Umbrean/Nouns: Difference between revisions

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(Created page with "==Gender== The gender of the nouns in umbrean is not read from the acctual base form of the noun but something inherent and is semantic most of the times. Semantic gender mean...")
 
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==Declension==
==Declension==


The manner in which they are declined according to these criterias are through {{lg|Circumfixes|circumfixes}} which goes at the begining and end of the word, though some circumfixes are nulled on their prefix part or suffix part.  
The manner in which they are declined according to these criterias are through {{lg|Circumfixes|circumfixes}} which goes at the begining and end of the word, though some circumfixes are nulled on their prefix part or suffix part.
 
===General===
 
This declension paradigm is general and applied to nouns when uncertain of the acctual paradigm
 
 
 
:{| {{style|center}}
!Name
!Amount
|-
!Singular
|1
|-
!Paucal
|2-6
|-
!Plural
|6<
|}
 
 
:{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=5 | Vowel Circumfix
|-
!Gender→ <br> Case↓
! Mag
! Liv
! Art
! Non
|-
! Int
| rowspan=2 | (e)- -(u) || (ee)- -(ü) || colspan=2 | (yy)- -(ë)
|-
! Erg
| colspan=2 | (i)- -(oo) || rowspan=2 | (e)- -(ü)
|-
! Acc
| colspan=2 | (o)- -(a) || rowspan=2 | (e)- -(u)
|-
! Pst
| rowspan=2 | (oo)- -(y) || (ö)- -(ëë)
|-
! Ref
| colspan=3 | (ü)- -(ii)
|}
 
 
{| {{style|center}}
! Number→
! colspan=3 | Singular
! colspan=3 | Paucal
! colspan=3 | Plural
|-
! State→ <br> Case↓
! <small>Indef.</small> !! <small>Def.</small> !! <small>Const.</small>
! <small>Indef.</small> !! <small>Def.</small> !! <small>Const.</small>
! <small>Indef.</small> !! <small>Def.</small> !! <small>Const.</small>
|-
! Int
| Ø- -Ø || l- -Ø || Ø- -tw
| s- -Ø || colspan=2 | glj- -t
| ž- -Ø || žl- -Ø || dž- -l
|-
! Erg
| Ø- -s || colspan=2 | tl- -s
| colspan=2 | l- -ff || g- -dzj
| Ø- -zz || l- -zw || dzj- -tj
|-
! Acc
| m- -Ø || ml- -Ø || mt- -l
| ŋŋ- -Ø || ŋl- -Ø || ŋk- -l
| nn- -Ø || colspan=2 | nl- -tj
|-
! Pst
| Ø- -tš || šl- -Ø || tš- -l
| colspan=2 | ǧØ- -Øtšwl || ǧ- -t
| Ø- -dž || colspan=2 | dž- -l
|-
! Ref
| colspan=2 | f- -l  || ft- -l
| vj- -gw || colspan=2 | vl- -gw 
| ž- -s || colspan=2 | ž- -sl
|}
 
===Specific===
The acctual paradigm depends on the structure of the nouns rather than being arbitrarily decieded.
 
Subscripted 0 means original form, wether it is normal, palatalized or labialized. t<sup>w</sup> exist in the original word and is replaced by d<sub>0</sub> which would acctually be d<sup>w</sup>
 
Subscripted v means Voiced form of the original, s becomes z, f becomes v and so on, s exists in the original nad it says to be replaced with '''F<sub>v</sub>''' it would become z
 
Subscripted u means unvoiced form of the original, z becomes s, v becomes f and so on, z exists in the original nad it says to be replaced with '''F<sub>u</sub>''' it would become s
 
Subscripted m means match the voiceness of the original, z exists in the original nad it says '''f<sub>m</sub>''' it would become v, which of course that '''f<sub>m</sub>''' and '''v<sub>m</sub>''' is the same.
 
