Old Swuntsim: Difference between revisions

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'''{{PAGENAME}}''' ('''PTD''') is the common ancestor to the [[Tie–Dye languages]]. The phonology is based on Australian/Tamil.
[[Sacred Swuntsim/Swadesh list]]
 
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''tiSxwəncim'') was the ancient [[Tsimulh languages|Tsimulh language]] spoken by the Swuntsim people. It is still used as a liturgical language among [[Verse:Tricin/Swuntsim people|religious Swuntsim]].
 
Descendants:
*Modern [[Swuntsim]]
*Naquian Swuntsim
==GMP==
Tsimulh low tone > breathy voice (vowels not devoiced yet; devoiced vowels are partly merged)
 
Two consecutive breathy vowels > just the first vowel drops.
 
Satemization
 
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Phonotactics===
Sacred Swuntsim lost Proto-Tsimulh tones.
Every syllable must be CV except possibly the final syllable which cam be CVC. Non-initial and non-final consonants can be geminates.
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
 
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} consonants'''
{| class="bluetable" style=text-align:center
! colspan="2"|  
|-style="font-size: 90%;"
! | Labial
!colspan=2 rowspan=2|  
! | Dental
!rowspan=2| Bilabial
! | Retroflex
!colspan=2| Alveolar
! | Palatal
!rowspan=2| Palatal
! | Velar
!colspan=2| Velar
! | Uvular
!colspan=2| Uvular
! | Click
!rowspan=2| Glottal
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
! <small>central</small>
| '''m''' /m/
! <small>lateral</small>
| '''n''' /n/
! <small>plain</small>
| '''rn''' /ɳ/
! <small>labialized</small>
| '''ny''' /ɲ/
! <small>plain</small>
| '''ng''' /ŋ/
! <small>labialized</small>
| 
| '''n!x''' /ŋ!/
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
!colspan=2| Nasal
! | <small>plain</small>
| m
| '''p''' /p/
| n
| '''t''' /t/
|  
| '''rt''' /ʈ/
|  
| '''tj''' /c/
| '''k''' /k/
| '''q''' /q/
| '''!x''' /k!/
|-
! | <small>prenasalized</small>
| '''mp''' /ᵐp/
| '''nt''' /ⁿt/
| '''rnt''' /ᶯʈ/
| '''ntj''' /ᶮc/
| '''nk''' /ᵑk/
| '''nq''' /ᶰq/
| '''nk!x''' /ᵑk!/
|-
! colspan="2" |Trill
|  
|  
| '''rr''' /r/
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| '''ʀ''' /ʀ/
|  
|  
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |Approximant
!rowspan=3| Stop
! | <small>central</small>
! <small>plain</small>
| p
| t
|
|  
|  
|colspan="2"| '''r''' /ɹ~ɻ/
| k
| '''y''' /j/
| kw
| '''w''' /w/
|  
|  
|  
|  
| ʔ
|-
|-
! | <small>lateral</small>
! <small>voiced</small>
| b
| d
|
|
| g
| gw
|  
|  
| '''l''' /l/
| '''rl''' /ɭ/
| '''ly''' /ʎ/
| '''lg''' /ʟ/
|  
|  
|  
|  
|}
===Vowels===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; "| &nbsp;
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Front
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
|-
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
! <small>ejective</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| pʼ
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| tʼ
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
|
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
|
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| kʼ
| kwʼ
| qʼ
| qwʼ
|  
|-
|-
! style="" |Close
!rowspan=3| Affricate
| '''i''' /i/
! <small>plain</small>
| '''ii''' /iː/
|
| c
| ξ
| č
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| '''u''' /u/
| '''uu''' /uː/
|-
|-
! style="" |Mid
! <small>voiced</small>
| '''e''' /e/
|
| '''ee''' /eː/
| z
|
| j
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| '''o''' /o/
| '''oo''' /oː/
|-
|-
! style="" |Open
! <small>ejective</small>
|  
|  
| cʼ
| ξʼ
| čʼ
|  
|  
| '''a''' /a/
| '''aa''' /aː/
|  
|  
|  
|  
|
|
|-
!colspan=2| Fricative
|
| s
| σ
| š
|
| xw
| χ
| χw
| h
|-
!colspan=2| Approximant
|
|
|
| y
|
| w
| ȝ
| ȝw
|
|}
|}


Diphthongs: '''ai au''' /ai au/
===Vowels===
Clear vowels: ''i u ə a''
 
