Dãterške

Danterske Даңтэршкэ
Progress: 95%
Type
Agglutinative
Alignment
Ergative-absolutive
Head direction
Initial	Mixed		Final
Primary word order
Subject-object-verb
Tonal
No
Declensions
Yes
Conjugations
Yes
Genders
1
Nouns decline according to...
Case		Number
Definiteness		Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice		Mood
Person		Number
Tense		Aspect

Danterian
Dãterške, Danterske
Даңтэршкэ Даңтэрскэ атӕҗӀұец
The official flag of the Scientific Nation of Danterlokhan.
Pronunciation	[t̬ãtʰɛrʃkʰɛ t̬ãtʰɛrskʰɛ atʰəʒd͡ʒyjet͡n̥]
Created by	Elliott Wheeler
Setting	Verse:Danterlokhan
Language family	A priori languages Danterian
Official status
Official language in	Danterlokhan
Language codes
ISO 639-3	qdt

Dãterške (Даңтэршкэ, Даңтэрскэ атӕҗӀұец), also known as Danterian (English calque) and Danterske, is an auxiliary language created by Elliott Wheeler originally designed to suit the needs of the scientific community, as it varies by field. As such, the grammar was loosely modeled after the concepts behind several well-known processes in physical sciences.

A significant portion of its morphology and its original purpose, is to be comprised of native terms and according interactions for scientific terms, technical jargon, and computer-language-derivatives. It's also designed to lack multiple synonyms for definitions and has an inherent goal of disambiguation, which together makes it relatively difficult to have a colloquial version of the language completely suited for daily life on Earth.

Due to several drastic changes during the course of its development, along with being the first language I created, the language is loosely based off of Proto-Altaic, various Slavic languages, Proto-Northwest-Caucasian, a tad bit of German, and my native idiolect of English, but is ultimately a priori.

Introduction

History

The exact date of the language's inspiration remains unknown, but the project probably began on 26-9-12015 (September 26, 2015) with an Apple Pages document titled "Danterian Language", which featured an abecedarium of a bicameral Cyrillic-, Armenian-, & Latin-based alphabetic script, what appears to be an English approximation for the sound each represented, and a set of orthographic conventions. Featured below is the alphabet copied verbatim from the document.

Æ

E

A

B

C

Д

Њ

F

G

H

N

J

K

L

M

I

O

♇

Ꝗ

R

S

Ð

T

U

V

Щ

Ж

ß

Y

Z

æ

є

a

Б/ƃ

c

Δ

ђ

f

դ

h

и

j

k

l

m

ն

o

ꝑ

ꝗ

r

s

þ

t

μ

v

щ

ж

β

y

ƶ

(ae)

(e)

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(ny)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

(j)

(k)

(l)

(m)

(n)

(o)

(p)

(q)

(r)

(s)

(th)

(t)

(u)

(v)

(w)

(zh)

(sz)

(y)

(z)

More letters were almost certainly added later. This was probably an attempt of an English spelling reform that I decided to use to improve English as a whole, but then evolved into an entirely separate language that I decided to develop as my early knowledge of linguistics grew.

As the language grew, the document where I stored the language's lexicon was named after its first proper word, кражңа, literally translating as "The Index of the Frontier" (Кљіха ды Кражңа). At the time of writing this, the index lists approximately 967 morphemes; enough of the language to derive a dictionary from such, but less in that various crucial notes and sketches are recorded elsewhere.

Phonology

Orthography

The orthography of Dãterške is a monocase Russian-inspired Cyrillic alphabet, and is mostly to entirely phonemic, in that each letter corresponds directly to a single sound or modification on a sound (such as [◌ʼ], [◌ˤ], [◌̃], etC). It's important to note that, unlike many languages, the characters for these modifications, excluding nasalization (ң) and pʼ'aločka (Ӏ), represent phonemes to themselves and not merely modifiers for a grapheme or phoneme. However, an exception to both prior exceptions stated here is the usage of the digraphs «щӀ» & «җӀ» to represent the consonantal sequences /ʃt͡ʃ/ & /ʒd͡ʒ/, respectfully.

