Dundulanyä: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
| Line 913: | Line 913: | ||
Some affixes may force the stem vowel to be in a certain ablaut grade, such as the ablative motion marker shown in the previous section, which forces a present stem to have a zero grade vowel regardless. | Some affixes may force the stem vowel to be in a certain ablaut grade, such as the ablative motion marker shown in the previous section, which forces a present stem to have a zero grade vowel regardless. | ||
As an example, the stems of '' | As an example, the stems of ''ne-'' (II) "to say" are: present ''ne-'', past ''ni-'', perfect ''ini-'', frequentative ''enisā-''. The non-ablauting root ''pūn-'' (to work) has present/past ''pūn-'', perfect ''upūn-'', frequentative ''upūṃsā-''; ''mäly-'' (0) "to give" has present/past ''mäly-'', perfect ''amäly-'', frequentative ''amälisā-''. | ||
There are also '''tense markers''' which are added to the above stems to form the base for other TAM: | There are also '''tense markers''' which are added to the above stems to form the base for other TAM: | ||
* the '''future''' formant is ''-iṣy-'' (or ''-ṣy-'' after vowels), added to the past stem ( | * the '''future''' formant is ''-iṣy-'' (or ''-ṣy-'' after vowels), added to the past stem (more precisely, to the zero grade root<ref>While there is no difference for most verbs, this is meaningful in the case of verbs with suppletive stems: for example, ''meś-'' has the suppletive past stem ''āsmy-'', but the future stem is ''miśiṣy-''.</ref>); | ||
* the formant of the so-called '''future intentional''' is ''-ālḍ-'', added to the perfect stem | * the formant of the so-called '''future intentional''' is ''-ālḍ-'', added to the perfect stem | ||