User:Ceige/Kamunien: Difference between revisions
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(Fixed the table, added some explanation to pronominal verb endings.) |
(Added and clarified nominalisation) |
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The arguments for an Eskimo-Aleut relationship are similar to the arguments for a Uralic relationship. | The arguments for an Eskimo-Aleut relationship are similar to the arguments for a Uralic relationship. | ||
* The Spacial cases ({{sc|loc, abl, | * The Spacial cases ({{sc|loc, abl, ine, ill, ins dat, all, exe, ela, pro}}) bear strong similarities to the case systems of several Inuit languages, such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenlandic_language#Case Greenlandic] and [http://www.tusaalanga.ca/node/1111 Inuktitut]. There appear to be additional innovations, and several absences, however. | ||
* The numbers correlate once again to Greenlandic and [http://www.tusaalanga.ca/node/1108 Inuktitut]. | * The numbers correlate once again to Greenlandic and [http://www.tusaalanga.ca/node/1108 Inuktitut]. | ||
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| Ablative || -(e)ta || -(i)kka || -(i)tta || [{{sc|abl/par/gen/ben}}] | | Ablative || -(e)ta || -(i)kka || -(i)tta || [{{sc|abl/par/gen/ben}}] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Locative || -mi || -ngi || -ni || at | | Locative || -mi || -ngi || -ni || at, with | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ablative || -mit || -ngit || -nit || from | | Ablative || -mit || -ngit || -nit || from | ||
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In total, there are approximately 15-17 cases (45-51 declension items), depending on who is describing the language. | In total, there are approximately 15-17 cases (45-51 declension items), depending on who is describing the language. | ||
==== Nominalisation of Phrases ==== | |||
An entire phrase in Kamut can be nominalised using ''-(a)no''. This has been noted as a similarity between Kamut and Japanese (-no), although others have explained it as being an ablauted emphatic form of the Genitive ending. | |||
Thus, ''kamungunen ano'' (bear-{{sc|du-obl-ela nmz}}) = "the thing about exiting the two bears". | |||
Alternatively, ''-(u)va'' exists, although this is used as a quotation and question marker amongst other uses. This can be clarified by prosody (questions have a change in pitch) or by context and judgement calls by the listener. | |||
''Kamunienami va...'' = "as for that thing you said about being with the Kamut people...". | |||
=== Verbs === | === Verbs === | ||
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The pronominal endings for verbs follow a similar system to noun-cases, but the i/u distinction is instead extrapolated the sense of the speaker being the ''source'' (-i-) and the other being the ''destination'' (-u-) of the speech activity. In this sense, the grammar of Kamut breaks the fourth wall of the sentence's semantics. | The pronominal endings for verbs follow a similar system to noun-cases, but the i/u distinction is instead extrapolated the sense of the speaker being the ''source'' (-i-) and the other being the ''destination'' (-u-) of the speech activity. In this sense, the grammar of Kamut breaks the fourth wall of the sentence's semantics. | ||
There is overlap between the case system and the pronominal system as far as -mi {{sc|loc}} and {{sc|1s}} are concerned. This is normally solved by context. | |||
== References and Notes == | == References and Notes == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||