Varangian: Difference between revisions

Varangian (view source)

Revision as of 11:32, 16 June 2023

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→‎Nouns

Shariifka

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 ===Nouns===
 *The citation form is the singular nominative
-*Regular masculine nouns ending in consonant adds –ă in plural. If in –i, 'i' is dropped and replaced with –ă. If it already ends in –ă, it remains unchanged.
+*Pluralization of regular masculine nouns:
-*Regular feminine nouns ending in consonant add –ăr in plural. If ending in –i, -i is dropped and –ăr is added. If the singular ends in –u, just –r is added. The plural form is also used for singular dative-genitive.
+**Ending in consonant: add ''-ă''.
-*Regular neuter nouns undergo u-umlaut in the plural. The only vowels affected are a, ă and â:
+**Ending in ''-i'': replace ''-i'' with ''-ă''.
-**a > o
+**Ending in ''-ă'': no change.
-**ă > u
+*Pluralization of regular feminine nouns:
-**â > u
+**Ending in consonant: add ''-ăr''.
-*Some nouns have a –j–/palatalization or –v– that appears before endings beginning in a vowel but is dropped otherwise.
+**Ending in ''-i'': replace ''-i'' with ''-ăr''.
-*A few nouns (known as consonant stems) have irregular plurals, mostly involving either i-umlaut or reversal of u-umlaut (i.e. singular has u-umlaut that is lost in plural). Masculine and neuter nouns have use the singular form for dative/genitive, while feminine nouns use the plural form. Some examples of common nouns with irregular plurals are listed below:
+**Ending in ''-u'': add ''-r''.
+*Regular neuter nouns undergo u-umlaut in the plural. The only vowels affected are ''a, ă'', and ''â''.
+**''a'' > ''o''
+**''ă, â'' > ''u''
+*Some nouns have a ''-j-'', palatalization, or ''-v-'' that appears before endings beginning in a vowel but is dropped otherwise.
+*A few nouns (known as consonant stems) have irregular plurals, mostly involving either i-umlaut or reversal of u-umlaut (i.e. singular has u-umlaut that is lost in plural). Some examples of common nouns with irregular plurals are listed below:
 **mând (M) > mindă
 **foðr (M) > feðră
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 **džov (F) > džavăr
 **corn (F) > carnăr
+* Formation of genitive-dative:
+**Masculine and neuter consonant stems: The genitive-dative singular is identical to the nominative-accusative singular.
+**Other nouns: The genitive-dative singular is identical to the nominative-accusative plural.
+** The genitive-dative plural is always identical to the nominative-accusative plural.
 ==Syntax==