I Kronurum verb conjugation paradigms: Difference between revisions
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There are five basic verb conjugation paradigms or classes | There are five basic verb conjugation paradigms or classes: | ||
:{{sc|i}} ''-nur'', | |||
:{{sc|ii}} ''-tur'', | |||
::{{sc|ii}}<small>.a</small> ''-dur'', | |||
:{{sc|iii}} ''-rur'', | |||
:{{sc|iv}} ''-jur'', | |||
:{{sc|v}} ''-kur''. | |||
While the tables could be less redundant, they are meant to aid in the search for the correct suffix, thus presenting all forms already in the manner in which they should be applied. | While the tables could be less redundant, they are meant to aid in the search for the correct suffix, thus presenting all forms already in the manner in which they should be applied. | ||
The first vowels in the roots marked as "√´-" (i.e., "root+acute accent") undergo a sound change we call a form of ''umlaut'' (e.g. ''kronur'' /ˈkɾo̞.nuɾ/ {{sc|1s.pres.ind.act}} → ''krónur'' /ˈkɾu̹.nuɾ/ {{sc|1s.pres.subj.act}}). See the phonology section. | The first vowels in the roots marked as "√´-" (i.e., "root+acute accent") undergo a sound change we call a form of ''umlaut'' (e.g. ''kronur'' /ˈkɾo̞.nuɾ/ {{sc|1s.pres.ind.act}} → ''krónur'' /ˈkɾu̹.nuɾ/ {{sc|1s.pres.subj.act}}). See the [[I_Kronurum#Umlaut_and_diphthongs_by_umlaut|phonology section]] in the main article for more detail. | ||
=Verb conjugation paradigms= | =Verb conjugation paradigms= | ||
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:Mostly verbs of movement. | :Mostly verbs of movement. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="9"| {{sc|finite forms}} | ! colspan="9"| {{sc|finite forms}} | ||
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:Mostly stative verbs. | :Mostly stative verbs. | ||
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! colspan="9"| {{sc|finite forms}} | ! colspan="9"| {{sc|finite forms}} | ||
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:Attenuated verbs of the first class (''-t·nur'' → ''-dur'') are conjugated by analogy after the conjugation of the second class (''-tur''). | :Attenuated verbs of the first class (''-t·nur'' → ''-dur'') are conjugated by analogy after the conjugation of the second class (''-tur''). | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="9"| {{sc|finite forms}} | ! colspan="9"| {{sc|finite forms}} | ||
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:[...] | :[...] | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="9"| {{sc|finite forms}} | ! colspan="9"| {{sc|finite forms}} | ||
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:Mostly verbs of some abstraction (e.g. derived causative verbs). | :Mostly verbs of some abstraction (e.g. derived causative verbs). | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="9"| {{sc|finite forms}} | ! colspan="9"| {{sc|finite forms}} | ||
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:[...] | :[...] | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="9"| {{sc|finite forms}} | ! colspan="9"| {{sc|finite forms}} | ||
Latest revision as of 21:04, 9 October 2017
There are five basic verb conjugation paradigms or classes:
- i -nur,
- ii -tur,
- ii.a -dur,
- iii -rur,
- iv -jur,
- v -kur.
While the tables could be less redundant, they are meant to aid in the search for the correct suffix, thus presenting all forms already in the manner in which they should be applied.
The first vowels in the roots marked as "√´-" (i.e., "root+acute accent") undergo a sound change we call a form of umlaut (e.g. kronur /ˈkɾo̞.nuɾ/ 1s.pres.ind.act → krónur /ˈkɾu̹.nuɾ/ 1s.pres.subj.act). See the phonology section in the main article for more detail.
