User:Ceige/Ancient: Difference between revisions
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==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
=== === | ===Comparison of Morphology=== | ||
<!-- Hattic informed by https://app.box.com/shared/2n64ab7i2d and http://www.philology.ru/linguistics4/dunayevskaya-dyakonov-79.htm --> | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Cases !! Hurrian !! Urartian !! Hattic !! Sumerian !! Elamite !! P.Indo-European !! P.Uralic | |||
|- | |||
! Absolutive | |||
| -Ø <sup>-Ø, -lla </sup>|| -Ø <sup> -lə </sup>|| -- || -Ø || || -- || -- | |||
|- | |||
! Accusative | |||
| -- || -- || -Ø, -šu/-tu || -- || -n || -m || -m | |||
|- | |||
! Nominative | |||
| -- || -- || -Ø || -- || || -s, -Ø || -Ø | |||
|- | |||
! Ergative | |||
| -š <sup>-šuš</sup> || -š(ə) || -- || -e || || -- || -- | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| -fe, -we <sup>-še </sup>, -ē || -i <sup> -wə </sup> || -n || -ak || (-na)<ref group=c>Earlier, personal suffixes with a possible epenthetic -i were used</ref> || -s, -sy- || -n | |||
|- | |||
! Ablative | |||
| -tan <sup>-štan </sup>|| -danə <sup> -štanə </sup>|| -- || -ta || || -s, -d || -ta / -tä (part) | |||
|- | |||
! Dative | |||
| -fa, -wa <sup> -ša</sup> || -ə <sup> -wə </sup>|| -- || -ra || || -ey || -- | |||
|- | |||
! Essive | |||
| -a <sup> -ša</sup>|| -- || -- || -- || || -- || -- | |||
|- | |||
! Locative | |||
| -- || -a || -i || -a, -ne || || -i, -Ø <sup>-su</sup> || -na / -nä | |||
|- | |||
! Lative | |||
| -- || -- || -- || -e || || -- || -ŋ | |||
|- | |||
! Allative / Directive | |||
| -ta <sup> -šta </sup>, -ē || -edə <sup> -štə <sup>arch</sup> </sup>|| -- || -- || || -- || -ŋ | |||
|- | |||
! Terminative | |||
| -- || -- || -- || -še || || -- || -- | |||
|- | |||
! Adverbial | |||
| -- || -- || -- || -eš || || -- || -- | |||
|- | |||
! Comitative | |||
| -ra || -ranə || -- || -da || || -- || -- | |||
|- | |||
! Instrumental | |||
| -ae || -- || -- || -- || || -h₁, -bʰi/-mi|| -- | |||
|- | |||
! Equative / Associative | |||
| -nn(i), -ōš, -nna|| -- || -- || -gen || || -- || -- | |||
|- | |||
! Ablative/Instrumental | |||
| -n(i), -ne || -nə|| -- || -- || || -- || -- | |||
|- | |||
! Remainder | |||
| HUR || URA || HAT || SUM || ELA || PIE || PUR | |||
|} | |||
{{reflist|group=c}} | |||
A list of cool morphological features: | |||
* Hurro-Urartian anaphoric suffixes (Hurr. Abs -Ø, Obl. -'''ne''', Pl. -na; Ur. Sing. '''-nə/-ne-''', Plu. Abs. -nelə, Obl. -na). | |||
* Hurro-Urartian Suffixaufnahme (basically adjectival agreement but applies to dependent nouns too) | |||
:: ''Resembles PIE -n for nominalisation/participles and Japonic -no for nominalisation'' | |||
* Urartian '''-hə''' for adjectives of belonging | |||
* Urartian '''-šə''' for abstract nouns | |||
:: ''Resembles PIE -tis.'' | |||
* Hurro-Urartian '''-lla''' and '''-š-''', Sumerian '''-(e)ne''', PIE '''-s''' and Uralic '''-ð-''' plural markers all have something in common phonologically. | |||
===Conlang cases=== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Cases !! Singular | |||
|- | |||
! Absolutive | |||
| -Ø | |||
|- | |||
! Ergative | |||
| -?? | |||
|- | |||
! Objective-Accusative | |||
| -m | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive/Originative | |||
| -ha | |||
|- | |||
! Partitive-Ablative <!-- Includes ablative and genitive functions, cf. Russian genitive-partitive --> | |||
| -ta | |||
|- | |||
! Dative-Locative? <!-- And Instrumental? --> | |||
| -i | |||
|- | |||
! Dative-Allative? | |||
| -a | |||
|- | |||
! Locative <!-- -Associative... And Instrumental? And ablative?? --> | |||
| -na | |||
|} | |||
Then combinations such as: | |||
* -mi, -ma, -man | |||
* -ti > -tši, -tan | |||
* -nana etc. | |||
Next to do: pronouns and more cases. | |||