Proto-Maro-Ephenian

Proto-Maro-Ephenian
Created by	Limius
Setting	Avrid
Language family	Maro-Ephenian Proto-Maro-Ephenian

Proto-Maro-Ephenian (PME) is the ancient common ancestor of the Maro-Ephenian languages, spoken broadly throughout Ephenia, Eubora, and parts of Suria. This includes Aeranir and its descendants, Dalitian, and many others.

Phonology

Consonant phonemes

		Labial	Coronal			Palatal		Velar		Uvular		Glottal
			dental	alveolar	lateral	post- alveolar	palato- velar	plain	labial	plain	labial
Nasal		*m	*n			*ń
Stop	voiceless	*p	*t	*t̂	*tˡ	*t́	*ḱ	*k	*kʷ	*q	*qʷ
	voiced		*d	*d̂	*dˡ	*d́	*ɡ́	*g	*gʷ
	aspirated	*bʰ	*dʰ	*d̂ʰ	*dˡʰ	*d́ʰ	*ɡ́ʰ	*gʰ	*gʷʰ	*ɡ̆ʰ	*ɡ̆ʷʰ
Fricative			*s									*h
Trill			*r₁, *r₂		*r₃
Approximate					*l		*y		*w

Sound laws

Consonant phonemes

PME	Maro-Stiric			Talothic		Iscaric		Proto- Fyrdic
	Proto- Maro- Stiric	Stiric	Old Marian	Proto- Talothic	Dalitian	Proto- Iscaric	Aeranir
*p	*p; *pʰ	p, ph	p, f	*p; *pʰ; *pť	p, ph, pt	*p	p	*f; *b
*bʰ	*bʰ; b	bh, b	b	*pʰ; *p; *pť	ph, p, pt	*ɸ; *β	f, b	*b; *f
*t	*t; *tʰ	t, th	t, ϑ	*t; *tʰ; *ts; *ťť	t, th, s, tt	*t̪; *ts	t, ȥ [ts]	*þ; *d
*d	*d; *dʰ	d, dh	d	*d; *tʰ; *ds; *ďď	d, th, s, z	*d̪	d	*t
*dʰ	*dʰ; *d	dh, d	d	*tʰ; *t; *ts; *ťť	th, t, s, tt	*θ; *ð	f, d; b	*d
*t̂	*ʈ; *ʈʰ	ṭ, ṭh	t, ϑ	*t; *tʰ; *ts; ťť	t, th, s, tt	*t; *ts	t, ȥ [ts]	*þ; *d
*d̂	*ɖ; *ɖʰ	ḍ; ḷ, ḍh; ḷh	d	*d; *tʰ; *ds; *ďď	d, th, s, z	*d	d	*t
*d̂ʰ	*ɖʰ; *ɖ	ḍh; ḷh, ḍ; ḷ	d	*tʰ; *t; *ts; *ťť	th, t, s, tt	*r̥; *r̝; d	rh [r̥], r; b, d	*d
*tˡ	*č; *čʰ	c, ch	č	*ts; *ťť	s, tt	*tɬ; *ts	tl [tɬ], ȥ [ts]	*þ; *d
*dˡ	*ǰ; *ǰʰ	j, h	ǰ	*ds; *ďď	s, z	*d	d	*t
*dˡʰ	*ǰʰ; *ǰ	h, j	ǰ	*ts; *ťť	s, tt	*ɬ; *ɮ; d	f, l; b, d	*d
*t́	*č; *čʰ	c, ch	č	*ts; *ťť	s, tt	*ts	ȥ [ts]	*þ; *d
*d́	*ǰ; *ǰʰ	j, h	ǰ	*ds, *ďď	s, z	*d	d	*t
*d́ʰ	*ǰʰ; *ǰ	h, j	ǰ	*ts; *ťť	s, tt	*s̠; *z̠; d	s, r; b, d	*d
*ḱ	*ĉ	ś	ϑ	*k; *kʰ; *ťť	k, kh, tt	*k	c	*h; *g
*ǵ	*ǰ; *ǰʰ	j, h	d	*g; *kʰ; *ďď	g, kh, z	*g	g	*k; *h
*ǵʰ	*ǰʰ; *ǰ	h, j	d	*kʰ; k; *ťť	kh, k, tt	*x; *ɣ	h; Ø, gh [ɣ]; g	*g; *h
*k	*k; *kʰ; *č	k, kh, c	k, x, č	*k; *kʰ; *ťť	k, kh, tt	*k	c	*h; *g
*g	*g; *gʰ; *ǰ	g, gh, j	g, ǰ	*g; *kʰ; *ďď	g, kh, z	*g	g	*k; *h
*gʰ	*gʰ; *g; *ǰʰ; *ǰ	gh, g, h, j	g, ǰ	*kʰ; *k; *ťť	kh, k, tt	*x; *ɣ	h; Ø, gh [ɣ]; g	*g; *h
*kʷ	*k; *kʰ; *č	k, kh, c	k, x, č	*kʷ; *kʷʰ; *ťť	p; t; k, ph; th; kh, tt	*kʷ	cu; c	*hw; *gw; *h
*gʷ	*g; *gʰ; *ǰ	g, gh, j	g, ǰ	*gʷ; *kʷʰ; *ďď	b; d; g, ph; th; kh, z	*gʷ	v [ʋ]; gu	*kw; *h
*gʷʰ	*gʰ; *g; *ǰʰ; *ǰ	gh, g, h, j	g, ǰ	*kʷʰ; *kʷ; *ťť	ph; th; kh, p; t; k, tt	*xʷ; *ɣʷ	f, v [ʋ]; gu	*gw; *h
*q	*q; *qʰ; *č	k, kh, c	q, χ, č	*k; *kʰ; *ťť	k, kh, tt	*q	q	*ħ; *ʕ
*qʷ	*q; *qʰ; *č	k, kh, c	q, χ, č	*kʷ; *kʷʰ; +ťť	p; t; k, ph; th; kh, tt	*qʷ	qu; q	*ħw; *ʕw; *ħ

Nouns

Declension

Noun declension

	Singular			Plural
	athematic	thematic	pronominal	athematic	thematic	pronominal
Nominative	*-s	*-os	*-s†	*-r₁	*-or₁	*-ōs
Vocative		*-e
Accusative	*-m̥	*-om	*-ē	*-i	*-oy	*-ō(n)
Inanimate Nom/Acc			*-d	*-n̥t	*-ont	*-er₁
Essive	*-u	*-ow	*-wos	*-ur₁	*-owr̥₁	*-uh
Genitive	*-s/*-es/*-os	*-osyo	*-oy	*-ir₁	*-obʰos	*-stros
Dative	*-ey/-oy	*-oey/-ōy	*-bʰey	*-n̥r₃	*-onr̥₃	*-sbʰeys
Ablative	*-eyd	*-er₂d	*-e-e‡	*-n̥s	*-ons	*-mos
Locative	*-sis	*-osis	*-eys	*-sr̥₂	*-osr̥₂	*-esr̥₂

Lexicon

Proto-Maro-Ephenian Roots