Bźatga: Difference between revisions
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| align="center" | "shape" | | align="center" | "shape" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=" | ! rowspan="4;" align="center" | 4 | ||
| align="center"| ''trouda'' | | align="center"| ''trouda'' | ||
| colspan="2;" align="center"| ''troude'' | | colspan="2;" align="center"| ''troude'' | ||
| align="center" | ''trouda'' | | align="center" | ''trouda'' | ||
| align="center" | "foot" | | align="center" | "foot" | ||
|- | |||
| align="center"| ''ĺeda'' | |||
| align="center"| ''ĺede'' | |||
| align="center"| ''ĺeģe'' | |||
| align="center" | ''ĺeģa'' | |||
| align="center" | "valley" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="center"| ''cu'' | | align="center"| ''cu'' | ||
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| align="center" | "dog" | | align="center" | "dog" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="center"| '' | | align="center"| ''ava'' | ||
| | | colspan="2;" align="center"| ''aune'' | ||
| align="center"| ''auna'' | |||
| align="center" | '' | | align="center" | "name" | ||
| align="center" | " | |||
|} | |} | ||
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* stem-final ''v'' or ''j'' may also disappear before ''-i'' and ''-u'' according to rules set out above, e.g. ''căbrova'' "tribesman", pl. ''căbroî''. | * stem-final ''v'' or ''j'' may also disappear before ''-i'' and ''-u'' according to rules set out above, e.g. ''căbrova'' "tribesman", pl. ''căbroî''. | ||
* stem-final ''v'' disappears before ''-v'' of the GDPl. and 3rd NAPl., e.g. ''ĺova'' "coal" (NASg.) → ''ĺova'' (GDPl.), ''ńivo'' "action, deed" (NASg.) → ''ńiva''. | * stem-final ''v'' disappears before ''-v'' of the GDPl. and 3rd NAPl., e.g. ''ĺova'' "coal" (NASg.) → ''ĺova'' (GDPl.), ''ńivo'' "action, deed" (NASg.) → ''ńiva''. | ||
4th declension nouns are divided into four sub-classes depending on the stem: | |||
* ''trouda'' demonstrates the normal paradigm for the majority of 4th declension nouns, where the endings are added to an immutable stem; | |||
* ''ĺeda'' shows iotisation in the plural, along with ''leda'' "width", ''neva'' "heaven"; | |||
* nouns with a NAsg. in ''-u'' like ''cu'' take ''-on-'' in the remaining categories and nouns with ''-û'' ''aû'' "river" take ''-n-'' (''auna, aune''). Place-names often belong to this class. | |||
* ''ava'' belongs to a rare class with a full stem in ''-(a)n-''. Besides ''ava'' "name", ''gova'' "smith" (''goun-''), ''mjava'' "memory, thought" (''mjaun-'') the remaining members are all old verbal nouns in NAsg ''-ma'', GDsg. & pl. ''-mn-'' such as ''brama'' "fart", ''grama'' "shout", ''cama'' "step", ''lama'' "jump", ''luma'' "drop", ''śtoma'' "bend", ''tama'' "bite". | |||
====The Vocative==== | ====The Vocative==== |