Verb conjugation paradigms
i. -nur
- Mostly verbs of movement.
| finite forms | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | subjunctive | imperative | ||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||||
| past | singular | |||||||
| 1 | √-nura | þar √-nura | √´-nura | þar √´-nura | n/a | |||
| 2 | √-neþan | þar √-neþan | √´-neþan | þar √´-neþan | ||||
| 3 | anim | √-naran | þar √-naran | √´-naran | þar √´-naran | |||
| inan | √-nera | þar √-nera | √´-nera | þar √´-nera | ||||
| ind | √-nturan | þar √-nturan | √´-nturan | þar √´-nturan | ||||
| plural | ||||||||
| 1 | √-nurtan | þar √-nurtan | √´-nurtan | þar √´-nurtan | ||||
| 2 | √-néþan | þar √-néþan | √´-néþan | þar √´-néþan | ||||
| 3 | anim | √-náran | þar √-náran | √´-náran | þar √´-náran | |||
| inan | √-néren | þar √-néren | √´-néren | þar √´-néren | ||||
| ind | √-nturan | þar √-nturan | √´-nturan | þar √´-nturan | ||||
| present | singular | |||||||
| 1 | √-nur | þar √-nur | √´-nur | þar √´-nur | n/a | |||
| 2 | √-neþ | þar √-neþ | √´-neþ | þar √´-neþ | √-neþur | |||
| 3 | anim | √-nara | þar √-nara | √´-nara | þar √´-nara | √-niri | ||
| inan | √-nere | þar √-nere | √´-nere | þar √´-nere | ||||
| ind | √-ntur | þar √-ntur | √´-ntur | þar √´-ntur | ||||
| plural | ||||||||
| 1 | √-nurtu | þar √-nurtu | √´-nurtu | þar √´-nurtu | n/a | |||
| 2 | √-néþu | þar √-néþu | √´-néþu | þar √´-néþu | √-néþur | |||
| 3 | anim | √-náru | þar √-náru | √´-náru | þar √´-náru | √-níri | ||
| inan | √-nére | þar √-nére | √´-nére | þar √´-nére | ||||
| ind | √-nturu | þar √-nturu | √´-nturu | þar √´-nturu | ||||
| future | singular | |||||||
| 1 | √-sur | þar √-sur | √´-sur | þar √´-sur | n/a | |||
| 2 | √-set | þar √-set | √´-set | þar √´-set | ||||
| 3 | anim | √-sar | þar √-sar | √´-sar | þar √´-sar | |||
| inan | √-ser | þar √-ser | √´-ser | þar √´-ser | ||||
| ind | √-þur | þar √-þur | √´-þur | þar √´-þur | ||||
| plural | ||||||||
| 1 | √-su | þar √-su | √´-su | þar √´-su | ||||
| 2 | √-sétur | þar √-sétur | √´-sétur | þar √´-sétur | ||||
| 3 | anim | √-sárur | þar √-sárur | √´-sárur | þar √´-sárur | |||
| inan | √-séru | þar √-séru | √´-séru | þar √´-séru | ||||
| ind | √-þurtu | þar √-þurtu | √´-þurtu | þar √´-þurtu | ||||
| non-finite forms | ||||||||
| infinitive | √-nni | |||||||
| past participle | e(n)-√-nuri | |||||||
| present participle | ë-nna | |||||||
ii. -tur
- Mostly stative verbs.
