Tłkaw: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
(100 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:


{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|name = Tłkaw
|nativename =
|pronunciation= 
|setting = [[Verse:Hmøøh]]
|region = East Talma
|speakers= 6 million
|date=13b0dd
|familycolor= Lakovic
|fam1=[[Lakovic]]
|script=ǃTłkaw script
|iso3=
|notice=IPA
}}
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''dgē Tłkaw'' /ŋ{{tiebar}}!ɜː kǁaw/; ''dgē'' is related to Naeng ''tnger'' 'voice') is a Lakovic language spoken by the Tłkaw people in Eastern Talma. It's inspired by Hebrew, Nama, Zulu, and !Xóõ. It's in a sprachbund with [[Yacavestub]] and [[Wiobian]].


<!--
!xu||xam!xai


This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
The demonnym ''Tłkaw'' comes from PLak *lakof 'human'.


I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
Clickhmoob relative?
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.
 
-->


==Introduction==
==Introduction==


<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
<!-- Example categories/headings:
Goals
Setting
Inspiration
-->
<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
<!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:
Vowel inventory
Consonant inventory
Syllable structure
Stress
Intonation
-->
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Orthography===
Largely phonetic; use ligatures for clicks
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
A lot of clicks - voicing and/or aspiration is neutralized in post-tonal clicks, however.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} consonants'''
! colspan="2"|
! | Labial
! | Alveolar
! | Lateral
! | Palatal
! | Velar
! | Glottal
|-
! rowspan="2" |Click
! | <small>voiceless</small>
| colspan="6"| '''pk''' /kʘ/, '''tk''' /k!/, '''tsk''' /kǀ/, '''tłk''' /kǁ/
|-
! | <small>voiced</small>
| colspan="6"| '''bg''' /ŋʘ~ɡʘ/, '''dg''' /ŋ!~ɡ!/, '''dsg''' /ŋǀ~ɡǀ/, '''dłg''' /ŋǁ~ɡǁ/
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
| '''n''' /n/
|
|
| '''{{ng}}''' /ŋ/
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plosive
! | <small>voiceless</small>
| '''p''' /p/
| '''t''' /t/
|
|
| '''k''' /k/
| /ʔ-/
|-
! | <small>voiced</small>
| '''b''' /b/
| '''d''' /d/
|
|
| '''g''' /ɡ/
|
|-
! | <small>implosive</small>
| '''qb''' /ɓ/
| '''qd''' /ɗ/
|
|
| '''qg''' /ɠ/
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Fricative
|
| '''s''' /s/, '''z''' /z/
| '''ł'''
| '''š''' /ʃ/, '''ž''' /{{ž}}/
| '''x''' /x/
| '''h''' /h/
|-
! colspan="2" |Affricate
|
| '''ts''' /ts/
| '''tł'''
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | Resonant
| '''w''' /w/
| '''r''' /ɾ/
| '''l''' /l/
| '''y''' /j/
|
|
|}


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
/a i u a: i: u: ai au ə/ '''a i u â î û ai au e'''
a e i o u + diphthongs (PLak a and ā merge by default, except āy > ay, ay > ey)


/ə/ is a common outcome of vowel reduction and can only occur in unstressed syllables.
e i cemtralize after !


===Prosody===
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Stress====
====Intonation====
====Intonation====
{{PAGENAME}} has a distinctive intonation paradigm, similar to Irish English or Valspeak.
*In declarative sentences, the stressed syllable of the focus word (if there is no focused constituent, the last word) has a lower pitch than the immediately preceding syllable. ("...mid ꜜ LOW mid...") This originates from discursive uptalk in older forms of {{PAGENAME}}, which has since generalized to all declarative sentences. A few relatively isolated accents do not use this pattern.
*In interrogative sentences, the stressed syllable of the focus word has a higher pitch than the syllable immediately before. ("... mid ꜛ HIGH mid ... ?")
*In exclamations, the pattern is "... mid ꜜ LOW-HIGH mid ... !", possibly with a gradual drop to low pitch in the end. Angry or indignant questions also use an exclamatory intonation.


===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
Line 56: Line 120:
===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
Should be Hebrew in ways Windermere is not; gender and number agreement on adjectives and verbs


<!-- Here are some example subcategories:
Inflectional morphology:
=== Nouns ===
* construct state
* Animate nouns form plurals by partial redup


Nouns
=== Verbs ===
Adjectives
* Present tense bi- (from the agentive)
Verbs
* Past: r infix participle
Adverbs
* Future and imperative: unmarked form
Particles
Derivational morphology
 
-->


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
more head-final than Naeng
===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
===Noun phrase===
===Noun phrase===
Line 78: Line 142:


==Example texts==
==Example texts==
==Poetry==
Tłkaw should have Welsh style cynghanedd
where there are rules on which syllables have clicks in a poem
==Other resources==
==Other resources==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->

Latest revision as of 22:55, 14 June 2023

Tłkaw
Created byIlL
SettingVerse:Hmøøh
Native speakers6 million (13b0dd)
Lakovic
  • Tłkaw
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Tłkaw (dgē Tłkaw /ŋ͡!ɜː kǁaw/; dgē is related to Naeng tnger 'voice') is a Lakovic language spoken by the Tłkaw people in Eastern Talma. It's inspired by Hebrew, Nama, Zulu, and !Xóõ. It's in a sprachbund with Yacavestub and Wiobian.

!xu||xam!xai

The demonnym Tłkaw comes from PLak *lakof 'human'.

Clickhmoob relative?

Introduction

Phonology

Orthography

Largely phonetic; use ligatures for clicks

Consonants

Tłkaw consonants
Labial Alveolar Lateral Palatal Velar Glottal
Click voiceless pk /kʘ/, tk /k!/, tsk /kǀ/, tłk /kǁ/
voiced bg /ŋʘ~ɡʘ/, dg /ŋ!~ɡ!/, dsg /ŋǀ~ɡǀ/, dłg /ŋǁ~ɡǁ/
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ŋ /ŋ/
Plosive voiceless p /p/ t /t/ k /k/ /ʔ-/
voiced b /b/ d /d/ g /ɡ/
implosive qb /ɓ/ qd /ɗ/ qg /ɠ/
Fricative s /s/, z /z/ ł š /ʃ/, ž /ʒ/ x /x/ h /h/
Affricate ts /ts/ tł
Resonant w /w/ r /ɾ/ l /l/ y /j/

Vowels

a e i o u + diphthongs (PLak a and ā merge by default, except āy > ay, ay > ey)

e i cemtralize after !

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Should be Hebrew in ways Windermere is not; gender and number agreement on adjectives and verbs

Inflectional morphology:

Nouns

  • construct state
  • Animate nouns form plurals by partial redup

Verbs

  • Present tense bi- (from the agentive)
  • Past: r infix participle
  • Future and imperative: unmarked form

Syntax

more head-final than Naeng

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Poetry

Tłkaw should have Welsh style cynghanedd

where there are rules on which syllables have clicks in a poem

Other resources

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Tłkaw&oldid=309497"