Chlouvānem: Difference between revisions
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==="Thinking" in Chlouvānem=== | |||
The English verb "to think" may be translated in different ways in Chlouvānem. Its meaning "to think" in the sense of imagining or communicating in one's own mind is translated by ''nilyake'': | |||
: ''sāmi pa nelyęru''. — I'm thinking about you. | |||
: ''nilyantairu valu''. — I think, therefore I am. | |||
When "to think" is used in order to state one's opinion, Chlouvānem makes the distinction of that thing being a personal opinion based on experience or trustable facts (where the verb is ''vvlurake'') or an uncertain opinion, often because of mere sensation (still ''nilyake'') (much like the Danish distinction between ''at synes'' and ''at tro''). Both verbs require the quotative particle '''tati''': | |||
: ''dumoe miąre tati vvlirute''. — I think the movie is good. (for I have seen it) | |||
: ''dumoe miąre tati nelyęru''. — I think the movie is good. (but I haven't seen it) | |||
''vvlurake'' is used also to state one's opinion about a situation (still requiring ''tati'') as well as in the construction ''(2SG) nali vvlirute'', better translated as "if I were you" (needs a subjunctive verb): | |||
: ''gundam miąre tati vvlirute''. — I think it's a good idea. | |||
: ''viṣam lgutīti fali nali vvlirute''. — if I were you, I'd buy the other one. (note imperfective subjunctive) | |||
: ''viṣam lgutevite fali nali vvlirute''. — if I were you, I'd have bought the other one. (perfective subjunctive here) | |||
''nilyake'', on the other hand, is used in the past to state something that was thought to be one way but turned out not to be. Also, it is used for future forecasts: | |||
: ''nęlte yartāṃrye tati nilyirau, lalla hånna ni nāṭ moe''. — I thought it was 4:00 in the morning, but it was already ''lalla hånna'' (7:00 in the morning). | |||
: ''camiyūs vali tati inilyiram e !'' — I thought you were from Cami! (the perfect here could also be translated as "until now, I had been thinking ...") | |||
: ''menire dašajildiṣya tati nelyęru''. — I think it's going to rain tomorrow. | |||
Still, it's better not to translate directly "to think" as ''nilyake'' as in many cases Chlouvānem simply uses an evidential marker: | |||
: ''tū drekvante''. — I think (s)he did it. (= apparently, (s)he did it) | |||
: ''tū drekvantemū''. — I think (s)he did it, but it's probably not so. (= apparently, (s)he did it, but probably not) | |||
: ''dumoe miąre vælkye''. — I've been told the movie is good. | |||
What should '''not''' be used (unless in the most informal contexts) is the first-person evidential in order to state one's opinion, because it carries the implicit meaning that that opinion is true and any other is inherently false: saying ''dumoe miąre vælmī'' does not mean "I think the movie is good", but instead specifies that the fact the movie is good is an objective truth confirmed by the speaker. | |||
===Swadesh list=== | ===Swadesh list=== | ||