Ris: Difference between revisions
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|name = Ris | |name = Ris | ||
|nativename = Rhanzi ri | |nativename = Rhanzi ri | ||
|pronunciation= / | |pronunciation= /ɔˈɪːkas rɪ/ | ||
|region = [[w:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]] | |region = [[w:Mediterranean|Mediterranean]] | ||
|states = [[w:Italy|Italy]], [[w:Cyprus|Cyprus]]; [[w:Sicily|Sicily]] | |states = [[w:Italy|Italy]], [[w:Cyprus|Cyprus]]; [[w:Sicily|Sicily]] | ||
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|date = 2012 | |date = 2012 | ||
|familycolor= American | |familycolor= American | ||
|family= | |family=Jasi-Jivan languages | ||
|ancestor=Proto- | |ancestor=Proto-Jivan | ||
|script=[[w:Latin script|Latin]], [[w:Greek script|Greek]] | |script=[[w:Latin script|Latin]], [[w:Greek script|Greek]] | ||
|agency= | |agency= | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Ris''' is | The '''Ris''' language, ''oikas ri'' /ɔˈɪːkas rɪ/ or simply '''Ris''' /rɪs/, is a Jasi-Jivan language related to the [[Kiwi]] and [[Kandi]] languages. | ||
Grammatically speaking, the Ris language is morphologically [[w:fusional|fusional]] with a few [[w:agglutinative|agglutinative]] characteristics. It has [[Ris#Enclitic|enclitic]] pronouns representing the core arguments of agent and patient. It also has an unsusual [[Ris#Morphosyntactic-alignment|morphosyntactic alignment]]; the [[w:active-stative languages|active-stative]] one, in the [[w:Fluid-S|fluid subject]] subtype. This implies a system of [[Ris#Control|control]] and volition, closely tied to a distinction in [[Ris#Animacy|animacy]]. The [[w:morphology|morphology]] is evenly split between nominal and verbal inflections. | |||
Phonologically and phonaesthetically, the language is modelled after [[w:Greek language|Greek]]. Other influences are [[w:native American languages|native American languages]], the [[w:Shona language|Shona language]] and to certain degree [[w:Swedish language|Swedish]]. Ris has a normal-sized inventory of consonants and a fair amount of [[w:allophony|allophony]]. | |||
Ris is my attempt to unite the sketchy constructed languages of mine; those lost forever in incomprehensible grammar, unsatisfying aesthetics and cumbersome phonologies. They stand united by the one shared feature - their relationship to the [[w:Greek language|Greek language]]; my greatest influence no matter the language. | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
The following is the inventory of consonants in the Ris language. There are 18 contrastive consonants. | The following is the inventory of consonants in the Ris language. There are 18 contrastive consonants. | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;" | ||
|+'''Ris consonants''' | |+'''Ris consonants''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="7"|Consonants | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! colspan="2"| | ||
! | ! Bilabial | ||
! Dental | |||
! Alveolar | |||
! Velar | |||
! Glottal | |||
|- align="center" | |- align="center" | ||
!Nasals | !Nasals | ||
!<small>plain</small> | !<small>plain</small> | ||
|'''m''' /m/ | |'''m''' /m/ | ||
| | |||
|'''n '''/n/ | |'''n '''/n/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3"|Plosives | ! rowspan="3"|Plosives | ||
!<small>aspirated</small> | !<small>aspirated</small> | ||
|'''ph | |'''ph''' /pʰ/ | ||
|'''th''' / | |'''th''' /t̪ʰ/ | ||
| | | | ||
|'''kh | |'''kh''' /kʰ/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<small>unvoiced</small> | !<small>unvoiced</small> | ||
|'''p''' /p/ | |'''p''' /p/ | ||
|'''t''' / | |'''t''' /t̪/ | ||
| | | | ||
|'''k''' /k/ | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<small> | !<small>voiced</small> | ||
|'''b''' / | |'''b''' /b/ | ||
|'''d''' / | |'''d''' /d̪/ | ||
| | | | ||
|'''g''' /g/ | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="1" rowspan="2"|Fricatives | ! colspan="1" rowspan="2"|Fricatives | ||
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| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|'''s''' /s | |'''s''' /s/ | ||
| colspan=" | | colspan="2" |'''h''' /x ~ h/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<small>voiced</small> | !<small>voiced</small> | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|'''z''' /z/ | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2"|Trills | ! rowspan="2"|Trills | ||
!<small> | !<small>voiceless</small> | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
| '''r''' /r̥/ | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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!<small>voiced</small> | !<small>voiced</small> | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| '''r''' /r/ | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" rowspan="1"|Laterals | ! colspan="2" rowspan="1"|Laterals | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|'''l''' /l/ | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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====Consonant allophony==== | ====Consonant allophony==== | ||
[[w:Allophony|Allophony]] is common to many consonants, and [[w:sandhi|sandhi]] forces them to be realised different in different environments. | [[w:Allophony|Allophony]] is common to many consonants, and [[w:sandhi|sandhi]] forces them to be realised different in different environments. | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
There are 8 [[w:vowel|vowel]] phonemes in the Ris language. | |||
There are 8 [[w:vowel|vowel]] phonemes in the Ris language | |||
All vowels are lengthened when stressed, but the phonemes /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ are the only ones that change their quality; they are pronounced /eː/ and /oː/ respectively. | All vowels are lengthened when stressed, but the phonemes /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ are the only ones that change their quality; they are pronounced /eː/ and /oː/ respectively. |