Bolded ones refer to the original letter in its entirety, P is for plosives, N is for nasals, F is for fricatives, A is for affricatives. so s in the original and then it says '''F''' would mean s is put in place of the '''F'''
 
====Prefixal====
=====Nasal=====
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=10 | Nasal <br> N{{red|V}}-
|-
! Number→
! colspan=3 | Singular
! colspan=3 | Paucal
! colspan=3 | Plural
|-
! State→ <br> Case↓
! <small>Indef.</small> !! <small>Def.</small> !! <small>Const.</small>
! <small>Indef.</small> !! <small>Def.</small> !! <small>Const.</small>
! <small>Indef.</small> !! <small>Def.</small> !! <small>Const.</small>
|-
! Int
| Ø || '''N'''l{{red|'''V'''}} || Ø
| '''N'''s{{red|'''V'''}} || colspan=2 | Ø
| '''N'''ž{{red|'''V'''}} || Ø || Ø
|-
! Erg
| Ø || colspan=2 | Ø
| colspan=2 | '''N'''l{{red|'''V'''}} || Ø
| Ø || '''N'''l{{red|'''V'''}} || '''N'''dzj{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! Acc
| m{{red|'''V'''}} || ml{{red|'''V'''}} || mt{{red|'''V'''}}
| ŋŋ{{red|'''V'''}} || ŋl{{red|'''V'''}} || ŋk{{red|'''V'''}}
| nn{{red|'''V'''}} || colspan=2 | nl{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! Pst
| Ø || Ø || '''N'''tš{{red|'''V'''}}
| colspan=2 | '''N'''ǧ{{red|'''V'''}} || '''N'''ǧ{{red|'''V'''}}
| Ø || colspan=2 | '''N'''dž{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! Ref
| colspan=2 | '''N'''f{{red|'''V'''}}  || Ø
| '''N'''vj{{red|'''V'''}} || colspan=2 | Ø 
| '''N'''ž{{red|'''V'''}} || colspan=2 | '''N'''ž{{red|'''V'''}}
|}
 
 
=====Plosive=====
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=11 | Plosive<br> P{{red|V}}-
|-
! colspan=2 | Number→
! colspan=3 | Singular
! colspan=3 | Paucal
! colspan=3 | Plural
|-
! Case↓
! State→ <br> Origin↓
! <small>Indef.</small> !! <small>Def.</small> !! <small>Const.</small>
! <small>Indef.</small> !! <small>Def.</small> !! <small>Const.</small>
! <small>Indef.</small> !! <small>Def.</small> !! <small>Const.</small>
|-
! rowspan=6 | Int
! p
| rowspan=6 | Ø || rowspan=6 | '''P'''l{{red|'''V'''}} || rowspan=6 | Ø
| s<sub>0</sub>p{{red|'''V'''}} || colspan=2 rowspan=2 | blj{{red|'''V'''}}
| šp{{red|'''V'''}} || rowspan=2 | Ø || rowspan=6 | Ø
|-
! b
| z<sub>0</sub>b{{red|'''V'''}}
| žb{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! t
| ts<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}} || colspan=2 rowspan=2 | d<sub>0</sub>lj{{red|'''V'''}}
| tš{{red|'''V'''}} || rowspan=2 | džwl{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! d
| dz<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| dž{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! k
| sk<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}} || colspan=2 rowspan=2 | g<sub>0</sub>lj{{red|'''V'''}}
| šk<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}} || rowspan=2 | Ø
|-
! g
| zg<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| žg<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! rowspan=6 | Erg
! p
| rowspan=6 | Ø || colspan=2 | t<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}}
| colspan=2 rowspan=6 | '''P'''l{{red|'''V'''}} || kp<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| rowspan=6 | Ø || rowspan=6 | '''P'''l{{red|'''V'''}} || ts<sub>0</sub>f{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! b
| colspan=2 | d<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}}
| gb{{red|'''V'''}}
| dz<sub>0</sub>v{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! t
| colspan=2 | t<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}}
| kt<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| ts<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! d
| colspan=2 | d<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}}
| gd<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| dz<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! k
| colspan=2 | t<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}}
| kk<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| ts<sub>0</sub>ǧ{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! g
| colspan=2 | d<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}}
| gg<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| dz<sub>0</sub>ǧ{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! Acc
! All
| m'''P'''{{red|'''V'''}} || Ø || mt{{red|'''V'''}}
| ŋ'''P'''{{red|'''V'''}} || Ø || ŋk{{red|'''V'''}}
| n'''P'''{{red|'''V'''}} || colspan=2 | Ø
|-
! rowspan=6 | Pst
! p
| rowspan=6 | Ø || rowspan=2 | Ø || tšf<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| colspan=3 rowspan=6 | ǧ'''P'''{{red|'''V'''}}
| rowspan=6 | Ø || colspan=2 | tšf<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! b
| džv{{red|'''V'''}}
| colspan=2 | džv{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! t
| tš<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}} || ts<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| colspan=2 | ts<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! d
| dž<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}} || dz<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| colspan=2 | dz<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! k
| rowspan=2 | Ø || tšǧ{{red|'''V'''}}
| colspan=2 | tšǧ{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! g
| džǧ{{red|'''V'''}}
| colspan=2 | džǧ{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! rowspan=6 | Ref
! p
| colspan=2 | fp<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}  || rowspan=6 | Ø
| fjp{{red|'''V'''}} || colspan=2 rowspan=6 | Ø
| colspan=3 | šp{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! b
| colspan=2 | vb<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| vjb{{red|'''V'''}}
| colspan=3 | žb{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! t
| colspan=2 | ft<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| fjt<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| colspan=3 | št<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! d
| colspan=2 | vd<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| vjd<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| colspan=3 | žd<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! k
| colspan=2 | fk<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| fjk<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| colspan=3 | šk<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
|-
! g
| colspan=2 | vg<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| vjg<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| colspan=3 | žg<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
|}
 
