Aeranir Lexicon

A

aber

[ˈa.bɛɽ] n. t.
GEN.SG abrī

From PI aðros, from PME ḫešróš “fish.”

1. fish; the animal, not the food

Descendants:

• Ilesse: avru
• S'entin: avre
• Tevrés: abre

aceltiç

[aˈkɛɫ.tɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF acëltīghaṅ; PFV.PTCP acelsus; OPT.1SG acelsid; PFV.1SG acëltīvī

from ac and alta.

1. it waters me, it gives me water
   • aceltiate tlānae umō
     I water flowers for my mother.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: ajeutiga
• S'entin: ézeutie
• Tevrés: azeutía

aecū

[ˈɛː.kuː] pro.
GEN teī

From PME ḫeikuḥ.

1. first person singular pronoun; I, me, my, etc.

Clitics: NOM te; GEN tī; ACC tis

aedal

[ˈɛː.daɫ] n. c.
GEN.SG aedālis

From aedaç + -al.

1. deep, romantic love, which may sometimes be overwhelming; romantic obsession, longing, affection, care.
2. attachment, craving, desire

Descendants:

• Ilesse: eai
• S'entin: oyal
• Tevrés: eal

aedaç

[ˈɛː.dat͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF aedāghaṅ; PFV.PTCP aedātus; OPT.1SG aedārid; PFV.1SG aedāvī

From PI aiðāts, from PME ḫeid- a term of affection

1. it loves me

agiç

[ˈa.ɲɪt͡s] v. di.
IMPF.INF agëghaṅ; PFV.PTCP āctus; OPT.1SG āxid; PFV.1SG ēgī

From PI agets, from PME ḫeyy- “to sow.”

1. it gives me (time, money, goods), It donates (something) to me
   • āxe mater hānuṅ sēdis etuṅ binne
     The senator would like to donate one hundred horses to the temple of Sede.
2. it does me, it performs me, it conducts me, it rules me
   • ēge cerennum perse
     They ruled their kingdom fairly.
3. it applies me (makeup), it adds me (ornamentation, annotation)
4. it sows me, it seeds me, it scatters me, it sprinkles me
5. it spreads me far and wide

agnuṅ

[ˈãŋ.nũː] n. e.
GEN.SG agnī

From PI aŋnom, from PME ḫeyy-n-ó “seed,” from root ḫeyy “to sow.”

1. seed (of a plant), pip, kind, variety, quality, tone
2. material (for an article), matter (of a story), subject, theme
   • gēm matërir agnō dentus iovēva salvaṅ
     They wrote a book about senatorial matters.
3. cause, source
4. sperm, semen

Descendants:

• Ilesse: einu
• S'entin: ain
• Tevrés: eño

allor

[ˈal.lɔɽ] v. stat.
IMPF.INF allissī; PFV.PTCP alsus; OPT.1SG alsor; PFV.1SG alō

From PI alnōr, from PME ḫelḥ “to be grown, feed, nourished, happy, prosperous.”

1. I am fast, quick, hasty, brisk
   • hicallërur vōmen imnī
     The river is not excessively fast.
2. I am early, premature
3. I am (too) soon, not yet, (too) early

Descendants:

• Ilesse: aliga
• S'entin: allie
• Tevrés: allía

alta

[ˈaɫ.ta] n. c.
GEN.SG altae

From PI altā, from PME ḫélḥ “to be grown, feed, nourished, happy, prosperous.”

1. water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water)

Descendants:

• Ilesse: outa
• S'entin: aue
• Tevrés: ota

aqua

[ˈa.qʷa] n. c.
GEN.SG aquae

From PME ḫeqw "to open, to spread open, to unwrap," in the sense that the year opens with the spring. May also refer to the opening (blooming) of flowers.

1. spring, springtime
2. one's youth; young adulthood

Descendants:

• Ilesse: aba
• S'entin: eau
• Tevrés: agua

aquiç

[ˈa.qᶣɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF aquīghaṅ; PFV.PTCP aqtus; OPT.1SG aqsid; PFV.1SG ēquī

From PI aqʷjets, from PME ḫeqw “to open, to pry open, to spread, to invite.”

1. it opens me, unwraps me, unlocks me
2. it begins me, starts me
3. to bloom, to flower; to come to maturity, to become an adult

aqumnus

[aˈqʊ̃m.nʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG aqumnī

From PI aqʷomnos, from PME ḫeqw “to open, to pry open, to spread, to invite.”

1. a young, adolescent, youthful etc. person
   • vend aqumnur axī, hicoeliand imnōrā
     Youths should go to school, not labour in the fields.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: igunu
• S'entin: eauom
• Tevrés: agoño

archtha

[ˈark.t(ʰ)a] n. c.
GEN.SG archthae

From Dalitian árkhthos. Cognate with native varsus "geyser."

1. hot water; a bath

Descendants:

• Ilesse: irta
• S'entin: arte
• Tevrés: arta

arumnus

[aˈrʊ̃m.nʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG arumnī

From PI azomnos, from PME ḫeš “to breath, to be alive; spirit, soul.”

1. living being, animal

Descendants:

• Ilesse: irunu
• S'entin: airom
• Tevrés: aroño

astūs

[ˈas.tuːs] n. t.
GEN.SG astȳs

From PME ḫeš “to breath, to be alive; spirit, soul.”

1. soul, spirit
2. ghost, spectre, phantom

Descendants:

• Ilesse: istu
• S'entin: ât
• Tevrés: aste

āsus

[ˈaː.sʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG āsa; C.NOM.SG āsuṅ

From PI āssos from PME ḫéḥtł-to- from root ḫeḥtł “to burn, to be dry, hearth, ash.”

1. roasted, baked
2. dried

ātla

[ˈaː.tɬa] n. c.
GEN.SG ātlae

From PI ātɬā PME ḫeḥtł “to burn, to be dry, hearth, ash.”

1. alter, shrine

Descendants:

• Ilesse: aza
• S'entin: alhe
• Tevrés: azha

augeç

[ˈɔː.ɲɛt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF augēghaṅ; PFV.PTCP auctus; OPT.1SG auxid; PFV.1SG augēvī

From PI augējets, from PME ḫeugg “to know, see.”

• active:
  1. it looks at, sees, perceives (with volition) me
     • auxīte saub imterquo carmen
       I ache to see the ocean once more.
  2. it observes me, it notes me
  3. it understands, perceives, comprehends me
  4. it looks at, considers, reflects upon me
  5. it looks after, keeps an eye on, takes care of me
• middle:
  1. I look, see, perceive (without volition)
  2. I look (like something), I seem, appear
• passive:
  1. I am regarded as, seen as, thought to be
• auxiliary:
  1. to try, to try out, to test
     • augeagī tiffestëghaṅ
       They are trying to kill me.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: ouviga
• S'entin: ouïe
• Tevrés: oía

axēs

[ˈak.seːs] n. c.
GEN.SG axī

From PI aksis PME ḫecš “axis, axle, pivot.” Cognate with Dalitian axṓn, Stiric akṣaḥ.

1. school, axēs: the primary social unit of Aeranid society, wherein a child is raised by the collective community. A child is generally raised in their parent's axēs, but this is not always the case, and they may change axēs later in life. An axēs is divided into several smaller cōmur.
   • formīrate rhaeliṅ axī iūrō imëre
     I want to help my child get into a good school.
2. axle, axis, pivot, centre (of a wheel, or by extension an organisation or endeavour)
3. shoulder, collarbone

B

belliç

[ˈbɛl.lɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF bellëghaṅ; PFV.PTCP bulsus; OPT.1SG bulsid; PFV.1SG bolī

From PI dwelnets, a rebracketing of the PME nasal present infix.

1. it fills me, it fills me up

bolor

[ˈbɔ.ɫɔɽ] v. stat.
IMPF.INF bellī; PFV.PTCP boltus; OPT.1SG bellor; PFV.1SG bōlō

From PI dwelōr, from PME ddeul "to fill, to be full."

1. I am full, I am at compacity
   • bōlëre mȳneuṅ fūnēs nīrēs
     The bay was full of boats and people.
2. I am enough sufficient, adequate, proper, satisfactory
3. I am a lot, much

Descendants:

• Ilesse: boeaga
• S'entin: beuloie
• Tevrés: bolía

C

cāra

[ˈkaː.ra] n. c.
GEN.SG cārae

From PI kāzā, from PME keḫš- “to measure, to give advice."

1. measure, value, character
2. bound, limit
3. manner, method, way

Descendants:

• Ilesse: cara
• S'entin: chère
• Tevrés: cara

cāreor

[ˈkaː.re.ɔɽ] v. stat.
IMPF.INF cārēssī; PFV.PTCP cāstus; OPT.1SG cāsō; PFV.1SG cārēvō

From PI kāzējōr, from PME keḫš- “to measure, to give advice."

