User:Chrysophylax/merrish: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox language | |||
|name = Merrish | |||
|nativename = Mbhath her Maer | |||
|creator = [[User:Chrysophylax|Chrysophylax]] | |||
|setting = [http://ardam.linguifex.com/ Ardam] | |||
|pronunciation = [{{IPA|mwaθ χeɾ maːeɾ}}] | |||
|region = Gbhath Deirad | |||
|states = | |||
|nation = | |||
|speakers = | |||
|date = | |||
|familycolor = Teal | |||
|fam1 = Isolate | |||
|iso3 = qmw | |||
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin]] ([[Merrish alphabet]]) | |||
|agency = | |||
}} | |||
==Background== | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Segments=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style=" | ====Consonants==== | ||
{{PAGENAME}} has 18 consonants. A significant portion are fricatives. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 15: | Line 37: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! stops | ! stops | ||
| || || t d || || k g || q | | || || t d || || ⟨c⟩ k g || ⟨k⟩ q | ||
|- | |- | ||
!fricatives | !fricatives | ||
| || f v || | | || f v ||⟨th⟩ θ ⟨dh⟩ ð || ⟨z⟩ s̺ˡ ⟨s⟩ ʃ|| ⟨ch⟩ x || ⟨h⟩ χ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! tap | ! tap | ||
| || ||colspan=2|ɾ||||| | | || ||colspan=2|⟨r⟩ ɾ||||| | ||
|- | |- | ||
!approximant | !approximant | ||
| w || || || || | | ⟨bh⟩ w || || || || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
<!-- | |||
maybe? | |||
In compounds /θ/ and /ð/ are both written as ⟨dd⟩ while /f/ and /v/ are written as ⟨ff⟩ as both pairs lose voicing distinction and assimilate to the nearest following element. This means that they're realised either voicelessly ([θ] and [f]) or as ([d] and [v]) when followed by a vowel or voiced consonant. E.g. /gwaθ/ ⟨gbhath⟩ → ⟨gbhadd an deir⟩ [gwað‿andeiɾ] | |||
--> | |||
==Vowels== | The approximant '''/w/''' is realised as [u] in positions where a consonant would be forbidden. Clusters are forbidden in the coda and thus in words such as 'mabhr' /mawɾ/ '''/w/''' surfaces as [mauɾ]. Compare with ''mbhath'' /mwaθ/ where '''/w/''' remains a consonant. | ||
====Vowels==== | |||
{{PAGENAME}} has, in the traditional analysis, a phonemically vertical three-vowel system. There is no length distinction. Phonetically, the low vowel '''a''' can be realised as a back, semi-rounded vowel [ɑʷ] before uvular consonants or as an (occasionally long) [æ] before a historical /j/ (written ⟨gh⟩ in the orthography). | {{PAGENAME}} has, in the traditional analysis, a phonemically vertical three-vowel system. There is no length distinction. Phonetically, the low vowel '''a''' can be realised as a back, semi-rounded vowel [ɑʷ] before uvular consonants or as an (occasionally long) [æ] before a historical /j/ (written ⟨gh⟩ in the orthography). | ||
| Line 83: | Line 108: | ||
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Open''' | | style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Open''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{PAGENAME}} has three falling diphthongs ⟨egh⟩ /ei/, ⟨abh⟩ /au/, ⟨ae⟩ /ae/ which may be pronounced with the first element slightly lengthened, e.g. /maeɾ/ [maːeɾ]. | |||
===Syllables=== | |||
The Merrish syllable can assume the following forms: V, VC, CV, CVC. In addition to this, an approximant G can flank the nucleus on either or both sides. The syllable is maximally CGVGC e.g. fbhabhr /fwawr/ [fwaur] ('forest'). In the case of an underlying double glide syllable, the first approximant from the right is wholly vocalised. This process historically accounts for ⟨mbheghr⟩ becoming /mweir/. | |||
====Phonotactic restrictions==== | |||
=====Onset===== | |||
The phonemes /q/, /r/, /x/ do not occur in this position in the native lexicon. | |||
=====Coda===== | |||
/ʃ/ never appears in the coda. | |||
====Syllabic weight==== | |||
A single vowel has the weight of one mora '''μ''' in an open syllable while a diphthong has two. All vowels in closed syllables count as two morae. Extraordinarily, syllables with the pseudophoneme '''æ''' always counts as two morae. | |||
===Phonological word=== | |||
The phonological word must at its minimum consist of two morae. | |||
===Stress=== | |||
==Morphology== | |||
===Word classes=== | |||
===Inflection=== | |||
===Derivation=== | |||
==Syntax== | |||
===Phrases=== | |||
====Noun phrase==== | |||
====Verb phrase==== | |||
===Clauses=== | |||
====Transitive clauses==== | |||
====Intransitive clauses==== | |||
====Copula clauses==== | |||
===Sentence=== | |||
Latest revision as of 03:58, 9 October 2016
| Merrish | |
|---|---|
| Mbhath her Maer | |
| Pronunciation | [[Help:IPA|[[mwaθ χeɾ maːeɾ]]]] |
| Created by | Chrysophylax |
| Setting | Ardam |
Isolate
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | qmw |
Background
Phonology
Segments
Consonants
Chrysophylax/merrish has 18 consonants. A significant portion are fricatives.
