ dɮəjmiːxʷ jaj jiːʔəːtɬ ti ŋaj tʂajnəːχ lnəj dʐiː xʷəːʔəʔ ʔəw dəw ɳɳə xəːŋkʷəʔ tʼəʈʼaː ɢəjɡuj nuːʈəːʔ ŋəj tʼi ʔəːllub ɳaː tʼiw qəj lʔu ntiwwuj qu lʔaː jajɟəʔ ŋajɳajʔ tsʼiː ndzəʔajp ʈuj dʐaːŋkucʼ jəjʈawɖ xʷəjɲɲuːtʼ ɳʈʂuj tɬʼujŋgʷiːkʷʼ wu mŋiːdʐaːkʷ mɳuːʂiʔ
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| ==Phonology==
| | {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" |
| ===Consonants===
| | ! Tone class |
| /m n ɳ ɲ ŋ p t tɬ ʈ c k q ʔ b d dɮ ɖ ɟ g f s̠ ɬ x h z̠ ɮ ʋ l ɭ j/ {{angbr|''m n ṇ ñ ŋ p t ƛ ṭ ť k q ʔ b d λ ḍ ď g f s σ ch h z ʒ v l ḷ j''}}
| | ! Unvoiced initial? |
| | | ! Voiced initial? |
| ===Vowels===
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| /i iː u uː ə əː a aː ai au ei ou ie uo/ {{angbr|''i ī u ū ə ə̄ a ā ai au ei ou ie uo''}}
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| ===Orthography===
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| ===Prosody===
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| ====Stress====
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| Stress falls on the first heavy (CV̄, CVV or CVC) syllable, if it is not the final syllable. If no syllables are long, the first syllable is stressed.
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| ====Intonation====
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| ===Phonotactics===
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| <!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
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| ===Morphophonology===
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| ==Morphology==
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| ===Pronouns===
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| *1sg, 2sg, 3sg, 1pl, 2pl, 3pl: ''sƛī, ŋə̄, bəʔ, bau, zad, chau, bəbuo, bəbəv''
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| ===Nouns===
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| Nouns are reduplicated for plural, and take possessive prefixes. They do not decline for case, unlike adjectives and determiners. When nouns are preceded by a determiner or an adjective, they (even if plural) do ''not'' take a plural form.
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;" | |
| |-
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| !colspan="3" |''chnousaṭ'' - 'cloud' | |
| |-
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| !style="width: 100px;"|Number→<br/>State↓
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| !style="width: 100px;"|Singular
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| !style="width: 100px;"|Plural
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| |-
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| !|Indefinite
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| |''chnousaṭ''||''chəchnousaṭ''
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| |-
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| !|1sg possessor
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| |''łichnousaṭ''||''łichəchnousaṭ''
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| |-
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| !|2sg possessor
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| |''ŋəchnousaṭ''||''ŋəchəchnousaṭ''
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| |-
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| !|3sg.m possessor
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| |''səchnousaṭ''||''səchnousaṭ''
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| |-
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| !|3sg.f possessor
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| |''sūchnousaṭ''||''sūchəchnousaṭ''
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| |-
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| !|1pl possessor
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| |''zdəchnousaṭ''||''zdəchəchnousaṭ''
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| |-
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| !|2pl possessor
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| |''hauchnousaṭ''||''hauchəchnousaṭ''
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| |-
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| !|3pl.m possessor
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| |''səŋchnousaṭ''||''səŋchəchnousaṭ''
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| |-
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| !|3pl.f possessor
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| |''səstchnousaṭ''||''səstchəchnousaṭ''
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| |}
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| :'''''mich sud sə·tətāňi'''''
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| :''DEF-ACC man 3SG-PL-house''
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| :''the man's houses''
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| ===Adjectives===
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| Adjectives precede nouns and inflect for gender, number and case. Demonstratives and determiners also inflect as adjectives.