1. (with dative) I heal, cure, remedy, am good for or against a disease
   • cās iūs!
     Get well soon!

cārïca

[ˈkaːrː.ka] n. t.
GEN.SG cārïcae

From cāreor + -ïca.

1. medic, doctor, physician, healer

Descendants:

• Ilesse: carga
• S'entin: cherge, carique
• Tevrés: cárica

cariç

[ˈka.rɪt͡s] v. intr.
IMPF.INF carëghaṅ; PFV.PTCP cartus; OPT.1SG carrid; PFV.1SG cērī

From PI karets, from PME kḥer- “to sway, to wave.”

1. I dance (a whirling dance)
   • carrid nēcul
     I want to dance with you.
2. I flutter about, I revolve

Descendants:

• Ilesse: careaga
• S'entin: chieroie
• Tevrés: caría

carmen

[ˈkar.mɛ̃n] n. e.
GEN.SG carmïnis

From PI karmən, from PME kḥer- “to sway, to wave.” Hence also cariç.

1. ocean , sea, waters
   • auxīte saub imterquo carmen
     I ache to see the ocean once more.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: carme
• S'entin: charme
• Tevrés: cambre, carme

carta

[ˈkar.ta] n. c.
GEN.SG cartae

From cariç.

1. dance, ball, party

Descendants:

• Ilesse: carta
• S'entin: charte
• Tevrés: carta

cās

[kaːs] n. c.
GEN.SG cānis

From PI kaznis, from PME keḫš- “to measure, to give advice."

1. month
   • sumerra prīste fac cās appū
     This month will be the hottest of the year.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: cãe
• S'entin: chien
• Tevrés: can

ce

[cɛ] pro.
GEN.SG ceī

From PME ke.

1. reflexive pronoun; myself, yourself, themselves, etc.
   • ēge cerennum perse
     They ruled their kingdom fairly.

coffëriç

[ˈkɔf.fæ.rɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF cofferëghaṅ; PFV.PTCP coffertus; OPT.1SG cofferrid; PFV.1SG coffērī

From col- + feriç.

1. it puts up with me, stands me, bears me, withstands me
   • hiccoffersërate faec cartae iumïdam peraṅ
     I cannot stand the idle chatter of this party.

colindëria

[kɔˈlɪ̃n.dæ.rja] n. c.
GEN.SG colindëriae

From colindus + -ia.

1. agreement together, union, concord, accord
   • coliūcētëra colindëria axī tūghī īme
     The accord combines the two schools into one.
2. harmony, peace

Descendants:

• Ilesse: cuindeira
• S'entin: coudoire
• Tevrés: coldera

colindus

[kɔˈlɪ̃n.dʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG colindëris; E.NOM.SG colindëre

From col- + indus.

1. agreeing, of one heart, mind; concordant
2. like-minded
3. peaceful, harmonious

coliūceç

[kɔlˈjuːcɛt͡s] v. di.
IMPF.INF iūcēghaṅ; PFV.PTCP iūctus; OPT.1SG iūxid; PFV.1SG iūcēvī

From col- + iūceç.

(active)

1. it joins it with me, binds it with me

(middle)

1. it joins me together, it binds me together, it combines me
   • coliūcētëra colindëria axī tūghī īme
     The accord combines the two schools into one.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: cullujeaga
• S'entin: couilluzoie, coujuçoie
• Tevrés: coyuzía, coljucía

collïgiç

[ˈkɔl.lɨ.ɲɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF colligëghaṅ; PFV.PTCP collectus; OPT.1SG collexid; PFV.1SG collēvī

col- + legiç.

1. it assembles me, it collects me, it gathers me
   • gēs aplīdiāna collecta
     the Collected Matters of Apleidion

cōmïdus

[ˈkoː.mɨ.dʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG cōmïda; E.NOM.SG cōmïduṅ

From cōmus + -ïdus.

1. of or related to the house, home, cōmus
2. (cyclical substantive) house name, family name (from noma cōmïda), used after position or noma (if necessary).

Descendants:

• Ilesse: condu
• S'entin: cond
• Tevrés: conde, cómida

cōmīnus

[koːˈmiː.nʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG cōmīnī

From cōmus + -īnus.

1. member of a household, house, family or cōmus

Descendants:

• Ilesse: coiu
• S'entin: commin
• Tevrés: comin

cōmus

[ˈkoː.mʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG cōmī

From PME kwṓm, from root kwem "to build up, to arrange, to put together." Cognate with Dalitian phómos, Old Marian kāma, Proto-Stravonic komĭ.

1. house, home
   • auctïtor tīcōmā tlānāriō
     I can see the flower garden from my house.
2. household, family
3. the round of social order below the axēs, a house or household, where members are not necessarily related by blood, but by common interest, ideas, aims, etc. Each cōmus belongs to an axēs, wherein any children of that cōmus are educated and raised, although children or parents may choose to enter other axēs or cōmus at any time of their own will, provided they are accepted

Descendants:

• Ilesse: cõ
• S'entin: com
• Tevrés: como

contus

[ˈkɔ̃n.tʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG contī

From PME kontos, from root kenḫ "to pass through, to go through, to pass, to end; limit, bound."

1. end, stop, finish
2. bounds, limits
3. the last moment before action can take place; last chance, decisive moment
   • cīs contus tibōrānium paciendī
     Our last chance to take Tiboraniun approaches.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: contu
• S'entin: cont
• Tevrés: cuente

copiēṅsuṅ

[kɔˈpjẽː.sũː] n. e.
GEN.SG copēṅsī

From copiç + -ēṅsuṅ.

1. draft animal (e.g. ox, horse)

Descendants:

• Ilesse: cujessu
• S'entin: couvies
• Tevrés: cuyés

copiç

[ˈkɔ.pɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF copīghaṅ; PFV.PTCP coptus; OPT.1SG copsid; PFV.1SG copuī

From PI kʷopjets from PME kʷep "to tie, to bind; a knot."

1. it ties me (a knot), it binds me

Descendants:

• Ilesse: coviga
• S'entin: cœuvie
• Tevrés: covía

cops

[ˈkɔps] n. t.
GEN.SG copis

From PI kʷops from PME kʷep "to tie, to bind; a knot."

1. helmet, helm

Descendants:

• Ilesse: cove
• S'entin: cœuf
• Tevrés: cueve

cōreç

[ˈkoː.rɛt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF cōrēghaṅ; PFV.PTCP cōrtus; OPT.1SG cōrrid; PFV.1SG cōrēvī

From PI korejets, from PME kḫor-éie-, causative of root kḥer- “to sway, to wave; to bend” Hence also cariç.

1. it tortures me, to torments me
2. (middle) I am excruciating

Descendants:

• Ilesse: coreaga
• S'entin: coroie
• Tevrés: coría

cul

[kʊɫ] prep.

From PI kol from PME tł-lḥi from interrogative/relative pronoun tł.

1. together, with

cupiç

[ˈkʊ.pɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF cupëghaṅ; PFV.PTCP cuptus; OPT.1SG cupsid; PFV.1SG cūpī

From PI kupets, from PME keup "to take, to distribute."

1. it buys me, it purchases me
2. it values me, it has a high opinion of me

Descendants:

• Ilesse: cuveaga
• S'entin: couvoie
• Tevrés: covía

Ç

çala

[ˈt͡sa.ɫa] n. c.
GEN.SG çalae

From PI tsalā, from PME čeḥdł “to be hollow.”

1. bowl, cup
2. tub, cauldron
3. bucket

çalla

[ˈt͡sal.la] n. c.
GEN.SG çallae

From çala + -üla, through medial *çalola.

1. bowl, cup

Descendants:

• Ilesse: çala
• S'entin: çalle
• Tevrés: çalla

çalut

[ˈt͡sa.ɫʊt] n. e.
GEN.SG çalïtis

From çala + -ut.

1. tub, cauldron
2. bucket

çaliteus

[t͡saˈɫɪ.te.ʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG çalitea; E.NOM.SG çaliteuṅ

From çalut + -eus.

1. tub or cauldron like, container like

• (cyclical substantive)
  1. bath; bathtub (from archtha calōtea); personal bath, as opposed to a public bath (see archtha nīrïda)

Descendants:

• Ilesse: çoiza
• S'entin: cèloize
• Tevrés: çaliza

çalïtīnus

[t͡sa.ɫɨˈtiː.nʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG çalïtīnī

From çalut + -īnus.

