Togarmite/Old: Difference between revisions
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*''yōm tēb'' = a good day | *''yōm tēb'' = a good day | ||
*''yōman tēban'' = the good day | *''yōman tēban'' = the good day | ||
*'' | *''yōmēš tēbīn'' = good days | ||
*'' | *''yōmēšil tēbīl'' = the good days | ||
*''φarīθ tēbθ'' = a good fruit | *''φarīθ tēbθ'' = a good fruit | ||
*''φarīθan tēbθan'' = the good fruit | *''φarīθan tēbθan'' = the good fruit | ||
*'' | *''φariyēš tēbēš'' = good fruits | ||
*'' | *''φariyēšil tēbēšil'' = the good fruits | ||
(Attributive adjectives cannot take the construct state) | (Attributive adjectives cannot take the construct state) | ||
Revision as of 01:16, 23 July 2019
Old Togarmite or Classical Togarmite (Θēgarmīθ; Modern: Þėrmiþ ȝyþikt) is the ancestor of Modern Togarmite. It is the liturgical language of (L-Balkan religion).
Inflection
Pronouns
- 1sg: ʔanēχ
- 2sg: ʔaθθa (m), ʔaθθi (f)
- 3sg: hū (m), hī (f)
- 1pl: naħnē
- 2pl: ʔaθθum (m), ʔaθθin (f)
- 3pl: hōm (m), hēn (f)
Nouns
Adjectives
Declension of tēb 'good':
- yōm tēb = a good day
- yōman tēban = the good day
- yōmēš tēbīn = good days
- yōmēšil tēbīl = the good days
- φarīθ tēbθ = a good fruit
- φarīθan tēbθan = the good fruit
- φariyēš tēbēš = good fruits
- φariyēšil tēbēšil = the good fruits
(Attributive adjectives cannot take the construct state)
Verbs
Old Togarmite verbs are divided into 6 binyanim:
- φaȝal/haφφuȝāl - G/N-stem
- φaȝȝēl/φuȝȝāl - D-stem
- haφȝēl/hassuφȝāl - Š-stem
- haθφaȝal/haθφuȝāl - tG/Gt-stem
- θaφaȝȝēl/θaφuȝȝāl - tD-stem
- hastaφȝēl/hastuφȝāl - Št-stem
Binyan 1A: φaȝal
Semantics: basic action
future tense: φaȝalθe, φaȝalθa, φaȝalθi, φaȝal, φaȝalθ, φaȝalnē, φaȝalθum, φaȝalθin, φaȝalū, φaȝalē
present tense: ʔaφāȝal, taφāȝal, taφāȝalī, yaφāȝal, yaφāȝəlī, naφāȝal, taφāȝalū, taφāȝalē, yaφāȝalū, yaφāȝalē
past tense: ʔaφȝōl, taφȝōl, taφȝulī, yaφȝōl, yaφȝulī, naφȝōl, taφȝulū, taφȝulē, yaφȝulū, yaφȝulē
imperative: φaȝōl! φaȝlī! φaȝlū! φaȝlē!
participle: φēȝēl
VN: φaȝēl
Example: hamal 'to suffer', žaχar 'to remember'
Binyan 1P: haφφuȝāl
future tense: haφφuȝalθe, haφφuȝalθa, haφφuȝalθi, haφφuȝāl, haφφuȝālθ, haφφuȝalnē, haφφuȝalθum, haφφuȝalθin, haφφuȝalū, haφφuȝalē
present tense: ʔiφφāȝēl, tiφφāȝēl, tiφφāȝilī, yiφφāȝēl, yiφφāȝilī, niφφāȝēl, tiφφāȝilū, tiφφāȝilē, yiφφāȝilū, yiφφāȝilē
past tense: ʔiφφuȝāl, tiφφuȝāl, tiφφuȝalī, yiφφuȝāl, yiφφuȝalī, niφφuȝāl, tiφφuȝalū, tiφφuȝalē, yiφφuȝalū, yiφφuȝalē
imperative: hiφφuȝāl! hiφφuȝalī! hiφφuȝalū! hiφφuȝalē!
participle: miφφuȝāl
VN: hiφφuȝālθ
Binyan 2A: φaȝȝēl
Semantics: causative, transitive, applicative, denominal verbs including 4-consonant verbs
Examples:
- žaχχēr 'to record'
- nahhēh 'to put an object on'
- nabbēʔ 'to prophesy, to call out'
- θargēm 'to translate'
future tense: φaȝȝilθe, φaȝȝilθa, φaȝȝilθi, φaȝȝēl, φaȝȝēlθ, φaȝȝilnē, φaȝȝilθum, φaȝȝilθin, φaȝȝilū, φaȝȝilē
present tense: ʔaφāȝaȝēl, taφāȝaȝēl, taφāȝaȝilī, yaφāȝaȝēl, yaφāȝaȝilī, naφāȝaȝēl, taφāȝaȝilū, taφāȝaȝilē, yaφāȝaȝilū, yaφāȝaȝilē
past tense: ʔaφaȝȝēl, taφaȝȝēl, taφaȝȝilī, yaφaȝȝēl, yaφaȝȝilī, naφaȝȝēl, taφaȝȝilū, taφaȝȝilē, yaφaȝȝilū, yaφaȝȝilē
imperative: φaȝȝēl! φaȝȝilī! φaȝȝilū! φaȝȝilē!
participle: muφaȝȝēl
verbal noun: φaȝȝūl
Binyan 2P: φuȝȝāl
Binyan 3A: haφȝēl
Semantics: causative
Example: hažχēr 'to remind'
Binyan 3P: hassuφȝāl
Binyan 4A: haθφaȝal
Semantics: reflexive, reciprocal, event or change of state
haždaχar = 'to come to mind'
Binyan 4P: haθφuȝāl
Binyan 5A: θaφaȝȝēl
Semantics: "outward/other-oriented" actions
Verbs of this binyan do not always have passives.
Example: θažaχχēr 'to resent, to desire revenge on'
Binyan 5P: θaφuȝȝāl
Binyan 6A: hastaφȝēl
Semantics: "to make oneself X"
Examples:
- hastažχēr 'to make note of'
- hastaχθēb 'to copy, to transcribe'
Binyan 6P: hastuφȝāl
Numerals
- m. ʔaħad, f. ʔaħāθ
- m. ʔiśnaim, f. ʔiśθaim, construct ʔiśnē, ʔiśθē
- m. śalēśθ-, f. śalēś-
- m. ʔarbaȝθ-, f. ʔarbaȝ-
- m. çamiššaθ-, f. çamišš-
- m. siććaθ, f. sićć-
- m. sabȝaθ, f. sabȝ-
- m. śamēnīθ-, f. śamēniy-
- m. þisȝaθ-, f. þisȝ-
- m. ȝaśraθ-, f. ȝaśr-