Minhast: Difference between revisions
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====Vocative==== | ====Vocative==== | ||
Additionally, there is an | Additionally, there is is a Vocative case, divided into an intimate form, and several honorific forms. The Intimate Vocative suffix is chiefly reserved to family and close friends in more traditional societies. In more urban societies, chiefly among the City Speakers, adults may use it among colleagues and coworkers. Children and teens typically employ it with same-aged or younger peers. | ||
The Intimate Vocative has several allomorphs: | The Intimate Vocative has several allomorphs: | ||
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<br/> | <br/> | ||
Honorific vocatives also exist. | Honorific vocatives also exist. These forms originated from the age-based social hierarchy in traditional societies, but in urban societies have been re-appropriated; for example, forms originally used for older individuals are now used to de-escalate conflict between an employee and their employer, an individual interacting with law enforcement, etc. The honorific used interacts with social and situational context. | ||
The honorific ''innātu'' is used exclusively by speakers of Upper Minhast, although this form is often used | The honorifics most often used are ''behet'', used to address elders, ''innāt(u)'' (for males), and ''šūri'' (for females), both of which are used by older people to address young adults outside their social groups. These may be joined to their head nouns in a ''min'' construction, e.g. ''<u>Innātu min</u> Kawwat/<u>Innātu'''m'''</u> Kawwat'' (no exact English equivalent, often translated as "My fine young man.."), or as clitics, ''=behet'' and ''=(i)nnāt(u)''. The clitic ''=behet'' often does not trigger morphophonemic alternations, e.g. ''Urya'''<u>tb</u>'''ehet'' "Madame Uryat" (as opposed to expected ''Urya<u>'''pt'''</u>ehet''). | ||
The honorific ''innātu'' is used exclusively by speakers of Upper Minhast, although this form is often used alongside the ''innāt'' form by speakers of the Lower Minhast dialects too. In Modern Standard Minhast, both forms are used, and the form used is based on personal preference. | |||
====Oblique Cases==== | ====Oblique Cases==== | ||