1. chemist, alchemist, mage, magician, scientist
   • serva rēs ceçalïtīnī vecuṅ exterre
     The king ordered his alchemists to confront the disease.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: çouziu
• S'entin: cèlouïn
• Tevrés: çaldin

D

dārus

[ˈdaː.rʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG dārī

From PI dāzos, from PME ddeḫ- “to put, to prosper, to succeed.”

1. a helpful god or spirit; benevolent spirit

Descendants:

• Ilesse: daru
• S'entin: dair
• Tevrés: dar

daemō

[ˈdɛː.moː] n. t.
GEN.SG daemōnis

From PI dāimō, from PME ddeḫ- “to put, to prosper, to succeed.”

1. blessing, spell, luck

Descendants:

• Ilesse: deve
• S'entin: demmon
• Tevrés: demon

daevus

[ˈdɛː.ʋʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG daeva; E.NOM.SG daevuṅ

From PI dāiwos, from PME ddeḫ- “to put, to prosper, to succeed.”

1. kind, gracious, benevolent

Descendants:

• Ilesse: devu
• S'entin: dief
• Tevrés: dievo

deciç

[ˈdɛ.cɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF decëghaṅ; PFV.PTCP dectus; OPT.1SG dexid; PFV.1SG decuī

From PI dekets, from PME ďďek- “to hug, to embrace, to hold in arms.”

1. it embraces me, it holds me in its arms, it hugs me
   • deca rhael nīleaṅ garundā
     The child hugs their doll affectionately.
2. it harbours me (e.g. a grudge) bears me, has be (e.g. ambition), entertains me (e.g. hope, suspicion)
3. (vulgar) it has sex with me, makes love to me, sleeps with me

Descendants:

• Ilesse: dejeaga
• S'entin: desoie
• Tevrés: dezía

deç

[dɛt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF dēghaṅ; PFV.PTCP dītus; OPT.1SG dērid; PFV.1SG dī

From PI dēts, from PME ďďeḥ “to put in place; to place, to make, to do.”

(ditransitive)

1. it cause it to become me, it makes it into me, it turns it into me
   • gēm matërir agnō dentus iovēva salvaṅ
     They wrote a book about senatorial matters.

(transitive)

1. it does me
2. it serves as me (a job or position)
3. it wears me (small items of clothing, a facial expression, an aura, etc.)

(intransitive)

1. (with dative) I decide (on something)

(auxiliary)

1. I decide (to do something)
   • dīvate saub carëghaṅ
     I decided to just dance.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: deaga
• S'entin: doie
• Tevrés: día

didior

[ˈdɪ.ɟjɔɽ] v. stat.
IMPF.INF didīsī; PFV.PTCP didītus; OPT.1SG didīrō; PFV.1SG didīvī

From PI didaiōr, from PME ddeḫ “to put in place; to place, to make, to do.”

1. I am happy, I am prosperous

E

etus

[ˈɛ.tʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG etuī

From PI etwos, from PME ḥéťu-o-š from root ḥeťu "fast, swift." Cognate with Dalitian eîthos, Fyrdic eþwaz, Stiric aṭvaḥ, Old Marian aθva.

1. horse, usually for riding
   • rīptiṅ etuōnē iūs
     Can you ride a horse?
   • send etus iucātusquo arumnur çēle tūtërentur
     Riding horses and pack horses are completely different animals.

ex

[ɛks] prep.

From PI ekis, from PME ḥec “near, against.”

1. back (to, from), against
   • veṅ hānō exvecō veniendō
     You should go to the temple to prevail against the curse.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: es
• S'entin: ix
• Tevrés: eis

F

faç

[fat͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF faqqaṅ; PFV.PTCP fassus; OPT.1SG fassid; PFV.1SG fētī

Shortened from façiç, from PI θatsets, from PME dḥť-ié-ti "to do, to place, to out, to make."

1. it does me, it makes me
2. it cooks me, bakes me

Descendants:

• Ilesse: faziga
• S'entin: faizie
• Tevrés: hazía

feriç

[ˈfɛ.rɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF ferëghaṅ; PFV.PTCP fertus; OPT.1SG ferrid; PFV.1SG fērī

From PI θerets, from PME der "to hold, to carry." Cognate with Dalitian déreis, Proto-Fyrdic deridi, Proto-Maro-Stiric dʰárati.

1. it holds me (in its hand), it takes me, carries me, bear me
2. it possesses me, has me, owns me
   • ferī nōruṅ rhaiuṅ sōforīs
     They own a small field near the mountain.
3. it maintains me, keeps me, supports me, holds me up
4. it endures me

Derived terms:

• affëriç
• coffëriç
• effëriç
• offëriç

festiç

[ˈfɛs.tɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF festëghaṅ; PFV.PTCP fessus; OPT.1SG fessid; PFV.1SG festuī

From PI xʷestets, from PME gwešť "to hit, to strike, to throw, to kill."

1. to kill, to slay, to strike down, to murder
   • augeagī tiffestëghaṅ
     They are trying to kill me.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: festeaga
• S'entin: fêtoie
• Tevrés: hestía

fēṅs

[fẽːs] n. c.
C.NOM.SG fentis

From PI xʷentis, from PME ḥgwen "to breath, to blow."

1. wind

fīgheus

[ˈfiː.ɣe.ʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG fīghea; E.NOM.SG fīgheuṅ

From fīghus + -eus.

1. bright yellow

fīghus

[ˈfiː.ɣʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG fīghī

Possibly from a substrate word *θeiɣ-, based on local Dalitian seíos.

1. palo verde tree
2. the flower of a palo verde tree

Descendants:

• Ilesse: figu
• S'entin: fi
• Tevrés: higo

fisc

[fɪsk] pro.
C.NOM.SG fac; E.NOM.SG fic

From PI θeske, from PME demonstrative pronouns de "The previously mentioned," and ke (alternate of gge) "he, she, it."

1. proximal demonstrative pronoun; this, this one

formiç

[ˈfɔr.mɪt͡s] v. di.
IMPF.INF formīghaṅ; PFV.PTCP formītus; OPT.1SG formīrid; PFV.1SG formīvī

From PI θormīts, from PME drem "to help, to assist."

1. it helps me (with an activity, action), assists me, aids me
   • forminte oeluṅ
     I will help you with your work.
   • formīrate rhaelis axī iūrō imëre
     I want to help my child get into a good school.
2. it contributes something to me

Descendants:

• Ilesse: formiga
• S'entin: formie
• Tevrés: hormía

forānus

[fɔˈraː.nʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG forāna; E.NOM.SG forānuṅ

From fos + -ānus.

1. mountainous, hilly

Descendants:

• Ilesse: forão
• S'entin: forrain
• Tevrés: horan

forīnus

[fɔˈriː.nʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG forīnī

From fos + -īnus.

1. mountain person, barbarian
2. hick, hillbilly

Descendants:

• Ilesse: foriu
• S'entin: forrin
• Tevrés: horin

fos

[fɔs] n. t.
GEN.SG foris

From PI θos, from PME deš "to rise above, to tower."

1. mountain, hill
   • vaevis paṅquō foris carmen augendō
     They went to the peak of the mountain to see the ocean.
2. heap, pile

(adjective noun)

1. wild, unkempt, uncivilised, barbarian

Descendants:

• Ilesse: fore
• S'entin: feur
• Tevrés: fuer

fūnēs

[ˈfuː.neːs] n. t.
GEN.SG fūnī

Loan from Proto-Anderic ɸoinā, from PME peḫwi-néḫ- from root peḫwi "to swim."

1. boat, ship, vessel, watercraft
   • send mȳnīs fūner nīrer belle
     The bay was full of boats and people.
     or
     bōlëre mȳneuṅ fūnēs nīrēs
     The bay was full of boats and people.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: fue

G

garīna

[gaˈriː.na] n. c.
GEN.SG garīnae

From garor + -īna.

1. important platonic relation; stronger than the English word friend
2. platonic friendship, platonic or familial love

Descendants:

• Ilesse: gariña
• S'entin: gèrine
• Tevrés: garina

garor

[ˈga.rɔɽ] v. stat.
IMPF.INF garrī; PFV.PTCP gartus; OPT.1SG garrō; PFV.1SG gērō

From PI garōr, from PME yyeḥr- “to tall, high, valuable, important.”

1. I am expensive, valuable
2. I am lovely, dear, beloved, darling, precious, cherished
   • deca rhael nīleaṅ garundā
     The child hugs their doll affectionately.
3. important, necessary, indispensable

Descendants:

• Ilesse: gareaga
• S'entin: jèroie
• Tevrés: garía

gēs

[ɟeːs] n. c.
GEN.SG geī

From PI gēis, from PME ggeḥi-š “wealth, goods.”

1. thing, matter, issue, affair, stuff
   • gēm matërir agnō dentus iovēva salvaṅ
     They wrote a book about senatorial matters.
2. incident, occurence, event
3. circumstances, situation, state of affairs

gēshēsta

[ɟeːsˈheːs.ta] n. c.
GEN.SG geīhēstae

From gēs and hēstus. Alternatively written gēs hēsta.

1. rule, government
   • serī gēshēsta tīnī gariaṅ
     The government sets the price of tea.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: geèsta, geista
• S'entin: gehête, gête
• Tevrés: gehesta, gesta

H

hānuṅ

[ˈhaː.nũː] n. e.
GEN.SG hānī

From PI χaznom, from PME gheḥš “god, diety, sacred place.”

1. temple, shrine, holy place
   • veṅ hānō exvecō veniendō
     You should go to the temple to prevail against the curse.

hēstus

[ˈheːs.tʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG hēsta; E.NOM.SG hēstuṅ

From PI χēstos, from PME gheḥš “god, diety, sacred place.”

1. of or related to festivals, holidays, holy days
2. happy, joyous, celebratory, festive
3. of or related to the government (see gēshēsta)

hic

[çɪk] part.

From PI xeke, from PME yek “to step, to walk, to tread.”

1. negative particle
   • hicallërur vōmen imnī
     The river is not excessively fast.

hinae

[ˈçɪ.nɛː] pro.
GEN.SG neī

From PME ggṇḫéi.

1. second person singular pronoun; you, your, etc.

Clitics: NOM ne; GEN nī; ACC nis

hōsaç

[ˈhoː.sat͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF hōsāghaṅ; PFV.PTCP hōsātus; OPT.1SG hōsārid; PFV.1SG hōsāvī

From PI χonsāts, from PME ğenḥ "free, unbound, unattached."

1. it releases me, lets me go, frees me, sets me free, lets me loose
   • hōsaeneso tīvoenuṅ. condērurso.
     Let go of my arm! It hurts!

huneor

[ˈhʊ.ne.ɔɽ] v. stat.
IMPF.INF hunissī; PFV.PTCP huntus; OPT.1SG hūsor; PFV.1SG hunuō

From hunuṅ.

1. I am dusty, dirty
2. I am arid, infertile
3. I am light brown

hunuṅ

[ˈhʊ.nũː] n. e.
GEN.SG hunī

From PI xonom PME yonḥ-ó- "earth, soil, dirt; humans, regular folk."

1. dust earth; specifically arid and infertile earth

I

īcur

[ˈĩː.kʊɽ] n. e.
GEN.SG īcis

From Proto-Iscaric (PI) eikor (stem eikn-), from Proto-Maro-Ephenian (PME) héikṛ "fire." The -gn- of the oblique stem was replaced with the nominative -k-. The opposite process also occured with īgnur (genitive īgnī), with also means 'fire,' but with a more negative connotation. Cognate with Dalitian eikhna, Stiric ekṛ, Old Marian aixra, Proto-Fyrdic eihur.

1. fire, flame (collective, uncountable)
2. passion, enthusiasm, joy, 'spark'

Descendants:

• Ilesse: igus
• Iscariano: igos
• Îredese: icus
• S'entin: iques
• Tevrés: igos
• Venzano: iccos

īdeç

[ˈiː.dɛt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF īdēghaṅ; PFV.PTCP īsus; OPT.1SG īsid; PFV.1SG īdēvī

From PI eizdējets, from PME ḥeiš “clearly, manifestly" and ďďeḥ "to do, to put, to render."

1. it hears me, it listens to me
   • īsur fīsc oeta carmïnis
     You can hear the sound of the ocean here.
2. it asks me

īgnur

[ˈĩːŋ.nʊɽ] n. e.
GEN.SG īgnis

From Proto-Iscaric (PI) eikor (stem eikn-), from Proto-Maro-Ephenian (PME) héikṛ "fire." The -k- of the nominative stem was replaced with the oblique -gn-. The opposite process also occured with īcur (genitive īcis), with also means 'fire,' but with a more positive connotation.

1. fire, flame (collective, uncountable)
2. rage, anger, fury, resentment
   • feratequo īgnur agnīrī opaṅ fessō
     I still carry anger for the person who killed my father.

Derived terms:

• īgneor
• īgnēsciç
• īgnal
• īgnālümus

Descendants:

• Late Aeranir: ígnëre
  • Ilesse: inre
  • Îredese: îmnâre
  • S'entin: inre
  • Venzano: ignere
• Iscariano: ignos
• Tevrés: iños

im

[ɪ̃m] prep.

From PI əm, from PME ṃ- “in, inside.”

1. in, inside, within
   • tellednenē tlīs imindërīs tlāna tīnis sa?
     Would you tell me where the best tea in the capital is?

Descendants:

• Ilesse: ẽ
• S'entin: am, eim
• Tevrés: en

imiç

[ˈɪ.mɪt͡s] v. intr.
IMPF.INF imëghaṅ; PFV.PTCP imptus; OPT.1SG imsid; PFV.1SG imuī

From im.

1. I go in, I enter
   • deō hānō imundū saub hicimptīvī
     I tried to enter the temple, but I was not let in.

īmus

[ˈiː.mʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG īma; E.NOM.SG īmuṅ

From PI eimos, from PME ḥei- “cardinal number one, singular, alone.”

1. cardinal number one

Descendants:

• Ilesse: iu
• S'entin: am
• Tevrés: imo

imnī

[ˈɪ̃m.niː] adv.

From PI epnis, from epniōr, from PME ḥep-né-ḫōr from root ḥep- “to remain, to be left over, to be in excess, to be too many.”

1. not very (with a negative sentence), not much
   • hicallërur vōmen imnī
     The river is not excessively fast.
2. excessively, too much

imter

[ˈɪ̃m.tɛɽ] adv.

From earlier impter, from īmus + teriç "I turn."

1. once, one time
   • auxīte saub imterquo carmen
     I ache to see the ocean once more.

indus

[ˈɪ̃n.dʊs] n. c.
GEN.SG indëris

From PI əndos, from PME ḥṇd-óš- from root ḥend “mind, thought, spirit, heart.”

1. mind, heart, spirit
2. core, center, origin, source
3. capital city
   • tellednenē tlīs imindërīs tlāna tīnis sa?
     Would you tell me where the best tea in the capital is?
4. leader, chief

Descendants:

• Ilesse: indre
• S'entin: andre
• Tevrés: enre

ioveç

[ˈjɔ.ʋɛt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF iovēghaṅ; PFV.PTCP ioctus; OPT.1SG ioxid; PFV.1SG iovēvī

From PI djegʷējets, from PME ďďieggw “to carve, to scratch, to etch.” Cognate with Dalitian zépteis.

1. it writes me
   • gēm matërir agnō dentus iovēva salvaṅ
     They wrote a book about senatorial matters.
2. it draws me

Descendants:

• Ilesse: joveaga
• S'entin: jouvoie
• Tevrés: jovía

iūceç

[ˈjuːcɛt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF iūcēghaṅ; PFV.PTCP iūctus; OPT.1SG iūxid; PFV.1SG iūcēvī

From PI joukējets, from PME ieuc “to attach, to hook onto, to stick onto.”

1. it attaches me, it joins me, it adds me, appends me, affixes me, sticks me, glues me, fastens me, sews me on, applies me (ointment)
2. it furnishes me (e.g. furniture in a house)
3. it puts me on, it wears me (small trinkets, jewellery, glasses, etc.)
4. it appraises me, it puts a price on me, it sets me
5. it gives me a name
6. it keeps an eye on me

Descendants:

• Ilesse: juzeaga
• S'entin: juzoie
• Tevrés: juzía

iucēṅsuṅ

[jʊˈcẽː.sũː] n. e.
GEN.SG iucēṅsī

From iuciç + -ēṅsus. Cognate with Dalitian zýkhatton "sword."

1. name, title, moniker (formal)
   • ondeadne tle iucēṅsun nibī senē
     Remind me, what is your name?

Descendants:

• Ilesse: jujessu
• S'entin: jouzois
• Tevrés: juzés

iuciç

[ˈjʊ.cɪt͡s] v. intr.
IMPF.INF iucëghaṅ; PFV.PTCP iuctus; OPT.1SG iuxid; PFV.1SG iucuī

From PI jukets, from PME ieuc “to attach, to hook onto, to stick onto.”

1. I am attached, I am connecteed with, I adhere, I stick, I cling
2. I am given (a name, a price)
   • iuca noma iūlïtī pristī rāscānīnī tibī
     My name is Iulitus Pristus Rascaninus

Descendants:

• Ilesse: jozeaga
• S'entin: jouzoie
• Tevrés: jozía

iūlia

[ˈjuː.lja] n. c.
GEN.SG iūliae

From PI jouljā, from PME ieul- “to chant, to sing, to recite.”

1. song, music
2. poem, poetry
3. spell, curse, charm, enchantment, incantation

Descendants:

• Ilesse: julla
• S'entin: juille
• Tevrés: juya

iūliaī iūliaṅ

[ˈjuː.lja.iː ˈjuː.ljãː]

1. "We shall sing a song," a phrase said traditionally at the beginning of a musical or poetic performance, can also be said before beginning any endeavour or activity that once started must end. It is similar in use to English "the die is cast."

iūliç

[ˈjuː.lɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF iūlīghaṅ; PFV.PTCP iultus; OPT.1SG iullid; PFV.1SG iūlīvī

From iūlia.

1. it sings me, it says, recites me (a poem)
2. it composes me (a song or poem)
3. it curses me, casts me (a spell)

Descendants:

• Ilesse: juliga
• S'entin: julie
• Tevrés: julía

iūlïtus

[ˈjuːlː.tʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG iūlïtus

From ioveç + lotus, from earlier jewilotos.

1. scribe

Descendants:

• Ilesse: juitu
• S'entin: joue
• Tevrés: juch

iullïtus

[ˈjʊlːː.tʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG iullïtī

From iūliç + lotus.

1. singer, muse

Descendants:

• Ilesse: juitu
• S'entin: joue
• Tevrés: juch

iumīnus

[jʊˈmiː.nʊs] n. c.
GEN.SG iumīnī

From iumus + -īnus.

1. a pigmy, a person of short stature
2. a person of little importance, an uncharismatic person
3. (late) a commoner, a peasant

Descendants:

• Tevrés: jomin

iumus

[ˈjʊ.mʊs] n. c.
C.NOM.SG iuma; E.NOM.SG iumuṅ

From PI gjumos, from PME ggieu "to lick, to taste, to savour."

1. a lick, a bit, a small amount, a trifle

iūrus

[ˈjuː.rʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG iūra; E.NOM.SG iūruṅ

From PI gjouzos, from PME ggieu "to lick, to taste, to savour." Cognate with Dalitian zóulos. Hence also gȳmus "a bit, a lick".

1. having a nice taste; tasty, delectable
2. good, nice, pleasant
   • formīrate rhaeliṅ axī iūrō imëre
     I want to help my child get into a good school.
3. healthy, well, in good health

Descendants:

• Ilesse: juru
• S'entin: jur
• Tevrés: jur

L

lador

[ˈla.dɔɽ] v. stat.
IMPF.INF lassī; PFV.PTCP lassus; OPT.1SG lassō; PFV.1SG lēdō

From PI laðōr, from PME lehd - “to be warm, to be well.”

1. I am happy, glad, joyous
   • lador et carpidïnī vandō tibī deāstī
     I am glad that you would choose me to go to Carpider.

legiç

[ˈɫɛ.ɲɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF legëghaṅ; PFV.PTCP lēctus; OPT.1SG lēxid; PFV.1SG lēgī

From PI legets, from PME ḫleyy- “to sway, to wave.”

1. it assembles me, collects me, gathers me
2. it chooses me, it picks me, it selects me

Descendants:

• Ilesse: leaga
• S'entin: lëoie
• Tevrés: leía

līrrēs

[ˈliːr.reːs] n. c.
GEN.SG līrrī

From collective form of līs, through intermediate līreris

1. letter, brief, message
   • predium pactus iovēva līrreṅ ab
     They took a pen and wrote up a letter.
2. handwriting

Descendants:

• Ilesse: llire
• S'entin: lir
• Tevrés: llir

līs

[liːs] n. c.
GEN.SG līris

From PI leis, from PME ḫwlei- “to cut, to carve, to etch.”

1. letter, character, glyph

Descendants:

• Ilesse: llire
• S'entin: lir
• Tevrés: lir

lontuṅ

[ˈɫɔ̃n.tũː] n. e.
GEN.SG lontī

From PI lontom, from PME lemḥ “foot, to walk, to tread.” Hence also lēms "foot," limöra "step."

1. plain, field
2. ground, earth

Descendants:

• Ilesse: lontu
• S'entin: lont
• Tevrés: lluente

lupeç

[ˈɫʊ.pɛt͡s] v. intr.
IMPF.INF lupēghaṅ; PFV.PTCP luptus; OPT.1SG lupsid; PFV.1SG lupēvī

From PI slupējets, from PME šleup- “to shout, to scream; a loud noise.”

1. I weep, I cry, I lament
2. I shout, I cry, I scream, I shriek, I yell, I exclaim

Descendants:

• Ilesse: luveaga
• S'entin: louvoie
• Tevrés: lovía

M

mater

[ˈma.tɛɽ] n. t.
GEN.SG matëris

From Dalitian mathḗs. Cognate with native menter.

1. senator, representative; high ranking legislative official
   • gēm matërir agnō dentus iovēva salvaṅ
     They wrote a book about senatorial matters.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: intre
• S'entin: maîre
• Tevrés: madre, máter

mavaç

[ˈma.ʋat͡s] v. intr.
IMPF.INF mavāghaṅ; PFV.PTCP mavātus; OPT.1SG mavārid; PFV.1SG māvī

From PI mowāts, from PME meuḫw- “to turn, to revolve, to spin.”

1. I turn, I revolve
2. I search for something
3. I visit several places
   • māvis haccānā cepricïtïcābus plātīs
     They visited the graves of their ancestors on the plain.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: mavà
• S'entin: maivée
• Tevrés: mavá

mē

[meː] adv.

From earlier mēg, mēc, from mēgus.

1. indeed, really, absolutely, truly, actually, very, quite
   • iultïsur mē iūs
     They can sing quite well

mēdor

[ˈmeː.dɔɽ] v. stat.
IMPF.INF mēdissī; PFV.PTCP mēsus; OPT.1SG mēsid; PFV.1SG mēvō

From PI mezðōr, from PME meḥš- “to follow, to lag behind.”

1. I follow, I come after
   • mēderra cās mīsïda cānī lūcïdō
     The Misid month follows the Lucid month.

mēgestuṅ

[meːˈɲɛs.tũː] n. e.
GEN.SG mēgestī

From mēgus + -estuṅ.

1. truth, reality, fact
   • se mēgestūnē. tauniaunē. hipplior iūs.
     Is this reality? Is this a dream? I cannot tell.
2. right, correct, upright, well-done
   • iovēvane ubraṅ iūliam mēgeste
     You recited the poem marvellously.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: meistu
• S'entin: moyet
• Tevrés: meste

mēgus

[ˈmeː.ŋʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG mēga; E.NOM.SG mēguṅ

From PI mēgos from PME meḥyy "true, truth." Cognate with Dalitian mêkos, Stric mājaḥ, Old Mirian māda.

1. true, real, genuine, actual
2. proper, suitable
3. right, just

meniç

[ˈmɛ.nɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF menīghaṅ; PFV.PTCP mentus; OPT.1SG mēsid; PFV.1SG menuī

From PI menjets, from PME men “body, shape; alike.”

1. it pleases me, appeases me
2. I like it, I enjoy it
   • meniç tīn tessūs salvae vōnïtūs cartūsquo
     I like to drink tea, read books, and dance.
   • hicauctistīnē menīsso nīgēs
     Can you not see that he likes you?

Descendants:

• Ilesse: meiga
• S'entin: menie
• Tevrés: menía

menter

[ˈmɛ̃n.tɛɽ] n. t.
GEN.SG mentëris

From PI məntēr from PME mṇ-tḗr-, from root men "body; to be equal, to be like, to resemble."

1. sibling; brother or sister of around similar age
2. peer, classmate, coworker, etc. (person of similar age)
3. comrade

Descendants:

• Ilesse: mentre
• S'entin: mentre
• Tevrés: mientre

merror

[ˈmɛr.rɔɽ] v. tr.
IMPF.INF merrissī; PFV.PTCP mersus; OPT.1SG mersō; PFV.1SG merruō

From PI merzōr, from PME merš- “to pile, to stack.”

1. to be piled up, to lie on top of one another
2. to come after one another, to happen over and over, to pile up, to accumulate
3. to overlap, to occur at the same time, to happen simultaneously

Descendants:

• Ilesse: merriga
• S'entin: merie
• Tevrés: merría

murra

[ˈmʊr.ra] n. c.
GEN.SG murrae

From PI morzā from PME merš "to stack, to pile."

1. wall, partition, barrier, obstacle
2. (plural) walled city, town
3. (plural) fortress, encampment
   • pēcenda tibōrer murrae carpidïnīs
     The Tibori took the fortress at Carpider.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: mura
• S'entin: morre
• Tevrés: morra

mȳna

[ˈmyː.na] n. c.
GEN.SG mȳnae

From PI mūīnā from PME ḥmuḥ-íḫn-eḫ-, from root ḥmuḥ "to swell, to break."

1. chest, breast
2. breasts, bosom, bust
3. heart
4. stomach
5. heart, mind, feelings
6. hollow, cavity
7. curve, fold, winding
8. gulf, bay (see. mȳneuṅ)

Descendants:

• Ilesse: miña
• S'entin: minne
• Tevrés: mina

mȳneuṅ

[ˈmyː.ne.ũː] n. e.
GEN.SG mȳneī

From mȳna + -euṅ.

1. gulf, bay
   • send mȳneīs fūner nīrer belle
     The bay was full of boats and people.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: miu
• S'entin: min
• Tevrés: miño

N

nē

[neː] part.

From PME nē "not."

1. interrogative marker, question marker

nemiç

[ˈnɛ.mɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF nemëghaṅ; PFV.PTCP nemïtus; OPT.1SG nemsid; PFV.1SG nemuī

From PI nemets, from PME nemḫw "to name, to call, to summon."

1. it sues me, it calls me to court
2. it judges me

Descendants:

• Ilesse: nega
• S'entin: niemme
• Tevrés: nemía

nemō

[ˈnɛ.moː] n. t.
GEN.SG nemōnis

From nemiç + -ō.

1. judge, barrister, lawyer

Descendants:

• Ilesse: neve
• S'entin: nemon
• Tevrés: nemon

nīlea

[ˈniː.ɫe.a] n. c.
GEN.SG nīleae

From nīs + -ülea.

1. doll, puppet, figure
   • deca rhael nīleaṅ garundā
     The child hugs their doll affectionately.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: nilla
• S'entin: nille
• Tevrés: nía

nīrïdus

[ˈniː.rɨ.dʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG nīrïda; E.NOM.SG nīrïduṅ;

From nīs + -ïdus.

1. popular, public; related to the people

nīs

[niːs] n. t.
GEN.SG nīris

From PI ŋnēis, from PME ynéḥ-iš-, from root yneḥ "dirt, soil, earth."

1. person, wumbo
   • send mȳneīs fūner nīrer belle
     The bay was full of boats and people.
2. human being, human
3. another person, other person, others
4. adult

Descendants:

• Ilesse: inre
• S'entin: nir
• Tevrés: nir

noma

[ˈnɔ.ma] n. c.
GEN.SG nomae

From PI nomos, from PME nemḫw "to name, to call, to summon."

1. name; specifically one's personal name
   • iuca noma iūlïtī pristī rāscānīnī tibī
     My name is Iulitus Pristus Rascaninus

Descendants:

• Ilesse: noa
• S'entin: nomme
• Tevrés: nuema

nōruṅ

[ˈnoː.rũː] n. e.
GEN.SG nōrī

From PI ŋnōzom, from PME neḥ "to till, to drive, to plow."

1. field (for agriculture)
   • vend aqumnur axī, hicoeliand imnōrā
     Youths should go to school, not labour in the fields.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: noa
• S'entin: nomme
• Tevrés: nuema

O

oeliç

[ˈøː.lɪt͡s] v. intr.
IMPF.INF oelīghaṅ; PFV.PTCP oeltus; OPT.1SG oellid; PFV.1SG oeluī

From oeluṅ.

1. I work, I labour
   • vend aqumnur axī, hicoeliand imnōrā
     Youths should go to school, not labour in the fields.
2. I function, I operate, I am effective

oelïdus

[ˈøː.lɨ.dʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG oelïda; E.NOM.SG oelïduṅ

From oeluṅ + -ïdus.

1. of or related to work, labour, profession
2. (cyclical substantive) professional name, professional title (e.g. iūlïtus prīstus materris "first scribe of the senate").

Descendants:

• Ilesse: eidu
• S'entin: œud
• Tevrés: elde

oelinna

[øːˈlɪ̃n.na] n. c.
GEN.SG oelinnae

From oeluṅ + -inna. Alternative ūlinna.

1. odd job; small work, task

Descendants:

• Ilesse: eina
• S'entin: elanne
• Tevrés: ileña

oellïtus

[ˈøːlːː.tʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG oellïtī

From oeluṅ + lotus, through medial **oelolotus. Alternate of oerolïtus.

1. worker, (manual) labourer

Descendants:

• Ilesse: eitu
• S'entin: œut
• Tevrés: eute

oeluṅ

[ˈøː.ɫũː] v. tr.
GEN.SG oelī

From earlier oi(d)ɮom, from PI ḫweiddł-ó-, from PME ḫweiddł “to work, to labour, toil.” Cognate with Dalitian oisḗ, Fyrdic aitɬą, Stiric ejam, Old Marian aidam. Hence also oeliç "to work."

1. work, labour
2. job, business, occupation

oeta

[ˈøː.ta] n. c.
GEN.SG oetae

From oetaç ("make a noise, sound").

1. sound, noise, report
   • īsur fīsc oeta carmïnis
     You can hear the sound of the ocean here.
2. pronunciation

Descendants:

• Ilesse: eada
• S'entin: oie
• Tevrés: eda

oetaç

[ˈøː.tat͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF oetāghaṅ; PFV.PTCP oetïtus; OPT.1SG oesid; PFV.1SG oetuī

From PI oitāts, from PME ḥeit ("to sound, resound").

1. it sounds me, utters me, speaks me, expresses me, calls me, rings me
2. it cries me out, calls me; sings me, celebrates me, praises me, extols me

(middle)

1. I make a noise, sound, resound

Descendants:

• Ilesse: edaga
• S'entin: oyée
• Tevrés: edá

oerolïtus

[øːˈrɔlː.tʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG oerolïtī

From oeluṅ + lotus, through medial **oelolotus. Alternate of oellïtus.

1. worker, (manual) labourer

Descendants:

• Ilesse: iroute
• S'entin: érout
• Tevrés: erote

ondeç

[ˈɔ̃n.dɛt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF ondēghaṅ; PFV.PTCP ōṅsus; OPT.1SG ōṅsid; PFV.1SG ondēvī

From earlier ondejets, from PI ḥond-éie-ti, from PME ḥend “mind, thought, spirit, heart.”

1. it alerts me, it advises me
2. it reminds me, it tells me
   • ondeadne tle iucēṅsuṅ nibī senē
     Remind me, what is your name?

Descendants:

• Ilesse: ondeaga
• S'entin: onnoie
• Tevrés: onía

ōtior

[ˈoː.tjɔɽ] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG ōtiōris; E.NOM.SG ōtiōre

From PI ōtujōr, from PME heťu “fast, swift."

1. faster, swifter, quicker
2. earlier
3. rather, sooner, earlier
   • ved carmïnō ōtior et cōmō exed
     I’d rather go to the ocean than return home.

P

paciç

[ˈpa.cɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF pacīghaṅ; PFV.PTCP pactus; OPT.1SG paxid; PFV.1SG pēcī

From PI pakjets, from PME peḥk “ to take, to grab, to grasp.”

1. it takes me, grabs me, grasps me
   • predium pactus iovēva līrreṅ ab
     They took a pen and wrote up a letter.
2. it captures me, seizes me
   • pēcenda tibōrer murrae carpidïnīs
     The Tibori took the fortress at Carpider.
3. it takes me in, it understands me
4. it has me (a meal)

Descendants:

• Ilesse: pajiga
• S'entin: paizie
• Tevrés: pazía

paçīnuṅ

[paˈt͡siː.nũː] n. e.
GEN.SG paçīnī

From PI potsīnom from PME poť-iḥ-nó- from root peť “ to cook, to bake (in an oven), to boil, to make a stew, to ripen.”

1. kitchen
2. inn, tavern

Descendants:

• Ilesse: paziu
• S'entin: paisin
• Tevrés: pazin

pannuṅ

[ˈpãn.nũː] n. e.
GEN.SG pannī

From PI pennom from PME peť-nó from root peť “ to cook, to bake (in an oven), to boil, to make a stew, to ripen.”

1. bread, pastries, pastry based products

Descendants:

• Ilesse: panu
• S'entin: pan
• Tevrés: paño

paṅqus

[ˈpãɴ.qʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG paṅquī

From PI paɴqʷos from PME peḥñ “head, horn, top.”

1. horn, antler, tusk
2. head, top, highest point, peak
   • vaevis paṅquō foris carmen augendō
     They went to the peak of the mountain to see the ocean.
3. (of an non-horned wumbo) nose

Derived terms:

• appeṅquaç

Descendants:

• Ilesse: pangu
• S'entin: pang
• Tevrés: pango

pēluṅ

[ˈpeː.ɫũː] n. e.
GEN.SG pēlī

From PI petslom from PME peť-šló- from root peť “ to cook, to bake (in an oven), to boil, to make a stew, to ripen.”

1. kiln, oven, furnace

Descendants:

• Ilesse: pei
• S'entin: peu
• Tevrés: pel

pemmen

[ˈpɛ̃m.mɛ̃n] n. e.
GEN.SG pemmïnis

From PI petmən from PME peť-mṇ- from root peť “ to cook, to bake (in an oven), to boil, to make a stew, to ripen.”

1. food cooked by boiling or stewing
2. pepper

Descendants:

• Ilesse: pemme
• S'entin: pemme
• Tevrés: piembre

pera

[ˈpɛ.ra] n. c.
GEN.SG pera

From mimetic perper ("quick speech"). See also perpërīnus and periç.

1. speech, word, chatter
   • hiccoffersërate faec cartae iumïdam peraṅ
     I cannot stand the idle chatter of this party.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: pera
• S'entin: piere
• Tevrés: piera

persus

[ˈpɛr.sʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG persa;E.NOM.SG persuṅ

From PI pressos from PME pred-tó-, from root pred “to join, to attach, to suit, to agree or be in unison with.”

1. fair, appropriate, suitable
   • ēge cerennum perse
     They ruled their kingdom fairly.
2. just, equitable
3. correct, right

Descendants:

• Ilesse: pessu
• S'entin: pés
• Tevrés: pies

pliç

[plɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF plīghaṅ; PFV.PTCP plītus; OPT.1SG plīrid; PFV.1SG plīvī

From PI plijets, from PME plei “to divide, to dissect.”

1. it knows me, is aware of me
   • plīvate garīnā nīnomaṅ
     I got your name from a friend.
2. it understands me, grasps me, comprehends me
3. it notices me, feels me

prīstus

[ˈpriːs.tʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG prīsta; E.NOM.SG prīstuṅ

From PI prīsotos from old particle pri “before” (supplanted by pae) + -isotos (see -issïtus).

1. (ordinal) first
2. (with adj.) superlative, -est; the most

Descendants:

• Ilesse: pristu
• S'entin: prît
• Tevrés: priste

possus

[ˈpɔs.sʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG possī

From PI possos from PME póť-to- from root peť “ to cook, to bake (in an oven), to boil, to make a stew, to ripen.”

1. cook, chef

Descendants:

• Ilesse: possu
• S'entin: pós
• Tevrés: pues

pūter

[ˈpuː.tɛɽ] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG pūtëra; E.NOM.SG pūtëruṅ;

From PI pūteros from PME peuḥ “to shine, to sparkle, to glimmer.”

1. pretty, lovely, beautiful, fair
2. clean, clear, pure, tidy, neat
3. completely, entirely

Descendants:

• Ilesse: pudru
• S'entin: pûre
• Tevrés: pudre

Q

qūs

[quːs] n. t.
IMPF.INF qūris

From PI qūs, from PME qúḥ-š- “pig, swine.”

1. pig, boar, pork

QU

quo

[qʷɔ] part.

From PI qʷe, from PME qwe “and.”

(particle)

1. and
2. also, too, in addition, as well, even
   • auxīte saub imterquo carmen
     I ache to see the ocean once more.

(conjugation)

1. if, when

R

rādeor

[ˈraː.de.ɔɽ] v. tr.
IMPF.INF rādēsī; PFV.PTCP rāsus; OPT.1SG rāsō; PFV.1SG rādēvō

From PI xrādējōr, from PME yerḥ “to be strong, powerful, capable.” Hence also rāscus "strong."

1. I am scary, frightening, eerie, dreadful
   • rādērra satercās tīrhaelī
     My child is afraid of the dark.

Descendants:

• Tevrés: arraía

rennuṅ

[ˈrɛ̃n.nũː] n. e.
IMPF.INF rennī

From PI rənnom, from PME rṇ-nó from root renḫw- “to lead, to rule, to be straight, to straighten.”

1. kingdom
   • ēge cerennum perse
     They ruled their kingdom fairly.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: irrenu
• S'entin: ran
• Tevrés: arreño

rēs

[reːs] n. t.
IMPF.INF rēnis

From PI rēns, from PME rēnḫw-š from root renḫw- “to lead, to rule, to be straight, to straighten.”

1. king, monarch, ruler, leader, sovereign

Descendants:

• Ilesse: irrẽ
• S'entin: ran
• Tevrés: arren

RH

rhaecus

[ˈr̥ɛː.kʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG rhaecua; E.NOM.SG rhaecuṅ

From PI r̥āikʷos, from PME ďéḫi-kʷo-, from root ďeḫi “small, few, little.”

1. few, little, scarce, insufficient, seldom

Descendants:

• Ilesse: regu
• S'entin: rieu
• Tevrés: rieguo

rhael

[r̥ɛːɫ] n. t.
IMPF.INF rhaelis

From PI r̥āil, from PME ďéḫi-li-, from root ďeḫi “small, few, little.”

1. child, son or daughter
   • deca rhael nīleaṅ garundā
     The child hugs their doll affectionately.
2. person
3. heir, prince

Descendants:

• Ilesse: rei
• S'entin: rieu
• Tevrés: riel

rhaius

[ˈr̥aj.jʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG rhaia; E.NOM.SG rhaiuṅ

From PI r̥ajjos, from PME ďḫi-ió-, from root ďeḫi “small, few, little.”

1. small, little, tiny

Descendants:

• Ilesse: reiu
• S'entin: rai
• Tevrés: rey

S

sacūs

[ˈsa.kuːs] n. t.
GEN.SG sacȳs

From PI sakus from PME šḥecu- “to be sharp, pointy acidic, bitter.”

1. needle, pin, spike

Descendants:

• Ilesse: sagu
• S'entin: sau
• Tevrés: sague

saepiç

[ˈsɛː.pɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF saepīghaṅ; PFV.PTCP saeptus; OPT.1SG saepsid; PFV.1SG saepīvī

From PI saipjets from PME šḫeip “to cut, slice, cut through.”

1. it cuts me, it cuts through me
2. it severs me
3. it terminates me
4. it opens me (something sealed)
5. it starts me
6. it reduces me, decreases me
7. it crosses me, traverses me
8. it acts decisively towards me, it resolves me
9. it dismisses me, it sacks me, lets me go
10. it trumps me
11. it finishes me, completes me
12. it kills me (a human) with a sword

Descendants:

• Ilesse: seviga
• S'entin: sevie
• Tevrés: sebía

salva

[ˈsaɫ.ʋa] n. c.
GEN.SG salvae

From PI salwā from PME šḫl-w-eḫ- from root šeḫl “to spin, to furl, to curl.”

1. book, volume, script
   • gēm matërir agnō dentus iovēva salvaṅ
     They wrote a book about senatorial matters.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: souva
• S'entin: sauve
• Tevrés: salva

salvar

[ˈsaɫ.ʋaɽ] n. c.
GEN.SG salvāris

From collective form of salva.

1. collection, cannon (literary, judicial, etc.), library (in abstract)

Descendants:

• Ilesse: souvare
• S'entin: sauver
• Tevrés: salvar

salvāriuṅ

[saɫˈʋaː.rjũː] n. e.
GEN.SG salvārī

From salvar + iuṅ.

1. library (a physical location), bookshelf; any place for storing books
2. shelf, shelves, ledge, rack

Descendants:

• Ilesse: souveiru
• S'entin: sauver
• Tevrés: salver

saub

[sɔːb] prep.

From PI sāuβ, from PME se-ḫubi.

(preposition)

1. only, just, merely, simply, no more than, nothing but, alone
2. (with -quo) even
   • auxīte saub imterquo carmen
     I ache to see the ocean once more.

(conjunction)

1. but, however, though, nevertheless, still, yet, even so

seriç

[ˈsɛ.rɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF serëghaṅ; PFV.PTCP sestus; OPT.1SG sessid; PFV.1SG sevī

From PI sezets from PME še-šḫw-é-ti, reduplicated form root šeḫw "to point; ray." Cognate with Dalitian héois, Stiric sasati, Old Marian hahatiy.

1. it pierces me, stabs me, prick me, sticks me, thrusts into me (see īṅsëriç)
2. it points to me, it identifies me, indicates me (axëriç)
3. it nominates me, it selects me
4. it shines on me (see apsëriç)
   • moeiç au carmen serentuṅ
     I like to see the sun shining on the ocean.
5. it holds me (an umbrella, flag, etc.) up, it raises me (see surrïdiç)
6. it extend me (one's arm) forward (see collëriç)
7. it wears me (a sword) at the waist (see illëriç)
8. it pours me (liquid), it serves me (drinks) (see dērïdiç)

(auxiliary)

1. it orders, directs, dictates it to do something
   • seva rēs turātāriṅ soncarpidïnīs murrae façëghaṅ
     The king ordered the army to erect walls around Carpidre.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: sariga
• S'entin: serie
• Tevrés: sería

sterus

[ˈstɛ.rʊs] adj. n.
C.NOM.SG stera; E.NOM.SG steruṅ

From PI steros from PME š-ťér-o- from root ťer “to hit down, to smack, to beat, to pack down.” Cognate with Stiric ṣṭaraḥ (Doti ṭharo).