| bilabial | labiodental | dental | (post)alveolar | velar | uvular | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nasal | m | n | ||||
| stops | t d | ⟨c⟩ k g | ⟨k⟩ q | |||
| fricatives | f v | ⟨th⟩ θ ⟨dh⟩ ð | ⟨z⟩ s̺ˡ ⟨s⟩ ʃ | ⟨ch⟩ x | ⟨h⟩ χ | |
| tap | ⟨r⟩ ɾ | |||||
| approximant | ⟨bh⟩ w | |||||
The approximant /w/ is realised as [u] in positions where a consonant would be forbidden. Clusters are forbidden in the coda and thus in words such as 'mabhr' /mawɾ/ /w/ surfaces as [mauɾ]. Compare with mbhath /mwaθ/ where /w/ remains a consonant.
Vowels
Chrysophylax/merrish has, in the traditional analysis, a phonemically vertical three-vowel system. There is no length distinction. Phonetically, the low vowel a can be realised as a back, semi-rounded vowel [ɑʷ] before uvular consonants or as an (occasionally long) [æ] before a historical /j/ (written ⟨gh⟩ in the orthography).
Some have argued one should count another vowel phoneme æ on the basis of minimal pairs such as mbha [mwa] and mbhagh [mwæː]. Traditionally, however, consensus has been that in light of its restricted appearance (only appearing before historical /j/, does not appear in CVC syllables) and metrical patterning (CV syllables with *æ count as heavy syllables unlike those with an /a i u/), æ is at most a marginal, emerging phoneme and better viewed as an allophone of /a/.
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | ||
| Close | 
| |||||
| Near‑close | ||||||
| Close‑mid | ||||||
| Mid | ||||||
| Open‑mid | ||||||
| Near‑open | ||||||
| Open | ||||||
Chrysophylax/merrish has three falling diphthongs ⟨egh⟩ /ei/, ⟨abh⟩ /au/, ⟨ae⟩ /ae/ which may be pronounced with the first element slightly lengthened, e.g. /maeɾ/ [maːeɾ].
Syllables
The Merrish syllable can assume the following forms: V, VC, CV, CVC. In addition to this, an approximant G can flank the nucleus on either or both sides. The syllable is maximally CGVGC e.g. fbhabhr /fwawr/ [fwaur] ('forest'). In the case of an underlying double glide syllable, the first approximant from the right is wholly vocalised. This process historically accounts for ⟨mbheghr⟩ becoming /mweir/.
Phonotactic restrictions
Onset
The phonemes /q/, /r/, /x/ do not occur in this position in the native lexicon.
Coda
/ʃ/ never appears in the coda.
Syllabic weight
A single vowel has the weight of one mora μ in an open syllable while a diphthong has two. All vowels in closed syllables count as two morae. Extraordinarily, syllables with the pseudophoneme æ always counts as two morae.
Phonological word
The phonological word must at its minimum consist of two morae.