I Kronurum: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 12:38, 14 July 2014

I Kronurum
«that what is spoken»

Pronunciation	[/ˈʔi ˈkɾo̞.nu.ɾum/]
Created by	–
Native to	?
Native speakers	? (2014)
Language family	? I Kronurum
Early forms	Ancient I.K. Old I.K. Middle I.K.
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Background

The language known as I Kronurum

Phonology

Consonants

The consonants of I Kronurum

Consonant inventory

	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	p b			t d			k g	ʔ
Nasal	m			n			(ŋ)
Trill				r
Tap or flap				ɾ
Fricative	(β)	f	θ ð	s	ʃ		x (ɣ)	h
Lateral fric.				(ɬ)
Approximant	w					j
Lateral app.				l

Consonant allophony

· /p/ and /t/, except when result of a mutation, become aspirated when in initial position before a vowel (/pʰV/, /tʰV/)

· /ŋ/ is an allophone of /n/ before /g/ (eg. ‹angr› /ˈɑŋ.gɾ̩/, 1.s=”I”).

· ‹g› = /x/ only in coda after a front vowel (eg. ‹sig›, /ˈsix/, “until”).

Vowels

The vowels of I Kronurum

Vowel inventory

Front

Near-front

Central

Near-back

Back

Close

i

u

(ʊ)

(ɘ)

e̞

o̞

(ɛ)

(ɐ)

(a)

ɑ

Near‑close

Close‑mid

Mid

Open‑mid

Near‑open

Open

Vowel allophony

· /ɑ/ becomes /ɐ/ in unstressed syllables and /a/ in word medial unstressed syllables.

· /e̞/ becomes /ɘ/ in unstressed syllables and /ɛ/ in word medial unstressed syllables.

Umlaut and dipthongs by umlaut

Other dipthongs

Other contextual phonological phenomena

YET TO BE PROPERLY DESCRIBED

· -ren-rin- → -relin-

· jw+u /jʷu/ → jub- /juβ/ [+labialization][+methatesis] sky= juska /ˈjus.kɐ/, ó jubsken /ʔu̹.ˈjuβs.ke̞n/

· /u̜.j/ → /ui̯/ fish= strójr /ˈstɾu̜.jɾ̩/ ; fish (pl.)= strójran /ˈstɾui̯.ɾɐn/

· -/m/ /b/- → -/mb̥/- som breja /ˈso̞m.ˌb̥ɾe̞.jɐ/

Phonotactics

(C)(C)(C)N(C)(N) The nucleus N must be either a vowel or syllabic R or N.

Orthography

Latin script

The use of ‹å› is merely orthographic and serves the purpose of bringing the causative ‹-a-› to be correctly pronounced /ɑ/, given that ‹a› in this position should be otherwise realised as /a/ or /ɐ/.

Gothic script

Native script

Grammar

Morphology

Pro-drop A/N

Nominal morphology

Nouns are marked for number and gender.

Marking hierarchy

The marking of the nouns happens according to the following this hierarchy:

0	1	2	3	4
√noun	det	pl	and	nom, gen, akk, dat, inst, loc, all

In the genitive and accusative cases, the root is preceded by a preposition.

Declension particles and other affixes

Onset mutations

Mutation context and mutation continuities

Onset mutation is triggered by the prepositions governing the genitive and the accusative cases.

The unmodified consonant would have a mutation of grade cero.

The preposition ‹ó› governs the genitive (GEN) and triggers mutation one.

The preposition ‹tró› governs the accusative (AKK) and triggers mutation two.

THIS SECTION WILL BE REVISITED TO MAKE A BETTER GROUPING OF THE MUTATIONS BY TYPE INSTEAD OF BY TRIGGER

mutation
0	1
w- /w/	gw- /gʷ/
k- /k/	g- /g/~/ɣ/
h- /h/~/χ/	k- /k/
t- /t/	d- /d/
s- /s/	þ- /θ/
f- /f/	p- /p/
b- /b/~/β/	p- /p/
n- /n/	nw- /nʷ/
m- /m/	mw- /mʷ/
j- /j/	jw- /jʷ/
l- /l/	l- /l /

mutation
0	2
w- /w/	ƕ- /hw/~/hv/
k- /k/	h- /h/~/χ/
h- /h/~/χ/	g- /g/~/ɣ/
t- /t/	ð- /ð/
s- /s/	ś- /ʃ/
f- /f/	b- /b/
b- /b/~/β/	f- /f/
n- /n/	ñ- /ɲ/
m- /m/	w- /w/
j- /j/	ñ- /ɲ/
l- /l/	lh- /ɬ/

Plurals

Diminutives

Augmentatives

Superlatives

Personal pronouns

Adjectives

Verbal morphology

Verbs are marked for tense, mood, aspect, number and, in the third person, also gender.

Marking hierarchy

The marking of the nouns happens according to the following this hierarchy:

-1	-2	0	1	2
Passive voice marker	Aspect marker prefix	√verb	Conjugation affix for person, number and mood	Aspect marker suffix

Regular conjugation paradigms

There are four different regular conjugation classes, labeled i, ii, iii and iv

Aspect markers

Verbal aspect is marked as follows:

Adverbs

Derivational morphology

Derivation of nouns

Derivation of adjectives

Syntax

Sentence structure

1

a

b

2

3

@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 ==Phonology==
 ===Consonants===
+The consonants of '''I Kronurum'''
-I Kronurum consonants...
 ====Consonant inventory====
@@ Line 138: / Line 136: @@
 '''·''' /p/ and /t/, except when result of a mutation, become aspirated when in initial position before a vowel (/pʰV/, /tʰV/)
-'''·''' /ŋ/ is an allophone of /n/ before /g/ (eg. ‹angr› /ˈɑŋ.gɾ̩/, 1.S=”I”).
+'''·''' /ŋ/ is an allophone of /n/ before /g/ (eg. ‹angr› /ˈɑŋ.gɾ̩/, {{sc|1.s}}=”I”).
 '''·''' ‹g› = /x/ only in coda after a front vowel (eg. ‹sig›, /ˈsix/, “until”).
 ===Vowels===
-I Kronurum vowels...
+The vowels of '''I Kronurum'''
 ====Vowel inventory====
@@ Line 202: / Line 201: @@
 ====Vowel allophony====
+'''·''' /ɑ/ becomes /ɐ/ in unstressed syllables and /a/ in word medial unstressed syllables.
+'''·''' /e̞/ becomes /ɘ/ in unstressed syllables and /ɛ/ in word medial unstressed syllables.
 ====Umlaut and dipthongs by umlaut====
@@ Line 208: / Line 210: @@
 ===Other contextual phonological phenomena===
+YET TO BE PROPERLY DESCRIBED
+'''·''' -ren-rin- → -relin-
+'''·''' jw+u /jʷu/ → jub- /juβ/ [+labialization][+methatesis]	sky= ''juska'' /ˈjus.kɐ/, ''ó jubsken'' /ʔu̹.ˈjuβs.ke̞n/
+'''·''' /u̜.j/ → /ui̯/ fish= ''strójr'' /ˈstɾu̜.jɾ̩/ ; fish (pl.)= ''strójran'' /ˈstɾui̯.ɾɐn/
+'''·''' -/m/ /b/- → -/mb̥/- ''som breja'' /ˈso̞m.ˌb̥ɾe̞.jɐ/
 ===Phonotactics===
-<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
+(C)(C)(C)N(C)(N)
+The nucleus N must be either a vowel or syllabic R or N.
 ===Orthography===
-<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. -->
+====Latin script====
+The use of ‹å› is merely orthographic and serves the purpose of bringing the causative ‹-a-› to be correctly pronounced /ɑ/, given that ‹a› in this position should be otherwise realised as /a/ or /ɐ/.
+====Gothic script====
+====Native script====
 ==Grammar==
 ===Morphology===
+Pro-drop
+A/N
 ====Nominal morphology====
@@ Line 231: / Line 247: @@
 ! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4
 |-
-| √NOUN  || DET || PL || and || NOM, GEN, AKK, DAT, INST, LOC, ALL
+| √{{sc|noun}} || {{sc|det}} || {{sc|pl}} || and || {{sc|nom}}, {{sc|gen}}, {{sc|akk}}, {{sc|dat}}, {{sc|inst}}, {{sc|loc}}, {{sc|all}}
 |}
@@ Line 331: / Line 347: @@
 ! -1 !! -2 !! 0 !! 1 !! 2
 |-
-| Passive voice marker || Aspect marker prefix|| √VERB || Conjugation affix for person, number and mood || Aspect marker suffix
+| Passive voice marker || Aspect marker prefix|| √{{sc|verb}} || Conjugation affix for person, number and mood || Aspect marker suffix
 |}
 =====Regular conjugation paradigms=====
-There are four different regular conjugation classes, labeled I, II, III and IV
+There are four different regular conjugation classes, labeled {{sc|i}}, {{sc|ii}}, {{sc|iii}} and {{sc|iv}}
 =====Aspect markers=====
 Verbal aspect is marked as follows:

I Kronurum: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 12:38, 14 July 2014

Background

Phonology

Consonants

Consonant inventory

Consonant allophony

Vowels

Vowel inventory

Vowel allophony

Umlaut and dipthongs by umlaut

Other dipthongs

Other contextual phonological phenomena

Phonotactics

Orthography

Latin script

Gothic script

Native script

Grammar

Morphology

Nominal morphology

Marking hierarchy

Declension particles and other affixes

Onset mutations

Plurals

Diminutives

Augmentatives

Superlatives

Personal pronouns

Verbal morphology

Marking hierarchy

Regular conjugation paradigms

Aspect markers

Adverbs

Derivational morphology

Derivation of nouns

Derivation of adjectives

Syntax

Sentence structure

1

a

b

2

3

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