1. hard, solid, tough
   • se pannuṅ fic steruṅ hicectequo
     This bread is hard and I cannot eat it.
2. stiff, inflexible, rigid
3. strong, firm

Descendants:

• Ilesse: isteru
• S'entin: ètier
• Tevrés: estier

sīcaç

[ˈsiː.kat͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF sīcāghaṅ; PFV.PTCP sīcātus; OPT.1SG sīcārid; PFV.1SG sīcāvī

From PI seikājō, from PME šeik “to taste, to try out, to notice.”

1. it tastes me, savours me
   • sīcārur fic pannuṅso mē iūs
     This bread tastes so good!
2. it experiences me, it undergoes me
3. it attains me, earns me, wins me

Descendants:

• Ilesse: xigaga
• S'entin: sichée
• Tevrés: sigá

sūbiç

[ˈsuː.bɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF sūbëghaṅ; PFV.PTCP sūptus; OPT.1SG sūpsid; PFV.1SG sūvī

From PI soiðets, from PME šeid “to drive, to push, to strike, to thrust.” β to ð perhaps occurred due to confusion between oi and ou. Found alongside dialectal sībiç. Cognate with Dalitian hídeis, Stiric sédhati. Hence also silluṅ "plow," simmus "strike."

1. it pushes me, drives me, hurls me, compels me, propels me
   • s'oelun nemōnis nīrī mēgestum perre sūptū
     It is the job of the judge to compel people to tell the truth.
2. it expels me, banishes me, ejects me, casts me out
   • sūvend rēs matërī audindërī
     The king banished the senate from the capital.
3. it strikes me, it sets me in motion
4. it moves me

Derived terms:

• cērūbiç

Descendants:

• Ilesse: suviga
• S'entin: suvie
• Tevrés: subía

sumor

[ˈsʊ.mɔr] v. stat.
IMPF.INF sumissī; PFV.PTCP sumptus; OPT.1SG sumsid; PFV.1SG sūmō

From PI sumōr from PME šeum “to warm, hot.”

1. I am warm, hot
   • sumerra prīste fac cās appū
     This month will be the hottest of the year.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: suiga
• S'entin: sommie
• Tevrés: somía

sunç

[sʊ̃nt͡s] cop.
IMPF.INF seṅaṅ; PFV.PTCP quitus; OPT.1SG sēsid; PFV.1SG quī

From PI sonts from PME šem “to be, to exist.”

1. I am, I exist; the copula
   • send mȳneīs fūner nīrer belle
     The bay was full of boats and people.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: sũ
• S'entin: sonz
• Tevrés: son

T

tīn

[tĩːn] n. e.
GEN.SG tīnis

From PI tein, of unknown origins, probably a loan.

1. tea; black tea
   • tellednenē tlīs imindërīs tlāna tīnis sa?
     Would you tell me where the best tea in the capital is?

Descendants:

• Ilesse: çi
• S'entin: tin
• Tevrés: tin

telliç

[ˈtɛl.lɪt͡s] v. tr.
IMPF.INF tellëghaṅ; PFV.PTCP tulsus; OPT.1SG tulsid; PFV.1SG tolī

From PI telnets, from PME tedłḫw “to see, to know.” Originally meaning "to know, to learn," was shifted to replace the similar toleç "to tell, make known." Original meaning was then replaced by tesciç "to learn, grasp."

1. it teaches me, it instructs me
2. it tells me, it informs me
   • tellednenē tlīs imindërīs tlāna tīnis sa?
     Would you tell me where the best tea in the capital is?

Derived terms:

• abstelliç "It tells them about me"

Descendants:

• Ilesse: telliga
• S'entin: tellie
• Tevrés: tellía

trāvaç

[ˈtraː.ʋat͡s] v. intr.
IMPF.INF trāvāghaṅ; PFV.PTCP trāvātus; OPT.1SG trāvārid; PFV.1SG trāvāvī

From PI trāwā, from PME treḫ “to tend to, to nurture.”

1. I walk

Descendants:

• Ilesse: travaga
• S'entin: traivée
• Tevrés: travá

TL

tlāna

[ˈtɬaː.na] n. c.
GEN.SG tlānae

From PI tɬaznā, from PME tłeḫš “to bloom, to blossom.”

1. flower, blossom
2. the best of something, the peak
   • tellednenē tlīs imindërīs tlāna tīnis sa?
     Would you tell me where the best tea in the capital is?

Descendants:

• Ilesse: xã
• S'entin: lhaine
• Tevrén: lhana

tlānāria

[tɬaːˈnaː.rja] n. c.
GEN.SG tlānārī

From tlāna + -āria.

1. flower garden
   • auctïtor tīcōmā tlānāriō
     I can see the flower garden from my house.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: xeira
• S'entin: lhainère
• Tevrén: lhanera

tlis

[t͡ɬɪs] pro.
GEN.SG tleī

From PME tł- “what.”

1. interrogative pronoun; what, which
2. relative pronoun; that, which

U

uma

[ˈʊ.ma] n. t.
GEN.SG umae

From PI omā, possibly from baby talk.

1. mother (humble), my own mother
   • acultiate tlānae umō
     I water flowers for my mother.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: ma
• S'entin: ouma
• Tevrés: oma

ūrus

[ˈuː.rʊs] n. t.
GEN.SG ūrī

From PI ouros, from PME ḥeuď ("to bend, bend over").

1. back, behind, rear

V

vaç

[ʋat͡s] v. intr.
IMPF.INF vaghaṅ; PFV.PTCP vatus; OPT.1SG varid; PFV.1SG vaevī

From PI wats, from PME weḫw “to go, to walk.”

1. I go, I move (in a direction) I head (towards somewhere)
   • veṅ hānō exvecō veniendō
     You should go to the temple to prevail against the curse.

vecuṅ

[ˈʋɛ.kũː] n. e.
GEN.SG vecī

From PI wekom, from PME uekḫ “ illness, sickness, disease, disability, disfigurement, bad luck, curse.”

1. poison, toxicant, venom
2. harm, evil influence, curse
   • veṅ hānō exvecō veniendō
     You should go to the temple to prevail against the curse.
3. ill will, spite, malice

Descendants:

• Ilesse: vegu
• S'entin: viec
• Tevrés: viego

velior

[ˈʋɛ.ljɔɽ] v. stat.
IMPF.INF velīsī; PFV.PTCP velïtus; OPT.1SG vellō; PFV.1SG veluō

From PI gʷeljōr, from PME ggweli "to be lying down on one side, to be resting, to be prone."

1. I am sad, scared, dejected
2. I am weak
3. I am prone to, I am weak against

Descendants:

• Ilesse: velliga
• S'entin: veillie
• Tevrés: velía

veniç

[ˈʋɛ.nɪt͡s] v. intr.
IMPF.INF venīghaṅ; PFV.PTCP ventus; OPT.1SG veniërid; PFV.1SG venīvī

From PI gʷənjets, from PME ggw-ṇ-í-ti “I am victorious, I am winning, I win,” n-present of root ggwei “I am able, I have won.” Hence also voenuṅ “arm, skill.”

1. I win, I again victory, I prevail
   • veṅ hānō exvecō veniendō
     You should go to the temple to prevail against the curse.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: veiniga
• S'entin: venie
• Tevrés: venía

voenuṅ

[ˈʋøː.nũː] n. e.
GEN.SG voenī

From PI gʷoinom, from PME ggwoi-nó-m “strength, skill,” from root ggwei “I am able, I have won.” Hence also veniç “I win.”

1. arm
   • hōsaeneso tīvoenuṅ. condērurso.
     Let go of my arm! It hurts!
2. skill, effort, ability

Descendants:

• Ilesse: veiu
• S'entin: vein
• Tevrés: ven

vōmen

[ˈʋoː.mɛ̃n] n. e.
GEN.SG vōmïnis

From PI weksmən, from PME ueggš- “ to stream, to flow, to run, to sweep, to spread; to drift, to float, to wander, to stray.”

1. river, stream
   • hicallërur vōmen imnī
     The river is not excessively fast.

Descendants:

• Ilesse: vomme
• S'entin: vomme
• Tevrés: vombre