| finite forms | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | subjunctive | imperative | ||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||||
| past | singular | |||||||
| 1 | √-tura | þar √-tura | √´-tura | þar √´-tura | n/a | |||
| 2 | √-teþan | þar √-teþan | √´-teþan | þar √´-teþan | ||||
| 3 | anim | √-taran | þar √-taran | √´-taran | þar √´-taran | |||
| inan | √-tera | þar √-tera | √´-tera | þar √´-tera | ||||
| ind | √-turan | þar √-turan | √´-ðuran | þar √´-ðuran | ||||
| plural | ||||||||
| 1 | √-turtan | þar √-turtan | √´-turtan | þar √´-turtan | ||||
| 2 | √-téþan | þar √-téþan | √´-téþan | þar √´-téþan | ||||
| 3 | anim | √-táran | þar √-táran | √´-táran | þar √´-táran | |||
| inan | √-téren | þar √-téren | √´-téren | þar √´-téren | ||||
| ind | √-ðuran | þar √-ðuran | √´-ðuran | þar √´-ðuran | ||||
| present | singular | |||||||
| 1 | √-tur | þar √-tur | √´-tur | þar √´-tur | n/a | |||
| 2 | √-teþ | þar √-teþ | √´-teþ | þar √´-teþ | √-teþur | |||
| 3 | anim | √-tara | þar √-tara | √´-tara | þar √´-tara | √-tiri | ||
| inan | √-tere | þar √-tere | √´-tere | þar √´-tere | ||||
| ind | √-ttur | þar √-ttur | √´-ður | þar √´-ttur | ||||
| plural | ||||||||
| 1 | √-turtu | þar √-turtu | √´-turtu | þar √´-turtu | n/a | |||
| 2 | √-téþu | þar √-téþu | √´-téþu | þar √´-téþu | √-téþur | |||
| 3 | anim | √-táru | þar √-táru | √´-táru | þar √´-táru | √-tíri | ||
| inan | √-tére | þar √-tére | √´-tére | þar √´-tére | ||||
| ind | √-turu | þar √-ðuru | √´-ðuru | þar √´-ðuru | ||||
| future | singular | |||||||
| 1 | √-þur | þar √-þur | √´-þur | þar √´-þur | n/a | |||
| 2 | √-þet | þar √-þet | √´-þet | þar √´-þet | ||||
| 3 | anim | √-þar | þar √-þa | √´-þar | þar √´-þar | |||
| inan | √-þer | þar √-þer | √´-þer | þar √´-þer | ||||
| ind | √-þur | þar √-þur | √´-þur | þar √´-þur | ||||
| plural | ||||||||
| 1 | √-þu | þar √-þu | √´-þu | þar √´-þu | ||||
| 2 | √-þétur | þar √-þétur | √´-þétur | þar √´-þétur | ||||
| 3 | anim | √-þárur | þar √-þárur | √´-þárur | þar √´-þárur | |||
| inan | √-þéru | þar √-þéru | √´-þéru | þar √´-þéru | ||||
| ind | √-þurtu | þar √-þurtu | √´-þurtu | þar √´-þurtu | ||||
| non-finite forms | ||||||||
| infinitive | √-tti | |||||||
| past participle | e(n)-√-turi | |||||||
| present participle | ë-tta | |||||||
iia. -dur
- Attenuated verbs of the first class (-t·nur → -dur) are conjugated by analogy after the conjugation of the second class (-tur).
| finite forms | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | subjunctive | imperative | ||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||||
| past | singular | |||||||
| 1 | √-dura | þar √-dura | √´-dura | þar √´-dura | n/a | |||
| 2 | √-deþan | þar √-deþan | √´-deþan | þar √´-deþan | ||||
| 3 | anim | √-daran | þar √-daran | √´-daran | þar √´-daran | |||
| inan | √-dera | þar √-dera | √´-dera | þar √´-dera | ||||
| ind | √-duran | þar √-dduran | √´-ðuran | þar √´-ðuran | ||||
| plural | ||||||||
| 1 | √-durtan | þar √-durtan | √´-durtan | þar √´-durtan | ||||
| 2 | √-déþan | þar √-déþan | √´-déþan | þar √´-déþan | ||||
| 3 | anim | √-dáran | þar √-dáran | √´-dáran | þar √´-dáran | |||
| inan | √-déren | þar √-déren | √´-déren | þar √´-déren | ||||
| ind | √-ðuran | þar √-ðuran | √´-ðuran | þar √´-ðuran | ||||
| present | singular | |||||||
| 1 | √-dur | þar √-dur | √´-dur | þar √´-dur | n/a | |||
| 2 | √-deþ | þar √-deþ | √´-deþ | þar √´-deþ | √-deþur | |||
| 3 | anim | √-dara | þar √-dara | √´-dara | þar √´-dara | √-diri | ||
| inan | √-dere | þar √-dere | √´-dere | þar √´-dere | ||||