=====Fricatives=====
 
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=11 | Fricative<br> F{{red|V}}-
|-
! colspan=2 | Number→
! colspan=3 | Singular
! colspan=3 | Paucal
! colspan=3 | Plural
|-
! Case↓
! State→ <br> Origin↓
! <small>Indef.</small> !! <small>Def.</small> !! <small>Const.</small>
! <small>Indef.</small> !! <small>Def.</small> !! <small>Const.</small>
! <small>Indef.</small> !! <small>Def.</small> !! <small>Const.</small>
|-
! rowspan = 7 | Int
! f
| rowspan=7 | Ø  || f<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}} || rowspan=7 | Ø
| sf<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}} || colspan=2 rowspan=7 | Ø
| ž- - || žl- - || dž- -l
|-
! v
| v<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}}
| zv<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}- -
| ž- - || žl- - || dž- -l
|-
! s
| s<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}}
| ss<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| ž- - || žl- - || dž- -l
|-
! z
| z<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}}
| zz<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| ž- - || žl- - || dž- -l
|-
! š
| š<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}}
| sš<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| ž- - || žl- - || dž- -l
|-
! ž
| ž<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}}
| zž<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| ž- - || žl- - || dž- -l
|-
! ǧ
| ǧ<sub>0</sub>l{{red|'''V'''}}
| sǧ<sub>0</sub>{{red|'''V'''}}
| ž- - || žl- - || dž- -l
|-
! rowspan = 7 | Erg
! f
| - -s || colspan=2 | tl- -s
| colspan=2 | l- -ff || g- -dzj
| - -zz || l- -zw || dzj- -tj
|-
! v
| - -s || colspan=2 | tl- -s
| colspan=2 | l- -ff || g- -dzj
| - -zz || l- -zw || dzj- -tj
|-
! s
| - -s || colspan=2 | tl- -s
| colspan=2 | l- -ff || g- -dzj
| - -zz || l- -zw || dzj- -tj
|-
! z
| - -s || colspan=2 | tl- -s
| colspan=2 | l- -ff || g- -dzj
| - -zz || l- -zw || dzj- -tj
|-
! š
| - -s || colspan=2 | tl- -s
| colspan=2 | l- -ff || g- -dzj
| - -zz || l- -zw || dzj- -tj
|-
! ž
| - -s || colspan=2 | tl- -s
| colspan=2 | l- -ff || g- -dzj
| - -zz || l- -zw || dzj- -tj
|-
! ǧ
| - -s || colspan=2 | tl- -s
| colspan=2 | l- -ff || g- -dzj
| - -zz || l- -zw || dzj- -tj
|-
! rowspan = 7 | Acc
! f
| m- - || ml- - || mt- -l
| ŋŋ- - || ŋl- - || ŋk- -l
| nn- - || colspan=2 | nl- -tj
|-
! v
| m- - || ml- - || mt- -l
| ŋŋ- - || ŋl- - || ŋk- -l
| nn- - || colspan=2 | nl- -tj
|-
! s
| m- - || ml- - || mt- -l
| ŋŋ- - || ŋl- - || ŋk- -l
| nn- - || colspan=2 | nl- -tj
|-
! z
| m- - || ml- - || mt- -l
| ŋŋ- - || ŋl- - || ŋk- -l
| nn- - || colspan=2 | nl- -tj
|-
! š
| m- - || ml- - || mt- -l
| ŋŋ- - || ŋl- - || ŋk- -l
| nn- - || colspan=2 | nl- -tj
|-
! ž
| m- - || ml- - || mt- -l
| ŋŋ- - || ŋl- - || ŋk- -l
| nn- - || colspan=2 | nl- -tj
|-
! ǧ
| m- - || ml- - || mt- -l
| ŋŋ- - || ŋl- - || ŋk- -l
| nn- - || colspan=2 | nl- -tj
|-
! rowspan = 7 | Pst
! f
| - -tš || šl- - || tš- -l
| colspan=2 | ǧ- -tšwl || ǧ- -t
| - -dž || colspan=2 | dž- -l
|-
! v
| - -tš || šl- - || tš- -l
| colspan=2 | ǧ- -tšwl || ǧ- -t
| - -dž || colspan=2 | dž- -l
|-
! s
| - -tš || šl- - || tš- -l
| colspan=2 | ǧ- -tšwl || ǧ- -t
| - -dž || colspan=2 | dž- -l
|-
! z
| - -tš || šl- - || tš- -l
| colspan=2 | ǧ- -tšwl || ǧ- -t
| - -dž || colspan=2 | dž- -l
|-
! š
| - -tš || šl- - || tš- -l
| colspan=2 | ǧ- -tšwl || ǧ- -t
| - -dž || colspan=2 | dž- -l
|-
! ž
| - -tš || šl- - || tš- -l
| colspan=2 | ǧ- -tšwl || ǧ- -t
| - -dž || colspan=2 | dž- -l
|-
! ǧ
| - -tš || šl- - || tš- -l
| colspan=2 | ǧ- -tšwl || ǧ- -t
| - -dž || colspan=2 | dž- -l
|-
! rowspan = 7 | Ref
! f
| colspan=2 | f- -l  || ft- -l
| vj- -gw || colspan=2 | vl- -gw 
| ž- -s || colspan=2 | ž- -sl
|-
! v
| colspan=2 | f- -l  || ft- -l
| vj- -gw || colspan=2 | vl- -gw 
| ž- -s || colspan=2 | ž- -sl
|-
! s
| colspan=2 | f- -l  || ft- -l
| vj- -gw || colspan=2 | vl- -gw 
| ž- -s || colspan=2 | ž- -sl
|-
! z
| colspan=2 | f- -l  || ft- -l
| vj- -gw || colspan=2 | vl- -gw 
| ž- -s || colspan=2 | ž- -sl
|-
! š
| colspan=2 | f- -l  || ft- -l
| vj- -gw || colspan=2 | vl- -gw 
| ž- -s || colspan=2 | ž- -sl
|-
! ž
| colspan=2 | f- -l  || ft- -l
| vj- -gw || colspan=2 | vl- -gw 
| ž- -s || colspan=2 | ž- -sl
|-
! ǧ
| colspan=2 | f- -l  || ft- -l
| vj- -gw || colspan=2 | vl- -gw 
| ž- -s || colspan=2 | ž- -sl
|}
 
