I Kronurum

I Kronurum
«that what is spoken»
Pronunciation	[/ˈʔi ˈkɾo̞.nu.ɾum/]
Created by	–
Native to	?
Native speakers	? (2014)
Language family	? I Kronurum
Early forms	Ancient I.K. Old I.K. Middle I.K.

Background

The language known as I Kronurum

Phonology

Consonants

The consonants of I Kronurum

Consonant inventory

	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	p b			t d			k g	ʔ
Nasal	m			n			(ŋ)
Trill				r
Tap or flap				ɾ
Fricative	(β)	f	θ ð	s	ʃ		x (ɣ)	h
Lateral fric.				(ɬ)
Approximant	w					j
Lateral app.				l

Consonant allophony

· /p/ and /t/, except when result of a mutation, become aspirated when in initial position before a vowel (/pʰV/, /tʰV/)

· /ŋ/ is an allophone of /n/ before /g/ (eg. ‹angr› /ˈɑŋ.gɾ̩/, 1.s=”I”).

· ‹g› = /x/ only in coda after a front vowel (eg. ‹sig›, /ˈsix/, “until”).

Vowels

The vowels of I Kronurum

Vowel inventory

	Front	Near-front	Central	Near-back	Back
Close	i u (ʊ) (ɘ) e̞ o̞ (ɛ) (ɐ) (a) ɑ
Near‑close
Close‑mid
Mid
Open‑mid
Near‑open
Open

Vowel allophony

· /ɑ/ becomes /ɐ/ in unstressed syllables and /a/ in word medial unstressed syllables.

· /e̞/ becomes /ɘ/ in unstressed syllables and /ɛ/ in word medial unstressed syllables.

Other contextual phonological phenomena

YET TO BE PROPERLY DESCRIBED

· -ren-rin- → -relin-

· jw+u /jʷu/ → jub- /juβ/ [+labialization][+methatesis] sky= juska /ˈjus.kɐ/, ó jubsken /ʔu̹.ˈjuβs.ke̞n/

· /u̜.j/ → /ui̯/ fish= strójr /ˈstɾu̜.jɾ̩/ ; fish (pl.)= strójran /ˈstɾui̯.ɾɐn/

· -/m/ /b/- → -/mb̥/- som breja /ˈso̞m.ˌb̥ɾe̞.jɐ/

Phonotactics

(C)(C)(C)Nu(C)(N/R)

The nucleus Nu must be either a vowel or syllabic [R] or [N].

In coda position a cluster can end with a nasal [N] or an r' [R]

Orthography

Latin script

The use of ‹å› is merely orthographic and serves the purpose of bringing the causative ‹-a-› to be correctly pronounced /ɑ/, given that ‹a› in this position should be otherwise realised as /a/ or /ɐ/.

Grammar

Morphology

Pro-drop A/N

Nominal morphology

Nouns are marked for number and gender.

Marking hierarchy

The marking of the nouns happens according to the following this hierarchy:

0	1	2	3	4
√noun	det	pl	and	nom, gen, akk, dat, inst, loc, all

In the genitive and accusative cases, the root is preceded by a preposition.

Declension particles and other affixes

Case marking

Case		Marker			Notes
nom	Nominative	∅	∅	-	The nominative case is not marked
gen	Genitive	ó(r) _-(e)n	/ˈʔu̹ɾ/ _-/e̞n/	preposition, suffix	Triggers mutation 1. Epenthetic r before a vowel: ór okren /ˈʔu̹ɾ ʔo̞.kɾe̞n/
akk	Accusative	tró	/ˈtɾu̹/	preposition	Triggers mutation 2
dat	Dative	-(r)is	-/ɾis/	suffix
instr	Instrumental/Commitative	-(n)ion	-/nio̯n/	suffix	Inanimate nouns: instrumental. Animate nouns: commitative
loc	Locative/Adessive ("with", "by", "at")	-(a)ftó	-/f.ˈtu̹/	suffix	þaneftó /θɐ.nɘf.ˈtu/, “at the house”, “at home”
all	Allative	-(o)rion	-/o̞.ɾio̯n/	suffix	þanerion /ˈθɑ.nɘ.ɾio̞n/ "homebound"

Other particles and affixes

Function		Marker			Notes
nlz	Nominalizer	i	/ˈʔi/	preposition	Mostly paired with the determiner suffix <-rum> kronur = “I speak” 1s.pres.ind i kronurum, {i kro-nur-rum} [NMLZ to.speak-1s.pres.ind-det] = was ich spreche, “that what I’m speaking”; speech, language.
det	Determiner	-rum	-/ɾum/	suffix	"the x" (instead of "a x")
and	Coordinator	-ór	-/u̹ɾ/	preposition	"and"
advm	Adverbializer	-(r)is	-/ɾis/	suffix	"x-ly", "in the maner of x" turns nouns into adverbs of manner turns verbs of motion in adverbs of manner
pers	Associated person	-rir	-/ɾiɾ/	suffix	(Sp. [corre(r)]-dor, [camina(r)]-nte; (≠-ero in zapatero; there: -hlajrir, Ge.-macher) <hlajur> v. to.make, <hlajrir> n. maker. <assa> n. forge, <assarir> n. smith.
adj	Adjetivizer	-rin	-/ɾin/	suffix	Forms adjectives of quality. sigr "ash", agor-ó-śigrelin "ash-coloured"
caus	Causative	-a-	-/ɑ/-	affix	Causative. [noun.root]-a-[verb.decension] nimr=water; nimrajur=to.make.moist,to.water(a.plant,etc)
?	?	-(u)rur	-/u.ɾuɾ/	suffix	?

Onset mutations

Mutation context and mutation continuities

Onset mutation is triggered by the prepositions governing the genitive and the accusative cases.

The unmodified consonant would have a mutation of grade cero.

The preposition ‹ó› governs the genitive (GEN) and triggers mutation one.

The preposition ‹tró› governs the accusative (AKK) and triggers mutation two.

THIS SECTION WILL BE REVISITED TO MAKE A BETTER GROUPING OF THE MUTATIONS BY TYPE INSTEAD OF BY TRIGGER

mutation
0	1
w- /w/	gw- /gʷ/
k- /k/	g- /g/~/ɣ/
h- /h/~/χ/	k- /k/
t- /t/	d- /d/
s- /s/	þ- /θ/
f- /f/	p- /p/
b- /b/~/β/	p- /p/
n- /n/	nw- /nʷ/
m- /m/	mw- /mʷ/
j- /j/	jw- /jʷ/
l- /l/	l- /l /

mutation
0	2
w- /w/	ƕ- /hw/~/hv/
k- /k/	h- /h/~/χ/
h- /h/~/χ/	g- /g/~/ɣ/
t- /t/	ð- /ð/
s- /s/	ś- /ʃ/
f- /f/	b- /b/
b- /b/~/β/	f- /f/
n- /n/	ñ- /ɲ/
m- /m/	w- /w/
j- /j/	ñ- /ɲ/
l- /l/	lh- /ɬ/

Personal pronouns

Adjectives

Verbal morphology

Verbs are marked for tense, mood, aspect, number and, in the third person, also gender.

Marking hierarchy

The marking of the nouns happens according to the following this hierarchy:

-1	-2	0	1	2
Passive voice marker	Aspect marker prefix	√verb	Conjugation affix for person, number and mood	Aspect marker suffix

Regular conjugation paradigms

There are four different regular conjugation classes, labeled i, ii, iii and iv

Aspect markers

Verbal aspect is marked as follows: