Ris: Difference between revisions

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=====Animate subjective instrumental=====
=====Animate subjective instrumental=====
The last use of the instrumental, similarly to [[w:Russian language|Russian]] and in part to [[w:English language|English]] is to reintroduce a subject in a passive clause, very similarly to the adpositional phrase "by me" in English, as in ''"He was killed"'', and later; ''"He was killed by me"''. Using the instrumental with a reflexive mediopassive gives a reinforced statement, confer the Spanish disjunct prepositional pronouns:
The last use of the instrumental, similarly to [[w:Russian language|Russian]] and in part to [[w:English language|English]] is to reintroduce a subject in a passive clause. The usage is very similar to the adpositional phrase "by me" in English, as in ''"He was killed"'', and later; ''"He was killed by me"''.  
*''Me lavo'' - «I wash myself»
*''A mí me lavo'' - «As for myself, I wash myself»


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
Please note, that this formation, although grammatically correct, is considered quite rude by most speakers. The subjective instrumental is reserved for inanimates for most speakers, and an active verb is used for animate subjects.
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="5"|'''gva muni min{{blue|an}}?'''


!
{{Gloss
|phrase = Enmnīnta {{blue|ouena}}
|IPA = /ɛnˈmnɪnta wɛˈna/
|morphemes = en-mnīo-nta oue-{{blue|na}}
|gloss = MED-to_see-PCP 1.EXC-{{blue|INS}}.DC
|translation = Seen by the two of us.
}}


| colspan="3"|'''mumnayyiz g{{blue|an}}'''
{{Gloss
 
|phrase = Atai eniniskhanta {{blue|ērrhasterrhan}}
!
|IPA = /ˈataj ɛnɪnɪsˈxanta eːˈr̥ʰːastɛr̥ʰːan/
 
|morphemes = atai en-ino-iskha-nta ērrho-aster-{{blue|rhan}}
| colspan="4"| '''ethunann g{{blue|an}}'''
|gloss = they.3.PAT.PL MED-to_be-CAU.CES-PCP to_love-AG-{{blue|INS}}.SG
|-
|translation = They were killed by the lover.
<!-- Pronunciation-->
}}
| colspan="5"|/ɡwa ˈŋ͡muni ˈŋinan/
{{Gloss
 
|phrase = Ērrhastera atai iniskhis
!
|IPA = /eːˈr̥ʰːastɛra ˈataj ɪnɪsˈxɪs /
 
|morphemes = ino-iskha-∅-is atai ērrho-aster-a
| colspan="3"|/ˈmuŋ͡majːiz ˈɡøn/
|gloss =  to_love-AG-AGT.SG they.3.PAT.PL to_be.ACT-IND.PRFV-1.AGT.SG
 
|translation = The lover killed them.
!
}}
 
| colspan="4"|/ˈθunanː ɡøn/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
 
|<small>g</small>
|<small>-va</small>
|<small>muni</small>
|<small>min</small>
|<small>{{blue|-an}}</small>
 
!
 
|<small>mumnayyiz</small>
|<small>g</small>
|<small>{{blue|-an}}</small>
 
!
 
|<small>thuna</small>
|<small>-nn</small>
|<small>g</small>
|<small>{{blue|-an}}</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
| I/{{sc|1.sg.m}}
| -{{sc|m.agt.sg}}
|see/{{sc|med.ind.dyn.c.sg}}
|you/{{sc|2.pl.c}}
| -{{sc|m.{{blue|ins}}}}
 
!
 
|discover/{{sc|medpcp}}
| I/{{sc|1.sg.m}}
| -{{sc|m.{{blue|ins}}}}
 
!
 
|talk/{{sc|med.ind.dyn.c.sg}}
| -{{sc|-m.pat.1.sg}}
| I/{{sc|1.sg.m}}
| -{{sc|m.{{blue|ins}}}}
|-
<!-- Translations -->
 
| colspan="5"| ''I'm seen by you''
 
!
.
| colspan="3"|''Discovered by me''
 
!
 
| colspan="4"|''Me, I speak of myself.''
|}


====Locative====
====Locative====
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