Qazhrian/Lexicon

Lingua francas of Tumhan

something Baltic (northern Europe), a Judeo-Mon-Khmer language (elsewhere), Judeo-Chinese

Naquian gibby IE

hoinos > uēn

duwoo > thoa

treyes > thī

kwetwores > quettoh

penkwe > penque

sweks > zex

septm > zeutin

oktoo > oxta

newn > niuin

dekm > thixin

"Irishy" Hellenic

aesthetic: informed by icelandic, old english, khmer, tíogall

def. article: sg. an, pl. pan

tav = θ, dalet = t, tet = tʰ (spirantizing to ð, d and dʰ respectively)

σ ζ > š s (trans. s ß)

φ θ χ > v ð ȝ

oi > oa /u:/

final vowels: -a, -e, -i, -u, -íe, -úa

short V > 0, -ô/-ā > -a, -ia/-ē > -e, oia/eia > -i, -VkhV (also perfect -ka, -izein) > -íe

Qanngurtatunnguaq

Indo-European Inuit gib with a Finnish touch

TODO Schleicher's fable

1: ainaq (m.)/ainaa (f.)/ainun (n.) 2: tuvaa 3: tiqariq 4: kituariq 5. pinngi 6: quiq 7: qiptun 8: atsaa 9: nivun 10: tisun 100: sunnun

alkaq 'wolf' (< *wĺ̥kʷos)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	alkaq	alkaaq
Genitive	alkaa	alkuun
Dative	alkai	alkamaq
Accusative	alkun	alkuuq
Ablative	alkiat	alkamaq
Locative	alkiat	alkami
Vocative	alki!	alkaaq!

vukaa 'city' (< *bʰugéh₂)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	vukaa	vukaaq
Genitive	vukaaq	vukuun
Dative	vukaai	vukaamaq
Accusative	vukaan	vukaaq
Ablative	vukaat	vukaamaq
Locative	vukaat	vukaami
Vocative	vukaa!	vukaaq!

-tuq '(action noun suffix)' (< *-tus)*

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-tuq	-tiiq
Genitive	-tiuq	-tuun
Dative	-tii	-tumaq
Accusative	-tun	-tuuq
Ablative	-tut	-tumaq
Locative	-tut	-tumi
Vocative	-tu!	-tiiq!

• sóh₂wl̥ > qaulluq

Verbs

• Sometimes reflected as -nuq or -Cuq.

An athematic verb:

vir- 'carry', pres. ind.

	Singular	Plural
1	virun	viramaq
2	viriq	viriti
3	virit	viraat

vir- 'carry', pres. subj.

	Singular	Plural
1	viraa	viraamaq
2	viriiq	viriiti
3	viriit	viraat

əgʕš

Salishized English

• 1-10: wud, tiw, łx̌i, xʷuwə, xʷayxʷ, səks, səgʷəd, əyt, dayd, təd /wud, tiw, ɬχi, xʷuwə, xʷajxʷ, səks, səgʷəd, əjt, dajd, təd/
• 11-19: = ləxʷəd, txʷəʕxʷ, łəʈid, xʷuʈid, xʷixʷʈid, səkʂʈid, səxʷʈid, əyʈid, dayʈid
• 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 = txʷədi, łəɖi, xʷuɖi, xʷidi, səksti, səgʷədi, əydi, daydi
• 100 = hudx̌t
• 1000 = ławzəd
• cat = xʷilid

"form":

• present: əbxʷubd, yəxʷubd, həsxʷubd, šəsxʷubd, cxʷubd, uxʷubd, tixʷubd
• imperfect: əwsxʷubd, yuxʷubd, husxʷubd, šusxʷubd, tusxʷubd, wixʷubd, tiwxʷubd
• future: əʕbxʷubd, yəʕbxʷubd, hiʕbxʷubd, šiʕbxʷubd, iʕbxʷubd, uʕbxʷubd, tiʕbxʷubd
• perfect: ədxʷubd, yədxʷubd, hədxʷubd, šədxʷubd, cədxʷubd, udxʷubd, tidxʷubd
• imperative: xʷub

Nuro-Celtic

Other languages:

• Nurian gib in Celtic (not in Lõis)
  • ū > ȳ
  • ou > ū
  • au > eu > iū? or just ō or au
  • ei / oi, ai > 'ai, ai
  • or u > y, o > u
  • Numbers: ainuh, bau, tīh, fettareh, finfe, ses, setthan, utthȳ, navan, dekan, 100: kantun, 1000: mille
  • wlatis > vlatis > viatis > viatih "law"
• Present ind. act.: berumi, beresi, bereti, berumyn, berete, berunti
• Past imperfect ind. act.: berennen, berītȳ, beretu, beremmes, beretes, berentes
• Preterite ind. act: bettiuh tāmi, bettiuh tāsi, ...
• Present subj. act.: berāmi, berāsi, berāti, berāmyn, berāte, berānti
• Past imperfect ind. act.: berannen, berātȳ, berātu, berammes, berātes, berāntes
• Present. ind. pass.: berȳ, bereta, beretu, berummu, berebe, beruntu
• Past ind. pass.: beruntannen, beruntātȳ, beruntātu, beruntammes, beruntātes, beruntantes
• Preterite imperfect ind. act.: bituh tāmi, bituh tāsi, ...
• Preterite ind. act: bettiuh tāmi, bettiuh tāsi, ...
• Present. subj. pass.: berā, berāta, berātu, berammu, berābe, berantu
• Past subj. pass.: beruntunnen, beruntutȳ, beruntutu, beruntummes, beruntutes, beruntuntes
• Present active part: beruns
• Present passive part.: berunnuh
• Past passive part.: bituh