====Postfixal====

Revision as of 18:51, 13 March 2013

Gender

The gender of the nouns in umbrean is not read from the acctual base form of the noun but something inherent and is semantic most of the times. Semantic gender means that the gender of the noun is decieded more or less by what it refers to rather than arbitrarily decieded by the speakers. The gender is decieded through an hierarchical tree of questions.

Living: "Is it alive?" If so it belongs here, these typicly refer to living beings, parts of living things or the like.

Artificial: "is it created by living things?" If so it belongs here, these typicly refer to things made by living things, machines, tools, houses and the like.

Non-moving: "Does the thing remain unmoving yet isn't artificial?" If so it belongs here, these typicly refer to geographical features, natural things that isn't of biological origin, ex stones, mountains, beaches.

Magical: "Does it move despite not being alive or cannot fit elsewhere?" If so it belongs here, these typicly refer to things of magic, things upon the heaven, the untouchable, the unreachable, the abstractions.

Case

Case Desription:
Ergative Ref The grammatical case that identifies the subject of a transitive verb in ergative-absolutive languages
Accusative Acc The grammatical case used to mark the direct object of an transitive verb
Intransitive Int The grammatical case used in some languages to mark the subject of an transitive verb
Postpositional Pst The grammatical case primarely used for postpositional phrases
Reflexive Ref The grammatical case used to define the subject which is acting upon itself and
hence is both subject and object, also used for middle voice

Declension

The manner in which they are declined according to these criterias are through circumfixes[*] which goes at the begining and end of the word, though some circumfixes are nulled on their prefix part or suffix part.

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