Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions

Line 932:

The verb "to be" is suppletive as it uses various different stems (from Proto-Lahob ''*jaħħ'', ''*wi(w)ħ'', ''*ri'', ''*jek'', and ''*gəna'') and irregularly — for example, the non-singular present forms are morphologically perfect.

Note that the indicative present is rarely used, as the copula is usually dropped in many cases; when used with the meaning of "to have" (e.g. ''lili mæn tulūʔa yambras jali'' "I have six pears" (lit.: I TOPIC six pears are)) it is considered better not to drop it, but it is often done nevertheless in common speech. It is also kept when used with the meaning "there is..."~~. There are two different ways of building the future, with substantially the same meaning. The ''jal-'' stem is, however, more commonly used~~.

Note that the indicative present is rarely used, as the copula is usually dropped in many cases; when used with the meaning of "to have" (e.g. ''lili mæn tulūʔa yambras jali'' "I have six pears" (lit.: I TOPIC six pears are)) it is considered better not to drop it, but it is often done nevertheless in common speech. It is also kept when used with the meaning "there is...".

=====Indicative mood=====

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! colspan=2 | Person !! Present !! Past !! Perfect !! ~~Future (1)~~ !! Future ~~(2)~~

! colspan=2 | Person !! Present !! Past !! Perfect !! General future !! Future intent.

|-

! rowspan=3 | Sing !! 1st

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 The verb "to be" is suppletive as it uses various different stems (from Proto-Lahob ''*jaħħ'', ''*wi(w)ħ'', ''*ri'',  ''*jek'', and ''*gəna'') and irregularly — for example, the non-singular present forms are morphologically perfect.
-Note that the indicative present is rarely used, as the copula is usually dropped in many cases; when used with the meaning of "to have" (e.g. ''lili mæn tulūʔa yambras jali'' "I have six pears" (lit.: I <small>TOPIC</small> six pears are)) it is considered better not to drop it, but it is often done nevertheless in common speech. It is also kept when used with the meaning "there is...".<br/>There are two different ways of building the future, with substantially the same meaning. The ''jal-'' stem is, however, more commonly used.
+Note that the indicative present is rarely used, as the copula is usually dropped in many cases; when used with the meaning of "to have" (e.g. ''lili mæn tulūʔa yambras jali'' "I have six pears" (lit.: I <small>TOPIC</small> six pears are)) it is considered better not to drop it, but it is often done nevertheless in common speech. It is also kept when used with the meaning "there is...".
 =====Indicative mood=====
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-! colspan=2 | Person !! Present !! Past !! Perfect !! Future (1) !! Future (2)
+! colspan=2 | Person !! Present !! Past !! Perfect !! General future !! Future intent.
 |-
 ! rowspan=3 | Sing !! 1st