Dundulanyä: Difference between revisions
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===Verbs (''darūmmai'')=== | ===Verbs (''darūmmai'')=== | ||
Dundulanyä | The verb (''darūmma'', pl. ''darūmmai'') is the most inflected part of speech in Dundulanyä. Forms are quite complex and generally formed in an agglutinative manner - even if there are fusional elements for what concerns tense, aspect, and subject agreement. | ||
The language has an [[w:Symmetrical voice|Austronesian-type]] morphosyntactic alignment, and the argument the verb agrees with is controlled by a particular morpheme inside the verb complex. Due to the complex structure, a single verb form can often correspond to a more complex English sentence, as e.g. ''kujadumbhyaimyūsaded'' (I've been told that the two of you are bringing [it] again (on foot) from outside at my/our place for him/her), a form of the root ''dombh-'' (to bring on foot, with the hands), morphemically ''kuḍ-sa-dumbh-ya-emi-ū-sa-de=d''. | |||
The morpheme order of Dundulanyä verbs is the following; elements in '''bold''' are required, even if some of them may be zero morphemes: | The morpheme order of Dundulanyä verbs is the following; elements in '''bold''' are required, even if some of them may be zero morphemes: | ||
{| class="redtable lightredbg" | {| class="redtable lightredbg" | ||
|+ Dundulanyä verb structure | |+ Dundulanyä verb structure | ||
|- | |- | ||
! -3 !! -2 !! -1 !! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 | ! -3 !! -2 !! -1 !! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan=2 | Positional prefix || rowspan=2 | ''-sa-''<br/>inverse deixis prefix || Incorporated verbal root || rowspan=2 | '''Stem''' || rowspan=2 | Tense markers || rowspan=2 | Ablative motion marker || rowspan=2 | '''Evidential marker''' || rowspan=2 | Causative or applicative marker || rowspan=2 | '''Trigger/voice''' || rowspan=2 | '''Personal agreement''' || rowspan=2 | Dative agreement || rowspan=2 | Verb-final conjunctions | | rowspan=2 | Positional prefix || rowspan=2 | ''-sa-''<br/>inverse deixis prefix || Incorporated verbal root || rowspan=2 | '''Stem''' || rowspan=2 | Tense markers || rowspan=2 | Ablative motion marker || rowspan=2 | '''Evidential marker''' || rowspan=2 | Irrealis marker<br/>(''-g-'') || rowspan=2 | Causative or applicative marker || rowspan=2 | '''Trigger/voice''' || rowspan=2 | '''Personal agreement''' || rowspan=2 | Dative agreement || rowspan=2 | Verb-final conjunctions | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| Incorporated nominal root | || Incorporated nominal root | ||