| ind | √-ddur | þar √-ddur | √´-ður | þar √´-ddur | ||||
| plural | ||||||||
| 1 | √-durtu | þar √-durtu | √´-durtu | þar √´-durtu | n/a | |||
| 2 | √-déþu | þar √-déþu | √´-déþu | þar √´-déþu | √-déþur | |||
| 3 | anim | √-dáru | þar √-dáru | √´-dáru | þar √´-dáru | √-díri | ||
| inan | √-dére | þar √-dére | √´-dére | þar √´-dére | ||||
| ind | √-duru | þar √-ðuru | √´-ðuru | þar √´-ðuru | ||||
| future | singular | |||||||
| 1 | √-þur | þar √-þur | √´-þur | þar √´-þur | n/a | |||
| 2 | √-þet | þar √-þet | √´-þet | þar √´-þet | ||||
| 3 | anim | √-þar | þar √-þa | √´-þar | þar √´-þar | |||
| inan | √-þer | þar √-þer | √´-þer | þar √´-þer | ||||
| ind | √-þur | þar √-þur | √´-þur | þar √´-þur | ||||
| plural | ||||||||
| 1 | √-þu | þar √-þu | √´-þu | þar √´-þu | ||||
| 2 | √-þétur | þar √-þétur | √´-þétur | þar √´-þétur | ||||
| 3 | anim | √-þárur | þar √-þárur | √´-þárur | þar √´-þárur | |||
| inan | √-þéru | þar √-þéru | √´-þéru | þar √´-þéru | ||||
| ind | √-þurtu | þar √-þurtu | √´-þurtu | þar √´-þurtu | ||||
| non-finite forms | ||||||||
| infinitive | √-ddi | |||||||
| past participle | e(n)-√-duri | |||||||
| present participle | ë-dda | |||||||
iii. -rur
- [...]
| finite forms | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | subjunctive | imperative | ||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||||
| past | singular | |||||||
| 1 | √-runa | þar √-runa | √´-runa | þar √´-runa | n/a | |||
| 2 | √-reþan | þar √-reþan | √´-reþan | þar √´-reþan | ||||
| 3 | anim | √-ranan | þar √-ranan | √´-ranan | þar √´-ranan | |||
| inan | √-rena | þar √-rena | √´-rena | þar √´-rena | ||||
| ind | √-rtunan | þar √-rtunan | √´-rtunan | þar √´-rtunan | ||||
| plural | ||||||||
| 1 | √-runtan | þar √-runtan | √´-runtan | þar √´-runtan | ||||
| 2 | √-réþan | þar √-réþan | √´-réþan | þar √´-réþan | ||||
| 3 | anim | √-ránan | þar √-ránan | √´-ránan | þar √´-ránan | |||
| inan | √-rénen | þar √-rénen | √´-rénen | þar √´-rénen | ||||
| ind | √-rtunan | þar √-rtunan | √´-rtunan | þar √´-rtunan | ||||
| present | singular | |||||||
| 1 | √-rur | þar √-rur | √´-rur | þar √´-rur | n/a | |||
| 2 | √-reþ | þar √-reþ | √´-reþ | þar √´-reþ | √-reþur | |||
| 3 | anim | √-rana | þar √-rana | √´-rana | þar √´-rana | √-rini | ||
| inan | √-rene | þar √-rene | √´-rene | þar √´-rene | ||||
| ind | √-rtur | þar √-rtur | √´-rtur | þar √´-rtur | ||||
| plural | ||||||||
| 1 | √-runtu | þar √-runtu | √´-runtu | þar √´-runtu | n/a | |||
| 2 | √-réþu | þar √-réþu | √´-réþu | þar √´-réþu | √-réþur | |||
| 3 | anim | √-ránu | þar √-ránu | √´-ránu | þar √´-ránu | √-ríni | ||
| inan | √-réne | þar √-réne | √´-réne | þar √´-réne | ||||
| ind | √-rturu | þar √-rturu | √´-rturu | þar √´-rturu | ||||
| future | singular | |||||||
| 1 | √-sur | þar √-sur | √´-sur | þar √´-sur | n/a | |||
| 2 | √-set | þar √-set | √´-set | þar √´-set | ||||
| 3 | anim | √-sar | þar √-sar | √´-sar | þar √´-sar | |||
| inan | √-ser | þar √-ser | √´-ser | þar √´-ser | ||||
| ind | √-þur | þar √-þur | √´-þur | þar √´-þur | ||||
| plural | ||||||||
| 1 | √-su | þar √-su | √´-su | þar √´-su | ||||
| 2 | √-sétur | þar √-sétur | √´-sétur | þar √´-sétur | ||||
| 3 | anim | √-sánur | þar √-sánur | √´-sánur | þar √´-sánur | |||
| inan | √-sénu | þar √-sénu | √´-sénu | þar √´-sénu | ||||
| ind | √-þuntu | þar √-þuntu | √´-þuntu | þar √´-þuntu | ||||
| non-finite forms | ||||||||
| infinitive | √-ŕí | |||||||
| past participle | e(n)-√-ruri | |||||||
| present participle | √´-ŕa | |||||||
iv. -jur
- Mostly verbs of some abstraction (e.g. derived causative verbs).
