Old Valthungian: Difference between revisions
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===Changes to Geminate Consonants=== | ===Changes to Geminate Consonants=== | ||
Between 500‒650 a.d. all of the geminate consonants inherited from Griutungi were condensed to a single consonant. This also put an end to a persistent rule inherited from Proto-Germanic whereby geminate consonants collapsed before and obstruent or a word-boundary, there being no more geminate consonants to encounter such an environment. | |||
====Changes to Geminate Obstruents==== | ====Changes to Geminate Obstruents==== | ||
In geminate obstruents – that is, geminate stops and fricatives – the first obstruent of the pair is lenited to /h/. (Later, in a separate process of [[Middle_Valthungian#Compensatory_Lengthening|h-deletion]], these are eliminated completely.) | |||
{| style="vertical-align: text-top; border-spacing: 0; padding: 0;" | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|style="border-left:solid black 1px; border-top: solid black 1px;"| | |||
| '''CC''' | |||
|style="border-right:solid black 1px; border-top: solid black 1px;"| | |||
| → | |||
| '''hC''' | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|style="border-left:solid black 1px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"| | |||
| <code>-son</code> | |||
|style="border-right:solid black 1px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
To put it more simply: | |||
<code>pp → hp</code><br /> | |||
<code>tt → ht</code><br /> | |||
<code>kk → hk</code><br /> | |||
<code>bb → hb</code><br /> | |||
<code>dd → hd</code><br /> | |||
<code>gg → hg</code>*<br /> | |||
<code>ff → hf</code><br /> | |||
<code>þþ → hþ</code><br /> | |||
<code>ss → hs</code> | |||
====Changes to Geminate Sonorants==== | ====Changes to Geminate Sonorants==== | ||
In geminate sonorants – that is, geminate nasals and liquids – the first sonorant of the pair becomes <code>-son</code>, <code>-vox</code> and <code>-cnt</code>; that is, it is replaced by an unvoiced stop (in the same place of articulation). | |||
=====Stage I===== | =====Stage I===== | ||
===== | |||
{| style="vertical-align: text-top; border-spacing: 0; padding: 0;" | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|style="border-left:solid black 1px; border-top: solid black 1px;"| | |||
| '''CC''' | |||
|style="border-right:solid black 1px; border-top: solid black 1px;"| | |||
| → | |||
|style="border-left:solid black 1px; border-top: solid black 1px;"| | |||
| '''C''' | |||
|style="border-right:solid black 1px; border-top: solid black 1px;"| | |||
| '''C''' | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|style="border-left:solid black 1px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"| | |||
| <code>+son</code> | |||
|style="border-right:solid black 1px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"| | |||
| | |||
|style="border-left:solid black 1px;"| | |||
| <code>-son</code> | |||
|style="border-right:solid black 1px;"| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|style="border-left:solid black 1px;"| | |||
| <code>-vox</code> | |||
|style="border-right:solid black 1px;"| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|style="border-left:solid black 1px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"| | |||
| <code>-cnt</code> | |||
|style="border-right:solid black 1px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
To put it more simply: | |||
<code>mm → pm</code><br /> | |||
<code>nn → tn</code><br /> | |||
<code>rr → tr</code><br /> | |||
<code>ll → tl</code> | |||
=====Stage II===== | |||
Much later, perhaps as late as 750 or 800 a.d., '''pm''' shifts to '''tm''', but only in words which had previously contained geminate '''mm''' | |||
<code>pm → tm</code> | |||
===Vowel Lengthening=== | ===Vowel Lengthening=== | ||
====Lengthening of Word-Final Stressed Vowels==== | ====Lengthening of Word-Final Stressed Vowels==== | ||