Because of its relatively large phonemic inventory, the language had to use relatively unconventional uses and extensions for the letters in modern Cyrillic. This, combined with its monocase typography & usage of circum-sentence punctuation in a manner standardized from Spanish, makes a uniquely recognizable written language. Listed below are all of the characters in the alphabet and associated values in other systems, in no particular order due to the lack of any non-arbitrary glyph-order for the language, where the Latin letters in parentheses represent the Danterian transliteration specifically, in contrast to the ISO 9 equivalent(s).

Letter	IPA Sound	Letter Name	IPA Letter Name	ISO-9 (and language-specific) Latin transliteration
Ӏ	/◌ʼ/	пӀ'алєчһа	/pʼʡalot͡ʃħa/	‡ (ʼ)
'	/ʡ/~[ʔ]	нруцӕфих пӀ'алєчһа	/nrut͡n̥əfɪx pʼʡalot͡ʃħa/	'
і	/ʲi/	пӀ'алєчһих і	/pʼʡalot͡ʃħɪx iː/	Î î (İ i)
а	/a/	а	/a/	A a
ӑ	/ʕ/	нруцӕфих ӑа	/nrut͡n̥əfɪx ʕa/	Ă ă (ʕ ʿ)
я	/ʲɒ/	я	/ɒ/	Â â
ә	/æ/	ә	/æ/	A̋ a̋ (Æ æ)
ӕ	/ə/	ӕ	/ə/	Ä ä (Ə ə)
э	/ɛ/	э	/ɛ/	È è (E e)
ӭ	/ɘ/	ӭ' or птрђих ӭ	/ɘʡ/ or /pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx ɘ/	Ȅ ȅ (Ë ë)
ө	/ɞ/	ө	/ɞ/	Ô ô (Œ œ)
є	/ʲo/	є	/o/	Ê ê (Ô ô)
е	/ʲe/	е	/e/	E e (Ê ê)
ё	/ʲø/~[ʲɵ]	ё' or птрђих ё	/øʡ/ or /pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx ø/	Ë ë (Ĕ ĕ)
и	/ɪ/	и	/ɪ/	I ı
ӥ	/i/	ӥ' or птрђих ӥ	/iʡ/ or /pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx i/	Ï ï
й	/j/	нруцӕфих йи	/nrut͡n̥əfɪx jɪ/	Ĭ ĭ (J j)
о	/ʌ/	о	/ʌ/	O o
ӧ	/ɤ/	ӧ' or птрђих ӧ	/ɤʡ/ or /pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx ɤ/	Ö ö
у	/u/	у	/u/	U u
ў	/w/	нруцӕфих ўу	/nrut͡n̥əfɪx wu/	Ŭ ŭ (W w)
ұ	/y/	ұ or пӀ'алєчһих ұ	/y/ or /pʼʡalot͡ʃħɪx y/	Ù ù
ю	/ʲɯ/	ю	/ɯ/	Û û
ы	/ɨ/	ы	/ɨ/	Y y
ӹ	/ʉ/	ӹ' or птрђих ӹ	/ʉʡ/ or /pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx ʉ/	Ÿ ÿ
м	/ɱ/	эм	/ɛɱ/	M m
н	/n/	эн	/ɛn/	N n
ң	/◌̃/	р'ьәњӕы эң or пӀ'алєчһих эң	/rʡʲæɲəɨ ɛ̃/ or /pʼʡalot͡ʃħɪx ɛ̃/	Ņ ņ
ц	/t͡n̥/~[θ]	цэ	/t͡n̥ɛ/	C c
њ	/ɲ/	њэ	/ɲɛ/	N̂ n̂ (Ñ ñ)
б	/p̬/~[b̪]	эб	/ɛp̬/	B b
п	/pʰ/	пэ	/p̪ʰɛ/	P p
д	/t̬/~[d̟]	эд	/ɛt̬/	D d
т	/tʰ/~[t̟ʰ]	тэ	/tʰɛ/	T t
џ	/d͡ʒ/	эџ	/ɛd͡ʒ/	D̂ d̂
ч	/t͡ʃ/	чэ	/t͡ʃɛ/	Č č
ђ	/c̬/~[ɟ]	эђ	/ɛc̬/	Đ đ
ћ	/cʰ/	эћ	/cʰɛ/	Ć ć
ӵ	/c͡ç/	ӵэ	/c͡çɛ/	C̈ c̈
г	/k̬/~[g]	эг	/ɛk̬/	G g
к	/kʰ/	кэ	/kʰɛ/	K k
ҝ	/q͡χ/	ҝэ	/q͡χɛ/	Q q
в	/v/	ве	/vʲe/	V v
ф	/f/	еф	/ef/	F f
з	/z/	зе	/z̟ʲe/	Z z
с	/s/	ес	/es̟/	S s
ԇ	/sˤ/~[z̥]	ԇөд	/sˤɞt̬/	Ş ş
ж	/ʒ/	же	/ʒʲe/	Ž ž
ш	/ʃ/	еш	/eʃ/	Š š
җ	/ʝ/	җе	/ʝe/	Ẑ ẑ
щ	/ç/	ещ	/eç/	Ŝ ŝ
ғ	/ɣ/	ғе	/ɣʲe/	Ġ ġ (Ƣ ƣ)
х	/x/	ех	/ex/	X x
һ	/ħ/~[h]	һе	/ħʲe/	H h
р	/r/~[ɹ]	ер	/er/	R r
ь	/j/~/◌ʲ/	йерь	/jerʲ/	′ (j)
ъ	/w/~/◌ʷ/	ўеръ	/werʷ/	″ (w)
ҍ	/ʕ/~/◌ˤ/	ӑерҍ	/ʕerˤ/	‴ (ʿ)
л	/l/~[ɮ]	ел	/el/	L l
љ	/ʎ/	љер	/ʎer/	L̂ l̂ (Ł ł)

Consonants

Danterške consonant phonemes

		Labiodental	Denti-alveolar		Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Pharyngeal/Uvelar
			plain	2 artic.
Nasal		ɱ (м)	n (н)	t͡n̥~θ (ц)		ɲ (њ)
Plosive	aspirated	pʰ (п)	tʰ (т)			cʰ (ћ)	kʰ (к)	ʡ (')
	lenis	p̬ (б)	t̬ (д)			c̬ (ђ)	k̬ (г)
	ejective	pʼ (пӀ)	tʼ (тӀ)		t͡ʃʼ (чӀ)	cʼ (ћӀ)	kʼ (кӀ)	qʼ (ҝӀ)
Affricate	voiceless	p͡f (пф)	t͡s (тс)		t͡ʃ (ч)	c͡ç (ӵ)		q͡χ~k͡xʷ (ҝ)
					ʃt͡ʃ (щӀ)
	voiced	b͡v (бв)	d͡z (дз)		d͡ʒ (џ)
					ʒd͡ʒ (җӀ)
	nasal release		t̃ʰ (тң)	t͡ʃ̃ⁿ (чң)		c̃ʰ (ћң)	g̊ⁿ (кң,гң)
			dⁿ~nˑ (дң)	d͡ʒ̃ⁿ (џң)		ɟⁿ~ɲˑ (ђң)
Fricative	voiceless	f (ф)	s (с)	sˤ~z̥ (ԇ)	ʃ (ш)	ç (щ)	x (х)	ħ (һ)
	voiced	v (в)	z (з)	zʲ (зь)	ʒ (ж)	ʝ (җ)	ɣ (ғ)
	nasalized	f̃ (фң)	s̃ (сң)	s̃ˤ (ԇң)	ʃ̃ (шң)	ç̃ (щң)	x̃ (хң)
		ṽ (вң)	z̃ (зң)		ʒ̃ (жң)
Approximant			r~ɹ (р)	r̃ (рң)	rʲ (рь)	j (ь,й)	w (ъ,ў)	ʕ (ҍ,ӑ)
Lateral	oral		l~ɮ (л)			ʎ (љ)
	nasalized		l̃ (лң)			ʎ̃ (љң)

