Ithkuil: Difference between revisions
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===Influences=== | ===Influences=== | ||
[[File:Ithkuil pull uiqisx.png|frame| | [[File:Ithkuil pull uiqisx.png|frame| | ||
An example of vertical [[boustrophedon]]ic Ithkuil text (2004). | An example of vertical [[w:boustrophedon|boustrophedon]]ic Ithkuil text (2004). | ||
'''Translation:''' "As our vehicle leaves the ground and plunges over the edge of the cliff toward the valley floor, I ponder whether it is possible that one might allege I am guilty of an act of moral failure, having failed to maintain a proper course along the roadway." | '''Translation:''' "As our vehicle leaves the ground and plunges over the edge of the cliff toward the valley floor, I ponder whether it is possible that one might allege I am guilty of an act of moral failure, having failed to maintain a proper course along the roadway." | ||
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'''Romanized:''' Pull̀ uíqišx ma’wałg eřyaufënienˉ päţwïç aŭë’yaļt xne’wïļta’şui tua kit öllá yaqazmuiv li’yïrzişka’ p’amḿ aìlo’wëčča šu’yehtaş | '''Romanized:''' Pull̀ uíqišx ma’wałg eřyaufënienˉ päţwïç aŭë’yaļt xne’wïļta’şui tua kit öllá yaqazmuiv li’yïrzişka’ p’amḿ aìlo’wëčča šu’yehtaş | ||
'''[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]:''' [<span class="IPA">ˈpʊlːˋ ʊˈɪˊqɪʃx ˈmaʔwaʟɡ ɛʁjɑʊfɤˈnɪɛnˉ ˈpæθwɯç aʊˈxɤʔjaɬt xnɛʔwiɬˈtaʔʂʊɪ tʊa kɪt œlːˈaˊ jaˈqazmʊɪv lɪʔjɯɾˈzɪʂkaʔ p’amːˊ aɪlɔˈwɤtʃːa ʃʊʔˈjɛhtaʂ</span><nowiki>]</nowiki> '''[//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Ithkuil_pull_uiqisx.ogg <span style="white-space:initial;">Listen</span>]:''' [[File:Speaker Icon.svg|frameless|10x10px]]]]Ithkuil evolved over 45 years as a linguistic experiment beyond Western Indo-European languages in response to [[Linguistic relativity|the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis]] and [[Charles J. Fillmore]]’s case grammar into "a complex, intricate array of interwoven grammatical concepts [...] inspired by ideas inspired by countless hours studying texts in [[theoretical linguistics]], [[cognitive grammar]], [[psycholinguistics]], [[language acquisition]], [[linguistic relativity]], | '''[[w:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]:''' [<span class="IPA">ˈpʊlːˋ ʊˈɪˊqɪʃx ˈmaʔwaʟɡ ɛʁjɑʊfɤˈnɪɛnˉ ˈpæθwɯç aʊˈxɤʔjaɬt xnɛʔwiɬˈtaʔʂʊɪ tʊa kɪt œlːˈaˊ jaˈqazmʊɪv lɪʔjɯɾˈzɪʂkaʔ p’amːˊ aɪlɔˈwɤtʃːa ʃʊʔˈjɛhtaʂ</span><nowiki>]</nowiki> '''[//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Ithkuil_pull_uiqisx.ogg <span style="white-space:initial;">Listen</span>]:''' [[File:Speaker Icon.svg|frameless|10x10px]]]]Ithkuil evolved over 45 years as a linguistic experiment beyond Western Indo-European languages in response to [[w:Linguistic relativity|the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis]] and [[w:Charles J. Fillmore|Charles J. Fillmore]]’s case grammar into "a complex, intricate array of interwoven grammatical concepts [...] inspired by ideas inspired by countless hours studying texts in [[w:theoretical linguistics|theoretical linguistics]], [[w:cognitive grammar|cognitive grammar]], [[w:psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]], [[w:language acquisition|language acquisition]], [[w:linguistic relativity|linguistic relativity]], semantics, semiotics, philosophy, [[w:fuzzy set theory|fuzzy set theory]], and even [[w:Quantum Physics|quantum physics]]. " | ||
For his influences, Quijada cites the obscure "morpho-phonology of [[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]] verb complexes, the [[Grammatical mood|moods]] of verbs of certain [[Indigenous languages of the Americas|American Indian languages]], the [[Grammatical aspect|aspectual]] system of [[Niger–Kordofanian languages]], the [[Ergative case|nominal]] [[Noun case|case systems]] of [[Basque language|Basque]] and [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Dagestanian languages]], the [[enclitic]] system of the [[Wakashan languages]], the positional orientation systems of [[Tzeltal language|Tzeltal]] and [[Guugu Yimithirr language|Guugu Yimithirr]], the [[Semitic root|Semitic triliteral root]] morphology, and the hearsay and possessive categories of [[Suzette Elgin]]'s [[Láadan]] language". The writing system's logical design borrows principles from [[Ge'ez script|Ethiopic]] and [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]] scripts, but employs a unique morpho-phonemic principle.<ref name="intro" /> The script used throughout the Ithkuil grammar bears superficial resemblance to [[Hebrew script|Hebrew]] square script and the various [[Klingon script|Klingon]] fonts, and Ilaksh has also used a " | For his influences, Quijada cites the obscure "morpho-phonology of [[w:Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]] verb complexes, the [[w:Grammatical mood|moods]] of verbs of certain [[w:Indigenous languages of the Americas|American Indian languages]], the [[w:Grammatical aspect|aspectual]] system of [[w:Niger–Kordofanian languages|Niger–Kordofanian languages]], the [[w:Ergative case|nominal]] [[w:Noun case|case systems]] of [[w:Basque language|Basque]] and [[w:Northeast Caucasian languages|Dagestanian languages]], the [[w:enclitic|enclitic]] system of the [[w:Wakashan languages|Wakashan languages]], the positional orientation systems of [[w:Tzeltal language|Tzeltal]] and [[w:Guugu Yimithirr language|Guugu Yimithirr]], the [[w:Semitic root|Semitic triliteral root]] morphology, and the hearsay and possessive categories of [[w:Suzette Elgin|Suzette Elgin]]'s [[Láadan]] language". The writing system's logical design borrows principles from [[w:Ge'ez script|Ethiopic]] and [[w:Brahmi script|Brahmi]] scripts, but employs a unique morpho-phonemic principle.<ref name="intro" /> The script used throughout the Ithkuil grammar bears superficial resemblance to [[w:Hebrew script|Hebrew]] square script and the various [[w:Klingon script|Klingon]] fonts, and Ilaksh has also used a "cartouche script" and a cursive format. Because Ithkuil is designed for users to be precise in their speech, it is quite difficult to express humorous concepts in Ithkuil.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/cartoons/bob-mankoff/a-l|title=Ça üšlá|work=The New Yorker|access-date=2018-08-10|language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
=== Ilaksh (2007) === | === Ilaksh (2007) === | ||