| finite forms | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | subjunctive | imperative | ||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||||
| past | singular | |||||||
| 1 | √-juna | þar √-juna | √´-juna | þar √´-juna | n/a | |||
| 2 | √-jeþan | þar √-jeþan | √´-jeþan | þar √´-jeþan | ||||
| 3 | anim | √-janan | þar √-janan | √´-janan | þar √´-janan | |||
| inan | √-jena | þar √-jena | √´-jena | þar √´-jena | ||||
| ind | √-jtunan | þar √-jtunan | √´-jtunan | þar √´-jtunan | ||||
| plural | ||||||||
| 1 | √-juntan | þar √-juntan | √´-juntan | þar √´-juntan | ||||
| 2 | √-jéþan | þar √-jéþan | √´-jéþan | þar √´-jéþan | ||||
| 3 | anim | √-jánan | þar √-jánan | √´-jánan | þar √´-jánan | |||
| inan | √-jénen | þar √-jénen | √´-jénen | þar √´-jénen | ||||
| ind | √-jtunan | þar √-jtunan | √´-jtunan | þar √´-jtunan | ||||
| present | singular | |||||||
| 1 | √-jur | þar √-jur | √´-jur | þar √´-jur | n/a | |||
| 2 | √-jeþ | þar √-jeþ | √´-jeþ | þar √´-jeþ | √-jeþur | |||
| 3 | anim | √-jana | þar √-jana | √´-jana | þar √´-jana | √-jini | ||
| inan | √-jene | þar √-jene | √´-jene | þar √´-jene | ||||
| ind | √-jtur | þar √-jtur | √´-jtur | þar √´-jtur | ||||
| plural | ||||||||
| 1 | √-juntu | þar √-juntu | √´-juntu | þar √´-juntu | n/a | |||
| 2 | √-jéþu | þar √-jéþu | √´-jéþu | þar √´-jéþu | √-jéþur | |||
| 3 | anim | √-jánu | þar √-jánu | √´-jánu | þar √´-jánu | √-jini | ||
| inan | √-jéne | þar √-jéne | √´-jéne | þar √´-jéne | ||||
| ind | √-jturu | þar √-jturu | √´-jturu | þar √´-jturu | ||||
| future | singular | |||||||
| 1 | √-sjur | þar √-sjur | √´-sjur | þar √´-sjur | n/a | |||
| 2 | √-sjet | þar √-sjet | √´-sjet | þar √´-sjet | ||||
| 3 | anim | √-sjar | þar √-sjar | √´-sjar | þar √´-sjar | |||
| inan | √-sjer | þar √-sjer | √´-sjer | þar √´-sjer | ||||
| ind | √-śur | þar √-śur | √´-śur | þar √´-śur | ||||
| plural | ||||||||
| 1 | √-sju | þar √-sju | √´-sju | þar √´-sju | ||||
| 2 | √-sjétur | þar √-sjétur | √´-sjétur | þar √´-sjétur | ||||
| 3 | anim | √-sjánur | þar √-sjánur | √´-sjánur | þar √´-sjánur | |||
| inan | √-sjénu | þar √-sjénu | √´-sjénu | þar √´-sjénu | ||||
| ind | √-śunt | þar √-śuntu | √´-śuntu | þar √´-śuntu | ||||
| non-finite forms | ||||||||
| infinitive | √-jti | |||||||
| past participle | e(n)-√-juri | |||||||
| present participle | ë-ja | |||||||
v. -kur
- [...]