Vowels

Dãterške vowel phonemes

		Front		Central		Back
		unrounded	rounded	unrounded	rounded	unrounded	rounded
Close	oral	i (ӥ) ʲi(ː) (і)	y (ұ)	ɨ (ы)	ʉ (ӹ)		u (у)
	nasal	ĩ (ің/ӥң)	ỹ (ұң)	ɨ̃ (ың)	ʉ̃ (ӹң)		ũ (уң)
Near-close	oral	ɪ (и)				ʲɯ (ю)
	nasal	ɪ̃ (иң)				ɯ̃ (юң)
Close-mid	oral	ʲe (е)		ɘ (ӭ)	ʲø~ʲɵ (ё)	ɤ (ӧ)	ʲo (є)
	nasal	ẽ (ең)		ɘ̃ (ӭң)	ø̃~ɵ̃ (ёң)	ɤ̃ (ӧң)	õ (єң)
Open-mid	oral	ɛ (э)		ə (ӕ)	ɞ (ө)	ʌ (о)
	nasal	ɛ̃ (эң)		ə̃ (ӕң)	ɞ̃ (өң)	ʌ̃ (оң)
Near-open	oral	æ (ә)
	nasal	æ̃ (әң)
Open	oral	a (а)					ʲɒ (я)
	nasal	ã (аң)					ɒ̃ (яң)

Prosody

Another relatively unique feature of the language is that it has no consistent phonemic stress, intonation, or even syllable-boundaries, thus forcing both the speaker & listener to analyze the spoken word as a sequence of sounds. However, in casual speech, primary stress and/or high-tone usually occurs in a somewhat similar manner to English, and is often placed on the initial syllable of a word, and secondary stress and/or mid-tone is often trochaic (placed in repeating patterns of stressed-unstressed) from the beginning of the word. An exception to the rule of casual stress would be a syllable containing a lengthened or ава (rough) vowel, which is stressed by default.

Phonotactics

Syllable Structure: (W/N)(C)⁶(W)²V/-P²(W)²(C)⁴(W/N)
Where:

• C = Consonant
• N = Nasal consonant
• -P = Non-plosive
• V = Vowel
• W = Semivowel

1. /r/, /rʲ/, /r̃/ cannot immediately follow a Palato-alveolar consonant.
2. Unstressed /ʲi/, /ʲe/, /ʲø/, /ʲɒ/, /ʲo/, /ʲɯ/ cannot precede liquids and will become lengthened /ː/ and/or undergo ава-ућу mutation.
3. Adjacent consonants with multiple similar features may merge (their Places of Articulation).
4. Lenis Stops are not released syllable-finally or preceding other Stops.
5. Complex consonant clusters with non-plosives >C⁶ become syllabic.
6. /j/, /w/, /ʕ/, /r/, /rʲ/, /r̃/, /l/, /ʎ/, /l̃/, /ʎ̃/, /ʡ/ become devoiced after Aspirated Stops and assimilate with the plosive.
7. Fortis and lenis equivalents of a given consonant cannot be adjacent unless at a syllable boundary.
8. /t͡n̥l/ cannot occur.