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible " style=" text-align: center;"
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| ! colspan="3" | ''zviṭəʔ'' 'big' (masculine)
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| |-
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| ! style="width: 90px;" | State
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| ! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
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| ! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
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| |-
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| ! Nominative
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| | ''zviṭəʔ'' || ''zviṭuo''
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| |-
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| ! Oblique
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| | ''zviṭuch'' || ''zviṭəŋ''
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| |}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible " style=" text-align: center;"
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| ! colspan="3" | ''zviṭəʔ'' 'big' (feminine) | |
| |-
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| ! style="width: 90px;" | State
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| ! style="width: 100px;" | Singular | |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
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| |-
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| ! Nominative
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| | ''zviṭou'' || ''zviṭə̄f''
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| |-
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| ! Oblique
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| | ''zviṭə̄ʔ'' || ''zviṭə̄st''
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| |}
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| The definite article inflects as follows:
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible " style=" text-align: center;"
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| ! colspan="3" | ''miʔ'' 'definite article' (masculine)
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| |-
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| ! style="width: 90px;" | State
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| ! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
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| ! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
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| |-
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| ! Nominative
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| | ''miʔ'' || ''muo''
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| |- | | |- |
| ! Oblique | | ! A (10/27) |
| | ''mich'' || ''miŋ'' | | | '''α''' |
| |}
| | | '''ἁ''' |
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible " style=" text-align: center;"
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| ! colspan="3" | ''miʔ'' 'definite article' (feminine)
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| |- | | |- |
| ! style="width: 90px;" | State | | ! B (5/27) |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
| | | '''ά''' |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
| | | '''ἅ''' |
| |- | | |- |
| ! Nominative | | ! C (5/27) |
| | ''mie'' || ''mə̄f'' | | | '''ᾶ''' |
| | | '''ἇ''' |
| |- | | |- |
| ! Oblique | | ! D (4/27) |
| | ''mə̄ʔ'' || ''mə̄st'' | | | '''ὰ''' |
| | | '''ἃ''' |
| |} | | |} |
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| ===Verbs===
| | [[Category:Languages]] |
| *vimaḷch = I sit
| | [[Category:Tlu]] |
| *ŋəmaḷch = you sit
| | [[Category:Hlou-Shum languages]] |
| *ʔəmaḷch = he sits
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| *ʔūmaḷch = she sits
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| *zamaḷch = we sit
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| *chamaḷch = you people sit
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| *ʔəmmaḷch = they sit
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| *''-au'' = past tense?
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| *''sva-'' = negative
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| ===Numerals===
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| {{PAGENAME}} uses a base-12 numeral system. Numerals are indeclinable.
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| *1: ''seiďu'' /ˈseiɟu/
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| *2: ''bli'' /bli/
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| *3: ''sqā'' /sqaː/
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| *4: ''māvi'' /ˈmaːʋi/
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| *5: ''paiku'' /ˈpaiku/
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| *6: ''ə̄ƛich'' /ˈəːtɬix/
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| *7: ''zətə̄'' /ˈzətəː/
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| *8: ''baŋud'' /ˈbaŋud/
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| *9: ''ďavuň'' /ˈɟaʋuɲ/
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| *10: ''fqāchṭī'' /ˈfqaːxʈiː/
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| *11: ''bə̄zie'' /ˈbəːzie/
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| *12: ''zie'' /zie/
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| *144: ''ʔənƛə̄ḷ''
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| *1728: ''chapkit''
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| The ordinal numbers are adjectives:
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| *1: ''nəʔtmu''
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| *2: ''nəʔbli''
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| *3: ''nəʔsqā''
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| etc.
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| ==Syntax==
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| ===Constituent order===
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| ===Noun phrase===
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| ===Verb phrase===
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| ===Sentence phrase===
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| ===Dependent clauses===
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| <!-- etc. etc. -->
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| ==Example texts==
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| ==Other resources==
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| <!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
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| <!-- Template area -->
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| [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | |
| [[Category:Suvənub]] | |
| [[Category:Mustlup languages]] | |
| [[Category:Conlangs]]
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