Attian: Difference between revisions
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The number of speakers of the language is unknown, but the numbers are estimated to be fairly low. Influence by neighboring languages, such as Armenian, Georgian and enclaves of Greek and [[Qafesona]] speakers threaten the language by the inclusion of loanwords, but the greatest threat is from the universal English language, as more and more Attians acquire internet and television, featuring the language. | The number of speakers of the language is unknown, but the numbers are estimated to be fairly low. Influence by neighboring languages, such as Armenian, Georgian and enclaves of Greek and [[Qafesona]] speakers threaten the language by the inclusion of loanwords, but the greatest threat is from the universal English language, as more and more Attians acquire internet and television, featuring the language. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
This is the complete consonant and vowel phoneme inventories of the Attian language, they are the sounds with minimal pairing effect on lexemes. | |||
The language is notable for missing one of the conventional plosive series among consonants, missing a phonemic distinction of the complete bilabial place of articulation. It also differentiates four pairs of rounded and unrounded vowels. | |||
This is the complete consonant phoneme | |||
Please note that the bolded letters are orthographic representations. | Please note that the bolded letters are orthographic representations. | ||
{{Col-begin}} | |||
{{Col-2}} | |||
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="width: 650px; text-align: center;" | {| {{Table/bluetable}} style="width: 650px; text-align: center;" | ||
|+ | |+ '''Consonant phonemes in Attian''' | ||
! colspan="9"|Consonant phonemes | ! colspan="9"|Consonant phonemes | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|} | |} | ||
*Consonant gemination is phonemic, and applies to all consonants but /h/, but never occurs initially. Gemination is marked by doubling the grapheme. | |||
{{Col-2}} | |||
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="margin-left:10px; width: 300px;" | |||
|+ '''Vowel phonemes in Attian''' | |||
! | |||
! style="text-align: center;"|Front | |||
! style="text-align: center;"|Central | |||
! style="text-align: center;"|Back | |||
|-align=center class=small | |||
|-align=center | |||
! Close | |||
|'''i''' /i/|| ||'''y''' /ɯ/ · '''u''' /u/ | |||
|-align=center | |||
! Near-close | |||
||| ||'''o''' /ɤ/ · '''ou''' /oː/ | |||
|-align=center | |||
! Close-Mid | |||
|'''ei''' /e/ · '''au''' /ø/|| || | |||
|-align=center | |||
! Mid | |||
||| || | |||
|-align=center | |||
! Open-Mid | |||
| '''e''' /ɛ/ · '''eu''' /œ/|| || | |||
|-align=center | |||
! Near-Open | |||
| || || | |||
|-align=center | |||
! Open | |||
| ||'''a''' /a/ || | |||
|} | |||
{{Col-end}} | |||
===Consonants=== | |||
The Attian consonants undergo a number of phonological processes. | |||
====Labiovelar coarticulation==== | ====Labiovelar coarticulation==== | ||
The labiovelar coarticulation, or simply labiovelarisation, is a process which only applies to the velar stops, that is /ŋ/, /k/ and /ɡ/. | The labiovelar coarticulation, or simply labiovelarisation, is a process which only applies to the velar stops, that is /ŋ/, /k/ and /ɡ/. | ||
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====Fricativisation==== | ====Fricativisation==== | ||
The two voiced plosives, /d/ and /ɡ/, are fricativisised into /ð/{{Ex|=7, 9}}and /ɣ/ intervocalic positions. The fricativisation also occurs should any of the plosives precede other hetero-organic plosives{{Ex|=8}}. | The two voiced plosives, /d/ and /ɡ/, are fricativisised into /ð/{{Ex|=7, 9}}and /ɣ/ intervocalic positions. The fricativisation also occurs should any of the plosives precede other hetero-organic plosives{{Ex|=8}}.{{Sidebar-At}} | ||
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | {| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | ||