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Chlouvānem/Syntax: Difference between revisions
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: ''See [[Chlouvānem/Positional and motion verbs|Chlouvānem positional and motion verbs]] for spatial case usage.'' | : ''See [[Chlouvānem/Positional and motion verbs|Chlouvānem positional and motion verbs]] for spatial case usage.'' | ||
: ''See [[Chlouvānem/Calendar_and_time#Expressing_time_in_Chlouv.C4.81nem|Chlouvānem calendar § Expressing time in Chlouvānem]] for temporal case usage.'' | : ''See [[Chlouvānem/Calendar_and_time#Expressing_time_in_Chlouv.C4.81nem|Chlouvānem calendar § Expressing time in Chlouvānem]] for temporal case usage.'' | ||
===Absolute construction=== | |||
Chlouvānem may use the essive case in order to form an [[w:absolute construction|absolute construction]] which we'll call the essive absolute in this section. Much like the Latin ablative absolute, the Chlouvānem essive absolute describes a circumstance which the action takes place in: | |||
# ''ṣūbha nūlastāną gvamyų lgutatite lenaute.'' | |||
#: little. money-<small>ESS.SG</small>. nothing-<small>ACC</small>. buy-<small>SUBJ.IMPF.1SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. choose-<small>IND.PAST.1SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | |||
#: Having little money, I decided not to buy anything. | |||
# ''rālge læmililąs læmibaganarṣā nutvirek.'' | |||
#: gravel-<small>LOC.SG</small>. racing.driver-<small>ESS.SG</small>. team.principal.<small>DIR.SG</small>. be_angry-<small>IND.PAST.3SG.INTERIOR.COMMON</small>. | |||
#: [Seeing his/her] driver in the gravel, the team principal got angry. | |||
This construction is only possible as long as there is no verb, as Chlouvānem has no participles and such phrases are translated as nonreduced relative clauses. Sometimes this can be done as alternative to the essive absolute, by leaving the noun in direct case instead of using the essive, but there may be possible subtle distinctions in meaning, cf. ''rālge læmilila læmibaganarṣā nutvirek'' "as his/her driver was in the gravel, the team principal was angry", where the lack of essive absolute forces the verb ''nutvake'' to be read in a continuous, and not inceptive, sense. | |||
The essive absolute may also be used to give a reasoning in exhortations: | |||
# ''kite gu maihadhūgin : talūyi!'' | |||
#: home-<small>LOC.SG</small>. <small>NEG</small>. parent-<small>ESS.DU</small>. come-<small>OPT-IMPF.2SG.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. | |||
#: My parents aren't home, come over! | |||
===Definiteness=== | ===Definiteness=== | ||