Ава-ућу vowel correspondence

Dãterške vowel mutation

Series #	Ава	Ућу
1	А	Е
2	Ә	Ӭ
3	И	Ӕ
4	Э Ө
5	О	У
6	Є	І
7	Ӥ	Ы
8	Ӧ	Ұ
9	Ю	Ӹ
10	Я	Ё
11	аў,ӑу	єұ
12	Р	Л

Morphophonology

Due to the language being a semi-agglutinative language, little purely morphophonological processes take place other than the aforementioned vowel mutation. Because of this process alone, one could either analyze the language’s morphological typology as an agglutinative language with ablauting morphemes, or as a minor fusional language without sandhi. Interestingly, one could argue that there is a complex system of vowel harmony underlying every word (I myself have seen some convincing evidence), but if existing, such was unintentional and has yet to be fully decoded.

Syntax

Constituent order

The constituent order of the language is relatively straightforward, being almost exclusively SOV in almost all instances. Other word-orders (commonly SVO) may be used occasionally for poetic effect, but such must be clearly marked with affices denoting their grammatical role, often merely to avoid ambiguity.

Example texts

Main page: :Category:Dãterške literature

• The Internationale - ТрәнњещӀьахимнһц
• Even when issues arise - шԇөтңжелф хжалд'с ды җӀұйец бољата
• Hansu Hansuen - Дихтатэрин ды дихтатэрин'с

Chemistry

Dãterške Periodic table of the Elements

Group ↓	Period →	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1		H һыд/'ыд	Li лиц	Na нҍид	K кчил	Rb дриб	Cs ҝиԇ	Fr фғинћ
2			Be бірљ	Mg міџ	Ca гҍілс	Sr щӀіһ	Ba бірь	Ra ҝрішд
3					Sc щӀэй	Y йэт	La лңҍяп	Ac 'ӹџҍ
F1							Ce сярп	Th цӹрь
F2							Pr прязд	Pa прӹђъ
F3							Nd лњяд	U ўӹрңҝ
F4							Pm пяһ	Np нпӹгҝ
F5							Sm смяһр	Pu пъӹхң
F6							Eu пяб	Am ӑӹмь
F7							Gd дяҗ/гяҗ	Cm кӹрҝ
F8							Tb тярб	Bk вкӹԇҝ
F9							Dy рдясп	Cf пфӹњҝ
F10							Ho һял	Es йӹнст
F11							Er һряц	Fm фмӹрь
F12							Tm цялм	Md мдңӹл
F13							Yb йят	No њӹбҝ
F14							Lu ляӑт	Lr лрӹнџ
4					Ti тэпӀ	Zr крэз	Hf хӭфң	Rf рфӭдь
5					V внэлб	Nb њэў	Ta тӀӭп	Db дбӭўн
6					Cr хрьэлм	Mo љэйд	W ўӭлӵ	Sg сгӭӵ
7					Mn мнэг/њэмг	Tc йтэхц	Re рңӭщц	Bh бһӭр
8					Fe фэҗ	Ru рэԇ	Os ӑӭљш	Hs һсӭӑ
9					Co ҝэҗ	Rh рһэд	Ir ӑӭрд	Mt мтӭрң
10					Ni њэҗ	Pd спэљ	Pt ӑӭп	Ds дшӭғм
11					Cu гэп	Ag сэп	Au ӑӭўж	Rg ргӭтң
12					Zn ԇэн	Cd хэд	Hg ғмӭлһ	Cn цнӭрп
13			B бөд	Al ӑљөм	Ga гҍөљ	In ӵөдң	Tl цөл	Nh нһөџң
14			C гсъарб	Si саљ	Ge/Esi дач	Sn тсан	Pb пћаџб	Fl фларв
15			N нхлетң	P пресң	As сбехңт	Sb њхңет	Bi ԇңелғ	Mc мскевң
16			O һок	S сњоб	Se срол	Te тољ	Po ҝпор	Lv лворҝ
17			F фюңл	Cl хюңл	Br люңб	I йюңдь	At ҝюңӵ	Ts тсюңԇ
18		He һұл	Ne ғњӥд	Ar хрёђ	Kr крєћң	Xe хсьәм	Rn ҝрӕун	Og ӑгӧњ

Lexicon

Main page: :Category:Dãterške words