Hlou-Shum languages: Difference between revisions
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!colspan="2"| Approximant | !colspan="2"| Approximant | ||
| || || || '''l''' / | | || || || '''l''' /l/||'''y''' /j/ || '''w''' /w/|| | ||
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;Notes | ;Notes | ||
*In casual speech, the unaspirated stops and affricates /p t ts tɬ tʃ k/ are voiced intervocalically to [b d dz dɮ dʒ ɡ]. | *In casual speech, the unaspirated stops and affricates /p t ts tɬ tʃ k/ are voiced intervocalically to [b d dz dɮ dʒ ɡ]. | ||
*Since {{PAGENAME}} has no /r/, foreign /r/ is borrowed as /l/. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
Revision as of 02:41, 14 June 2016
Hlou-Shum languages /ˈɮɛtʃən/ (Hlou-Shum languages: baeyghnae Aetjeon /ˈpɛjɣnɛ ˈɛtʃʰən/) is a Naquic language whose aesthetics is based on Praimhín's Rencadian (abandoned by the author). It is a modern descendant of Naquian.
Numbers 1-12: baev, diho, natj-L, tqov, dzaweo, bael-L, oth, loseoth, bas-L, gaeyo, dav, dadheo-L (multiples of 3 lenite the following noun!)
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Lateral | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ng /ŋ/ | |||||
| Stop/Affricate | tenuis | b /p/ | d /t/ | dz /ts/ | dx /tɬ/ | dj /tʃ/ | g /k/ | |
| aspirated | p /pʰ/ | t /tʰ/ | ts /tsʰ/ | tq /tɬʰ/ | tj /tʃʰ/ | c /kʰ/ | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | f /f/ | th /θ/ | s /s/ | q /ɬ/ | sj /ʃ/ | ch /x/ | h /h/ |
| voiced | v /v/ | dh /ð/ | z /z/ | x /ɮ/ | zj /ʒ/ | gh /ɣ/ | ||
| Approximant | l /l/ | y /j/ | w /w/ | |||||
- Notes
- In casual speech, the unaspirated stops and affricates /p t ts tɬ tʃ k/ are voiced intervocalically to [b d dz dɮ dʒ ɡ].
- Since Hlou-Shum languages has no /r/, foreign /r/ is borrowed as /l/.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /ɪ/ | eu /ɨ/ | u /ʊ/ |
| Mid | ae /ɛ/ | eo /ə/ | o /ɔ/ |
| Open | a /a/ |
Lenition
| Normal | p | t | ts | s | tq | q | tj | sj | c | b | d | dz | z | dx | x | dj | zj | g |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lenited | f | th | s | h | q | h | sj | h | ch | v | dh | z | 0 | x | 0 | zj | 0 | gh |
| Normal | m | n | ng | w | l | y |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lenited | w | n | ng | w | w | y |
Prosody
Stress
In native words stress is on the first syllable, not counting prefixes. In loans, stress falls on the same syllable as in the source language.
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns
Case
Xaetjeon nouns have only two cases, nominative and vocative. The vocative is formed by leniting the noun.
Number
Plural nouns are marked with a prefix dxa-L.
Definiteness
Definite nouns are marked with a suffix -nae.
Adjectives
Adjectives following feminine nouns (actually, nouns that ended in a vowel in Naquian) lenite.
Verbs
Synthetic verbs are not used, but a construction based on the copula + verbal noun construction.
Copula
| Present tense | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1.ex | lon | lowae |
| 1.in | - | lod |
| 2 | lo | lob |
| 3 | loz | lox |