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Chlouvānem/Syntax: Difference between revisions
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#: love-<small>ABL.SG</small>. be_happy-<small>IND.PAST.3SG.INTERIOR.COMMON</small>. | #: love-<small>ABL.SG</small>. be_happy-<small>IND.PAST.3SG.INTERIOR.COMMON</small>. | ||
#: (S)he was happy for love. | #: (S)he was happy for love. | ||
====Only==== | |||
The Chlouvānem construction for "only" is, grammatically, a comparative, with the thing that is "only" in the ablative case, compared to a positive alternative correlative (or, in some cases, ''nanū'') in a negative sentence: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = nęltayų viṣāmi gu vi ša, gu našabuṃṣanah! | |||
| gloss = 4_mark-<small>ABL.SG</small>. something_else. <small>NEG</small>=be.<small>PRES.IND.3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>.=<small>NEG</small>. | no. drought.<small>DIR.SG</small>. | |||
| translation = It's only a ''nęltayas''<ref>The lowest passing school mark used in most dioceses of the Inquisition.</ref>, it's not a disaster! | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = lārvājuṣų viñjulyom gu lå ša. | |||
| gloss = yunyalīlti_temple-<small>ABL.SG</small>. elsewhither. <small>NEG</small>=walk.<small>UNIDIR.PRES.IND.1SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>.=<small>NEG</small>. | |||
| translation = I'm just going to the temple. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = lillaukų nanū gu yaccechlašute ša. | |||
| gloss = moment-<small>ABL.SG</small>. more. <small>NEG</small>=request.<small>HUMBLE-INF</small>-do.<small>HUMBLE-PRES.IND.1SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>.=<small>NEG</small>. | |||
| translation = Just a moment, please. | |||
}} | |||
An exactly synonymous construction is made by using the negative alternative correlative in a positive sentence. It is, usually, perceived as much more formal and somewhat more posh than the above: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = lārvājuṣų guviñjulyom lå. | |||
| gloss = yunyalīlti_temple-<small>ABL.SG</small>. nowhither_else. walk.<small>UNIDIR.PRES.IND.1SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. | |||
| translation = I'm just going to the temple. | |||
}} | |||
Note that this does not apply to every single instance of English "only". "If only" is usually translated with the adverb ''lūminaise'' (from Arch. Chl. ''lūmas'' "prosperity"), while "not only" as ''gu emibunaise'' (nearly perfectly matching French "pas uniquement"). | |||
===Temporal and spatial case usage=== | ===Temporal and spatial case usage=== | ||