| finite forms | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | subjunctive | imperative | ||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||||
| past | singular | |||||||
| 1 | √-kuna | þar √-kuna | √´-kuna | þar √´-kuna | n/a | |||
| 2 | √-keþan | þar √-keþan | √´-keþan | þar √´-keþan | ||||
| 3 | anim | √-kanan | þar √-kanan | √´-kanan | þar √´-kanan | |||
| inan | √-kena | þar √-kena | √´-kena | þar √´-kena | ||||
| ind | √-kkunan | þar √-kkunan | √´-kkunan | þar √´-kkunan | ||||
| plural | ||||||||
| 1 | √-kuntan | þar √-kuntan | √´-kuntan | þar √´-kuntan | ||||
| 2 | √-kéþan | þar √-kéþan | √´-kéþan | þar √´-kéþan | ||||
| 3 | anim | √-kánan | þar √-kánan | √´-kánan | þar √´-kánan | |||
| inan | √-kénen | þar √-kénen | √´-kénen | þar √´-kénen | ||||
| ind | √-kkuna | þar √-kkuna | √´-kkuna | þar √´-kkuna | ||||
| present | singular | |||||||
| 1 | √-kur | þar √-kur | √´-kur | þar √´-kur | n/a | |||
| 2 | √-keþ | þar √-keþ | √´-keþ | þar √´-keþ | √-keþur | |||
| 3 | anim | √-kana | þar √-kana | √´-kana | þar √´-kana | √-kini | ||
| inan | √-kene | þar √-kene | √´-kene | þar √´-kene | ||||
| ind | √-kkur | þar √-kkur | √´-kkur | þar √´-kkur | ||||
| plural | ||||||||
| 1 | √-kuntu | þar √-kuntu | √´-kuntu | þar √´-kuntu | n/a | |||
| 2 | √-kéþu | þar √-kéþu | √´-kéþu | þar √´-kéþu | √-kéþur | |||
| 3 | anim | √-kánu | þar √-kánu | √´-kánu | þar √´-kánu | √-kini | ||
| inan | √-kéne | þar √-kéne | √´-kéne | þar √´-kéne | ||||
| ind | √-kkuru | þar √-kkuru | √´-kkuru | þar √´-kkuru | ||||
| future | singular | |||||||
| 1 | √-skur | þar √-skur | √´-skur | þar √´-skur | n/a | |||
| 2 | √-sket | þar √-sket | √´-sket | þar √´-sket | ||||
| 3 | anim | √-skar | þar √-skar | √´-skar | þar √´-skar | |||
| inan | √-sker | þar √-sker | √´-sker | þar √´-sker | ||||
| ind | √-hur | þar √-hur | √´-hur | þar √´-hur | ||||
| plural | ||||||||
| 1 | √-sku | þar √-sku | √´-sku | þar √´-sku | ||||
| 2 | √-skétur | þar √-skétur | √´-skétur | þar √´-skétur | ||||
| 3 | anim | √-skánur | þar √-skánur | √´-skánur | þar √´-skánur | |||
| inan | √-skénu | þar √-skénu | √´-skénu | þar √´-skénu | ||||
| ind | √-hunt | þar √-huntu | √´-huntu | þar √´-huntu | ||||
| non-finite forms | ||||||||
| infinitive | √-kki | |||||||
| past participle | e(n)-√-kuri | |||||||
| present participle | ë-ka | |||||||