Naeng/Classical: Difference between revisions
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**thf -> ft, e.g. ''tăfi'' (laugh) -> ''*tithfi'' -> ''tifti'' (mock) (Classical and Modern Wdm. ''tăfi'', ''tifti'') | **thf -> ft, e.g. ''tăfi'' (laugh) -> ''*tithfi'' -> ''tifti'' (mock) (Classical and Modern Wdm. ''tăfi'', ''tifti'') | ||
*rC, lC > Cr, Cl | *rC, lC > Cr, Cl | ||
*ps pt pn png > sp pr fn | *ps pt pn png > sp pr fn fng | ||
*tp tsp kp > tw tsw cw; Proto-Windermere breathy vowel + tp tsp kp > thw tsw chw | *tp tsp kp > tw tsw cw; Proto-Windermere breathy vowel + tp tsp kp > thw tsw chw | ||
*tsc cts tsp pts sts ts > sc sc sp sp st st | *tsc cts tsp pts sts ts > sc sc sp sp st st |
Revision as of 01:56, 27 September 2018
Phonology
Old Windermere had breathy voiced vowels ah eh ih oh uh üh /aʱ eʱ iʱ oʱ uʱ yʱ/ which became ä ea ie oa ua üe in Classical Winderemre.
Old Windermere also retained more vowel contrasts in preinitial syllables which was lost in Classical Windermere: it had both ă /ə/ and ĭ /ɪ/ as reduced vowels. This contrast is retained in Pradiul as palatalization of the preceding consonant.
Morphology
Sandhi
Old Windermere had a complex sandhi system (somewhere between Biblical Hebrew and Sanskrit) which was no longer productive in Classical Windermere.
- th + fric -> fric + t
- ths -> st, as in sehf (go) -> *thsehf -> stehf (to drive) (Modern binsteaf (energy), sămteaf (to energize))
- thf -> ft, e.g. tăfi (laugh) -> *tithfi -> tifti (mock) (Classical and Modern Wdm. tăfi, tifti)
- rC, lC > Cr, Cl
- ps pt pn png > sp pr fn fng
- tp tsp kp > tw tsw cw; Proto-Windermere breathy vowel + tp tsp kp > thw tsw chw
- tsc cts tsp pts sts ts > sc sc sp sp st st
Grassmann's law was productive in Old Windermere. When there were two spirant consonants before a stressed vowel in a word, the first was despirantized. e.g. *chăfol > căfol
Derivation
Old Windermere had the following prefixes:
- *th- (causative; denominal verbs)
- pi- (agentive; triggers voicing of voiceless stops p t c to b d g)
- da (know) -> pĭda ('sage'; Classical păda, Modern pda)
- tüth (to grasp) -> pĭdüth (meaning, intention)
- ha- (passive)
Old Windermere also used breathy voice ablaut to denote tools: snar (capture) -> snahr (trap, snare) which survives in Modern Windermere as snär.