User:Ceige/Sketch v2: Difference between revisions

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==Morphosyntactic alignment==

## Austronesian type alignment

<!-- ## Austronesian type alignment

# focus erg/acc/dir

# can focus multiple at once for clarification but that's really nom/acc then innit?

# intr can use erg/acc/dir as necessary for semantic reasons (i break smthng, I break, I dance) (e.g. bridge-wo cross.verb in japanese?)

# verb marking if necessary (cf. austronesian "passive" voice with C-um-VC)

# verb marking if necessary (cf. austronesian "passive" voice with C-um-VC)-->

The language has something close to Austronesian type "direct" alignment. This means that either the actor or patient is marked with the actor or patient marker, and the one that '''isn't''' marked as such is marked with a generic ''direct'' case marker ([[#Case]]).

For example, given "the bird helps the warrior eat the leaves", there are several ways for this to be phrased.

: ''<strong>N.B.:</strong> For the sake of brevity I am truncating the direct to -p here.''

* the ''bird'' being marked with the ''actor'' case and the ''warrior'' with the ''direct'' case

:: {| style="border: 1px solid black; background: lightyellow; text-align: center;"

|-

| '''kïłnë''' || '''k'osöp''' || '''tésikimï''' || '''kʰąplųkümas''' || '''matul'''

|-

| kïł-nO || k'os-wE-Ap || tési-kI-mU || kʰąp-lŲ-kI-mA-s || mA-tul-

|-

| bird-ACT || fight-guy-DIR || leaf-COLL-PAT || eat-INAM-COLL-NMZ-OBL || 3-eat

|-

| colspan=5 | ''The bird helps the warrior eat the leaves''

|}

* the ''warrior'' being marked with the ''patient'' case and the ''bird'' with the ''direct'' case

:: {| style="border: 1px solid black; background: lightyellow;"

|-

| '''k'osömu''' || '''kïłap''' || '''tésikimï''' || '''kʰąplųkümas''' || '''matul'''

|-

| k'os-wE-mU || kïł-Ap || tési-kI-mU || kʰąp-lŲ-kI-mA-s || mA-tul-

|-

| fight-guy-PAT || bird-DIR || leaf-COLL-PAT || eat-INAM-COLL-NMZ-OBL || 3-eat

|-

| colspan=5 | ''The warrior is helped by the bird to eat the leaves''

|}

* both being marked with their appropriate ''actor'' and ''patient'' cases, and the ''direct'' being used for something else.

:: {| style="border: 1px solid black; background: lightyellow;"

|-

| '''kïłnë''' || '''k'osömu''' || '''tésikimï''' || '''kʰąplųkümap''' || '''matul'''

|-

| kïł-nO || k'os-wE-mU || tési-kI-mU || kʰąp-lŲ-kI-mA-Ap || mA-tul-

|-

| bird-ACT || fight-guy-DIR || leaf-COLL-PAT || eat-INAM-COLL-NMZ-DIR || 3-eat

|-

| colspan=5 | ''The bird helps the warrior eat the leaves''

|}

* And then there's other crazy arrangements like:

:: {| style="border: 1px solid black; background: lightyellow;"

|-

| '''kïłnë''' || '''(o)k'osöp''' || '''tésiki''' || '''okʰąpma''' || '''tul'''

|-

| kïł-nO || (o)k'os-wE-Ap || tési-kI- || kʰąp-na-mA- || mA-tul-

|-

| bird-ACT || (HON)-fight-guy-DIR || leaf-COLL-(DIR)|| HON-eat-NMZ-(DIR) || 3-eat

|-

| colspan=5 | ''The bird helps the honourable warrior eat the leaves (honourably)''

|}

==Particles==

User:Ceige/Sketch v2: Difference between revisions

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