I Kronurum: Difference between revisions
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=GRAMMAR= | =GRAMMAR= | ||
In a nutshell: | |||
OSV | |||
N/A | |||
Pro-drop | |||
[...] | |||
==PHONOLOGY== | ==PHONOLOGY== | ||
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| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Open''' | | style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Open''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Vowel allophony==== | |||
'''·''' /ɑ/ becomes /ɐ/ in unstressed syllables and /a/ in word medial unstressed syllables. | |||
'''·''' /e̞/ becomes /ɘ/ in unstressed syllables and /ɛ/ in word medial unstressed syllables. | |||
====Umlaut and dypthongues by umlaut==== | ====Umlaut and dypthongues by umlaut==== | ||
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====Onset mutations==== | ====Onset mutations==== | ||
Onset mutations posit a great challenge for the diachronic analysis of I Kronurum. Since the previous stages of the language are not yet well documented, most of the information on this regard is a matter of scientific speculation. | |||
Given the data available and the currently valid synchronic analysis, they are analysed as conforming a continuum of mutation grades from 0 to 2. The 0 degree of mutation is that of the onset consonant as it appears in the citation form of the root (nominative, unmarked). A first and second degree of mutation will be triggered by the prepositions governing the genitive and the accusative cases: the preposition ‹ó› governs the genitive (GEN) and triggers the first degree of mutation. The preposition ‹tró› governs the accusative (ACC) and triggers the second degree of mutation. Thus the mutations of ‹d› /d/, ‹ð› /ð/ and ‹þ› /θ/, are considered part of a continuum as in the example below. | |||
Eg. ''duma'' {fox:{{sc|nom}}}, ''ó ðumen'' {{lcbr}}{{sc|gen}} fox-{{sc|gen}}{{rcbr}}, ''tró þuma'' {{lcbr}}{{sc|acc}} fox-{{sc|acc}}{{rcbr}} | |||
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" | |||
! colspan=3 | Mutation grade | |||
|- | |||
!0||1||2 | |||
|- | |||
|b- /b/~/β/ ||p- /p/ ||f- /f/ | |||
|- | |||
|d- /d/ ||ð- /ð/ ||þ- /θ/ | |||
|- | |||
|f- /f/ ||p- /p/ ||b- /b/~/β/ | |||
|- | |||
|h- /h/~/χ/ ||k- /k/ ||g- /g/~/ɣ/ | |||
|- | |||
|j- /j/ ||jw- /jʷ/ ||ñ- /ɲ/ | |||
|- | |||
|k- /k/ ||g- /g/~/ɣ/ ||h- /h/~/χ/ | |||
|- | |||
|l- /l/ ||l- /l / ||lh- /ɬ/ | |||
|- | |||
|m- /m/ ||mw- /mʷ/ ||w- /w/ | |||
|- | |||
|n- /n/ ||nw- /nʷ/ ||ñ- /ɲ/ | |||
|- | |||
|s- /s/ ||þ- /θ/ ||ś- /ʃ/ | |||
|- | |||
|t- /t/ ||d- /d/ ||ð- /ð/ | |||
|- | |||
|w- /w/ ||gw- /gʷ/ ||ƕ- /hw/~/hv/ | |||
|} | |||
Some of the occurring phenomena are nasalization, labialization, palatalization, velarization, fricativization, voicing and devoicing. | |||
===Other contextual phonological phenomena=== | |||
There are some morpho-phonological phenomena that need yet to be properly described. This is a sample of those: | |||
'''·''' -ren-rin- → -relin- | |||
'''·''' jw+u /jʷu/ → jub- /juβ/ [+labialization][+methatesis] sky ''juska'' /ˈjus.kɐ/, ''ó jubsken'' /ʔu̹.ˈjuβs.ke̞n/ | |||
'''·''' /u̜.j/ → /ui̯/ fish ''strójr'' /ˈstɾu̜.jɾ̩/ ; fish (pl.) ''strójran'' /ˈstɾui̯.ɾɐn/ | |||
'''·''' -/m/ /b/- → -/mb̥/- ''som breja'' /ˈso̞m.ˌb̥ɾe̞.jɐ/ | |||
===Syllable structure=== | ===Syllable structure=== | ||
The structure of the longest possible syllable is (C)(C)(C){{sc|nu}}(C)(N/R), where the nucleus {{sc|nu}} must be either a vowel or a syllabic [R] or [N]. In coda position, a cluster can end either with a nasal, ''N'', or a rhotic, ''R''. | |||
==MORPHOLOGY== | ==MORPHOLOGY== | ||
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===Verbal morphology=== | ===Verbal morphology=== | ||
====Verb conjugation paradigms==== | ====Verb conjugation paradigms==== | ||
===== | ====={{sc|i}}. ''-nur''===== | ||
===== | ====={{sc|ii}}. ''-tur''===== | ||
===== | ====={{sc|iii}}. ''-rur''===== | ||
===== | ====={{sc|iv}}. ''-jur''===== | ||
====Verbal aspect markers==== | ====Verbal aspect markers==== | ||
====Particles and affixes==== | ====Particles and affixes==== | ||