Qazhrian: Difference between revisions

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Qazhrian lost grammatical gender and all nominal inflections except number and construct state.
Qazhrian lost grammatical gender and all nominal inflections except number and construct state.


There is no indefinite article. The definite article is ''zhë'' (< ''*gjë'' < ''φinom''), and it triggers the soft mutation:
There is no indefinite article. The definite article is ''gje'' (< ''φinom''), and it triggers the soft mutation:
*''tëzh'' 'a child'; ''zhë dëzh'' 'the child'
*''tëzh'' 'a child'; ''gje dëzh'' 'the child'
*''rronn'' 'a man'; ''zhë ronn'' 'the man'
*''rronn'' 'a man'; ''gje ronn'' 'the man'
*''kavër'' 'a woman'; ''zhë gavër'' 'the woman'
*''kavër'' 'a woman'; ''gje gavër'' 'the woman'


Construct state is usually formed with ''-ë'':
Construct state is usually formed with ''-ë'':
*''tëzhë zhë ront'' 'the man's child'
*''tëzhë gje ront'' 'the man's child'


===Verbs===
===Verbs===

Revision as of 23:06, 9 February 2018

Qazhrian/Lexicon

Qazhrian (/kɑːʒriən/ KAHZH-ree-uhn; natively: Qazhrem /ˈqaʒrem/ or zhë Lazhrem /ʒə ˈʟaʒrem/) is a Talmic language spoken in Qazhra (from Thensarian Ȝactrasē), a Talman country. It is descended from Thensarian.

External history

This language was originally called Benocian and was Romance- and Ashkenazi Hebrew-inspired, and it had a strong Portuguese flavor. Recently I decided to rework it, basing the aesthetic more on Albanian and Breton.

Ideas

  • Breton-ish but not too gibby. Get more palatal consonants.
  • /ts, dz/ from Thensarian /θ ð/
    • or > /š ž/?
    • d and dz both lenite to z
  • /q/ lenites intervocallically to /ʟ/
  • /m/ does NOT lenite.

Diachronics

  • i ī u ū e o ē ō a ā e ae ao ei eo iu oe ui > i e ou u ë o ō ē a ō ai au e ou u e

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ nj /ɲ/ ng /ŋ/
Plosive voiceless p /p/ t /t/, c /ts/ kj /c/ k /k/ q /q/
voiced b /b/ d /d/, x /dz/ gj /ɟ/ g /g/
Fricative voiceless f /f/ s /s/ sh /ʃ/ c'h /x/ ħ /χ/ h /h/
voiced v /v/ z /z/ zh /ʒ/ gh /ɣ/
Liquid r /ɾ/, rr /r/ l /ɴ̆~ʟ/
Approximant w /w/ y /j/

p, f are found in loanwords (e.g. from Clofabic and Windermere).

Auslautverhärtung operates for plosives and is reflected in the orthography.

Vowels

Vowels
Front Central Back
Close i /i/ u /y/ ou /u/
Close-mid e /e/ ë /ə/ o /o/
Open-mid ē /ɛ/ ō /ɔ/
Open a /a/

Diphthongs: ai au /əi əu/; ië uë ouë /iə yə uə/ from loans

Morphology

Mutations

Qazhrian has three types of mutations: soft, nasal, and hard.

Radical p f t c s sh kj k q ħ b d x z gj g
Soft b f d x s sh gj g l ħ v zj z z y gh
Nasal p f t c s sh kj k l ħ m n x z nj ng
Hard p f sj s c kj kj c'h ħ ħ p t c s kj k
Radical m n nj w l rr y
Soft v n nj w l r y
Nasal m n nj w l rr y
Hard m n nj gw gl gr gj

Examples:

  • The definite article triggers soft mutation.
  • The relativizer re triggers nasal mutation.

Nouns

Qazhrian lost grammatical gender and all nominal inflections except number and construct state.

There is no indefinite article. The definite article is gje (< φinom), and it triggers the soft mutation:

  • tëzh 'a child'; gje dëzh 'the child'
  • rronn 'a man'; gje ronn 'the man'
  • kavër 'a woman'; gje gavër 'the woman'

Construct state is usually formed with :

  • tëzhë gje ront 'the man's child'

Verbs

There are finite verbs, but auxiliaries are also important

Syntax