Verse:Irta/English: Difference between revisions

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<poem>
<poem>
''O Captin! My Captin! ûr phiêrphul trip is dôn;''
''O Captin! My Captin! ûr phiêrphul trip is dôn;''
''Ðe skhip has weđrd evrih rac, đe prise uê suht is wun;''
''Ðe ship has weđrd evrih rac, đe prise uê suht is wun;''
''Ðe port is niêr, đe bels ih hiêr, đe pơpul al exsulting,''
''Ðe port is niêr, đe bels ih hiêr, đe pơpul al exsulting,''
''Qhîl pholo eihs đe stedih kêl, đe vessl grim and dâring;''
''Qhîl pholo eihs đe stedih kêl, đe vessl grim and dâring;''

Revision as of 17:22, 26 July 2019

English
Ingliskh
Pronunciation[/ˈɪŋglɪʃ/]
Created by
SettingVerse:Lõis
Indo-European

English in the Lõis timeline is an Indo-European language with pretty much exactly the same vocabulary and grammar as our English, but with a very different (in particular not descending from Proto-Germanic) history.

It is part of a sprachbund with Togarmite, modern Camalic languages and Persian.

Diachronics

PTTA to Middle TT-English

Middle TT-English to Modern TT-English

Orthography

uon, tô, thrê, phuor, phîv, six, sevn, aiht, nyn, ten

O Captin! My Captin! ûr phiêrphul trip is dôn;
Ðe ship has weđrd evrih rac, đe prise uê suht is wun;
Ðe port is niêr, đe bels ih hiêr, đe pơpul al exsulting,
Qhîl pholo eihs đe stedih kêl, đe vessl grim and dâring;
But O hart! hart! hart!
O đe blêding drops of red,
Qher on đe dec my captin lihs,
Phalen cold and diêd.


pelth₂óm > PPTA pheldă > phêld "field"

Accents

There are 4 to 5 main dialects of English.

L-Standard English

Californian + RP. Rhoticity in idiolectal or free variation.

Vowels

  • KIT = ɪ~ɪ̈
  • DRESS = ɛ̞
  • TRAP = BATH = a
  • PALM = ɑː
  • FOOT = ɘ
  • STRUT = ɜ̟~ɐ
  • LOT = CLOTH = ɔ~ɒ
  • THOUGHT = ɔː~ɒː
  • FLEECE = iː~ɪj
  • FACE = eɪ
  • PRICE = aɪ~ɑɪ
  • GOOSE = yː; uː before [ɫ]
  • GOAT = əʊ~əʏ; oʊ before [ɫ]
  • MOUTH = aʊ~æʊ~æʏ
  • NEAR = ɪə(r)
  • SQUARE = ɛə(r)
  • NURSE = əː(r)~ɜː(r)
  • START = ɑː(r)
  • NORTH = FORCE = POOR = oə(r)
  • CURE = joə(r)~jəː(r)~jɜː(r)
  • lettER = commA = ə(r)
  • happY = i
  • orange = [ɒɹɪndʒ~ɔɹɪndʒ]
  • Mary [mɛəɹi] ≈ merry [mɛɹi] ≠ marry [maɹi]
  • Mirror-nearer distinction
  • Hurry-furry distinction
  • No mergers before /l/

Consonants

  • L is light [l] before vowels and dark [ɫ] otherwise, as in RP.
    • wholly-holy split.
  • No glottal reinforcement before stops.
  • /p t k/ are unaspirated after stressed syllables as in AmE.
  • /d t/ has a tapped [ɾ] allophone in similar environments as in American English.
  • wine-whine merger optional.

Pseudo-Ashkenazi Hebrew accent

  • KIT = ɪ
  • DRESS = ɛ
  • TRAP = BATH = a
  • PALM = ɑː
  • FOOT = STRUT = ʏ
  • LOT = CLOTH = THOUGHT = o
  • FLEECE = iː
  • FACE = ɛɪ~æɪ
  • PRICE = ɑɪ~ɒɪ
  • GOOSE = uː
  • GOAT = CHOICE = oɪ~øʏ
  • MOUTH = aʏ~aʊ
  • NEAR = FLEECE + ʀ
  • SQUARE = FACE + ʀ
  • NURSE = əʀ
  • START = TRAP + ʀ
  • NORTH = LOT + ʀ
  • FORCE = GOAT + ʀ (the "or" in "Torah" is pronounced this way)
  • POOR = GOOSE + ʀ
  • CURE = juʀ
  • lettER = əʀ
  • commA = ə
  • happY = i
  • Mary [mɛɪʀi] ≠ merry [mɛʀi] ≠ marry [maʀi]
  • mirror [mɪʀəʀ] ≠ nearer [niʀəʀ]
  • hurry [hʏʀɪ] ≠ furry [fəʀɪ]
  • /l/ is always light
  • /r/ = [ʀ~ʁ]
  • Irish style spirantized /t/

[ol hu:mən bijənz əʀ boʀən fʀi: ən i:kwəl ɪn dɪgnɪθ̱i ən ʀɑɪts. ðɛɪ əʀ ɪndaʏd wið ʀi:zən ən konʃəns ən ʃʏd akt toʀds won ənʏðəʀ ɪn ə spɪʀɪθ̱ əv bʀʏðəχʏd]


A rhotic accent

Rhotic with R-colored vowels using uvular r

  • KIT = [ɪ],
  • DRESS = [ɛ] (but it gets raised before fricatives),
  • TRAP = [a] usually, /ɔ:/ before nasals
  • LOT merges with TRAP
  • THOUGHT = [uə] (and some words with silent -gh are pronounced with /f/ like thought = [θuft])
  • GOAT = [oə]
  • FOOT = STRUT = [ɨ]
  • GOOSE = [y]
  • PRICE = [ei] before fricatives, [ae] otherwise
  • MOUTH = [ou] before fricatives, [ɑo] otherwise
  • FLEECE = Viby-i
  • FACE = [iɛ]
  • PALM = [a]

A pre-Grimm accent

  • /f θ h hw/ = [pʰ tʰ kʰ~x kwʰ~xw]
  • /v/ = [b~β]
  • /ʍ/ = [ʍ]
  • /r/ = [ɾ~ɹ]
  • /ʃ/ = [sx~sʰ]