==Grammar==
Noun class system got weird - formal noun classes remain but the words semantically shift as in Sanskrit
 
===Nouns===
====Noun classes====
Sacred Swuntsim had a noun class system like the Bantu languages. There were 12 noun classes, which are numbered as follows:
#''ʔə-'', pl. ''cə-''
#''bu-'', pl. ''də-''
#''p-'', pl. ''əpi-''
#''s-'', pl. ''dus-''
#''ut-'', pl. ''pσə-''
#''ma-'', pl. ''əwə-''
#''č-'', pl. ''abi-''
#''gu-'', pl. ''N-''
#''σi-'', pl. ''wi-''
#''t-''
#''t’im-''
#''pda-''
 
====Cases====
*Nominative: ''-0''
*Genitive: ''-s''
 
===Verbs===
====Noun class prefixes====
*I = ''kwə-/kw-''
*you (sg) = ''xwə-/xw-''
*we = ''wə-''
*you (pl) = ''cu-''
*Noun class prefixes:
*#''ʔə-'', pl. ''cə-/c-''
*#''bu-'', pl. ''də-/d-''
*#''p-'', pl. ''əpi-/əp-''
*#''s-'', pl. ''dus-''
*#''ut-'', pl. ''pσə-/pσ-''
*#''ma-/mə-'', pl. ''əwə-/u-''
*#''k-/č-'', pl. ''abi-/əb-''
*#''gu-'', pl. ''N-''
*#''σi-/σ-'', pl. ''wi-''
*#''ti-/t-'', no plural
*#''t’im-'', no plural
*#''pda-/pdə-'' (common for abstract nouns), no plural


====Tense affixes====
''-s'' - past tense
===Numbers===
===Numbers===
*1: ''tjane''
[[Category:Tsimulh languages|*]]
*2: ''ayirr''
[[Category:Proto-Tie–Dye]][[Category:Tie–Dye languages|*]][[Category:Proto-languages]][[Category:Hussmauch]]

Latest revision as of 03:08, 9 June 2020

Sacred Swuntsim/Swadesh list

Old Swuntsim (tiSxwəncim) was the ancient Tsimulh language spoken by the Swuntsim people. It is still used as a liturgical language among religious Swuntsim.

Descendants:

GMP

Tsimulh low tone > breathy voice (vowels not devoiced yet; devoiced vowels are partly merged)

Two consecutive breathy vowels > just the first vowel drops.

Satemization

Phonology

Sacred Swuntsim lost Proto-Tsimulh tones.

Consonants

Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
central lateral plain labialized plain labialized
Nasal m n
Stop plain p t k kw ʔ
voiced b d g gw
ejective pʼ tʼ kʼ kwʼ qʼ qwʼ
Affricate plain c ξ č
voiced z j
ejective cʼ ξʼ čʼ
Fricative s σ š xw χ χw h
Approximant y w ȝ ȝw

Vowels

Clear vowels: i u ə a

Grammar

Noun class system got weird - formal noun classes remain but the words semantically shift as in Sanskrit

Nouns

Noun classes

Sacred Swuntsim had a noun class system like the Bantu languages. There were 12 noun classes, which are numbered as follows:

  1. ʔə-, pl. cə-
  2. bu-, pl. də-
  3. p-, pl. əpi-
  4. s-, pl. dus-
  5. ut-, pl. pσə-
  6. ma-, pl. əwə-
  7. č-, pl. abi-
  8. gu-, pl. N-
  9. σi-, pl. wi-
  10. t-
  11. t’im-
  12. pda-

Cases

  • Nominative: -0
  • Genitive: -s

Verbs

Noun class prefixes

  • I = kwə-/kw-
  • you (sg) = xwə-/xw-
  • we = wə-
  • you (pl) = cu-
  • Noun class prefixes:
    1. ʔə-, pl. cə-/c-
    2. bu-, pl. də-/d-
    3. p-, pl. əpi-/əp-
    4. s-, pl. dus-
    5. ut-, pl. pσə-/pσ-
    6. ma-/mə-, pl. əwə-/u-
    7. k-/č-, pl. abi-/əb-
    8. gu-, pl. N-
    9. σi-/σ-, pl. wi-
    10. ti-/t-, no plural
    11. t’im-, no plural
    12. pda-/pdə- (common for abstract nouns), no plural

Tense affixes

-s - past tense

Numbers

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