Proto-Maro-Ephenian: Difference between revisions

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! colspan="2" | Talothic  
! colspan="2" | Talothic  
! colspan="2" | Iscaric  
! colspan="2" | Iscaric  
! rowspan="2" | Proto-<br>Fyrdic
|-
|-
! Proto-<br>Maro-<br>Stiric
! Proto-<br>Maro-<br>Stiric
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| *p
| *p
| p
| p
| *f; *b
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *bʰ
! *bʰ
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| *ɸ; *β
| *ɸ; *β
| f, b
| f, b
| *b; *f
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *t
! *t
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| *t; *tʰ; *ts; *ťť
| *t; *tʰ; *ts; *ťť
| t, th, s, tt
| t, th, s, tt
| *t̪
| *t̪; *ts
| t
| t, ȥ [ts]
| *þ; *d
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *d
! *d
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| *d̪
| *d̪
| d
| d
| *t
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *dʰ
! *dʰ
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| *θ; *ð
| *θ; *ð
| f, d; b
| f, d; b
| *d
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *t̂
! *t̂
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| *t; *tʰ; *ts; ťť
| *t; *tʰ; *ts; ťť
| t, th, s, tt
| t, th, s, tt
| *t
| *t; *ts
| t
| t, ȥ [ts]
| *þ; *d
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *d̂
! *d̂
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| *d
| *d
| d
| d
| *t
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *d̂ʰ
! *d̂ʰ
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| *r̥; *r̝; d
| *r̥; *r̝; d
| rh [r̥], r; b, d
| rh [r̥], r; b, d
| *d
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *tˡ
! *tˡ
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| *ts; *ťť
| *ts; *ťť
| s, tt
| s, tt
| *tɬ
| *tɬ; *ts
| tl [tɬ]
| tl [tɬ], ȥ [ts]
| *þ; *d
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *dˡ
! *dˡ
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| *d
| *d
| d
| d
| *t
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *dˡʰ
! *dˡʰ
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| *ɬ; *ɮ; d
| *ɬ; *ɮ; d
| f, l; b, d
| f, l; b, d
| *d
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *t́
! *t́
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| *ts; *ťť
| *ts; *ťť
| s, tt
| s, tt
| *ts̠
| *ts
| ȥ
| ȥ [ts]
| *þ; *d
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *d́
! *d́
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| *d
| *d
| d
| d
| *t
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *d́ʰ
! *d́ʰ
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| *s̠; *z̠; d
| *s̠; *z̠; d
| s, r; b, d
| s, r; b, d
| *d
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *ḱ
! *ḱ
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| *k
| *k
| c
| c
| *h; *g
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *ǵ
! *ǵ
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| *g
| *g
| g
| g
| *k; *h
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *ǵʰ
! *ǵʰ
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| *x; *ɣ
| *x; *ɣ
| h; Ø, gh [ɣ]; g
| h; Ø, gh [ɣ]; g
| *g; *h
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *k
! *k
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| *k
| *k
| c
| c
| *h; *g
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *g
! *g
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| *g
| *g
| g
| g
| *k; *h
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *gʰ
! *gʰ
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| *x; *ɣ
| *x; *ɣ
| h; Ø, gh [ɣ]; g
| h; Ø, gh [ɣ]; g
| *g; *h
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *kʷ
! *kʷ
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| *kʷ
| *kʷ
| cu; c
| cu; c
| *hw; *gw; *h
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *gʷ
! *gʷ
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| *gʷ
| *gʷ
| v [ʋ]; gu
| v [ʋ]; gu
| *kw; *h
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *gʷʰ
! *gʷʰ
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| *xʷ; *ɣʷ
| *xʷ; *ɣʷ
| f, v [ʋ]; gu
| f, v [ʋ]; gu
| *gw; *h
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *q
! *q
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| *q
| *q
| q
| q
| *χ; *ʀ
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *qʷ
! *qʷ
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| *qʷ
| *qʷ
| qu; q
| qu; q
| *χw; *ʀw; *χ
|}
|}


Revision as of 10:04, 6 September 2019

Proto-Maro-Ephenian
Created byLimius
SettingAvrid
Maro-Ephenian
  • Proto-Maro-Ephenian
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Proto-Maro-Ephenian (PME) is the ancient common ancestor of the Maro-Ephenian languages, spoken broadly throughout Ephenia, Eubora, and parts of Suria. This includes Aeranir and its descendants, Dalitian, and many others.

Phonology

Consonant phonemes
Labial Coronal Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
dental alveolar lateral post-
alveolar 		palato-
velar 		plain labial plain labial
Nasal *m *n *ń
Stop voiceless *p *t *t̂ *tˡ *t́ *ḱ *k *kʷ *q *qʷ
voiced *d *d̂ *dˡ *d́ *ɡ́ *g *gʷ
aspirated *bʰ *dʰ *d̂ʰ *dˡʰ *d́ʰ *ɡ́ʰ *gʰ *gʷʰ
Fricative *s *h
Trill *r₁, *r₂ *r₃
Approximate *l *y *w

Sound laws

Consonant phonemes
PME Maro-Stiric Talothic Iscaric Proto-
Fyrdic
Proto-
Maro-
Stiric 		Stiric Old
Marian 		Proto-
Talothic 		Dalitian Proto-
Iscaric 		Aeranir
*p *p; *pʰ p, ph p, f *p; *pʰ; *pť p, ph, pt *p p *f; *b
*bʰ *bʰ; b bh, b b *pʰ; *p; *pť ph, p, pt *ɸ; *β f, b *b; *f
*t *t; *tʰ t, th t, ϑ *t; *tʰ; *ts; *ťť t, th, s, tt *t̪; *ts t, ȥ [ts] *þ; *d
*d *d; *dʰ d, dh d *d; *tʰ; *ds; *ďď d, th, s, z *d̪ d *t
*dʰ *dʰ; *d dh, d d *tʰ; *t; *ts; *ťť th, t, s, tt *θ; *ð f, d; b *d
*t̂ *ʈ; *ʈʰ ṭ, ṭh t, ϑ *t; *tʰ; *ts; ťť t, th, s, tt *t; *ts t, ȥ [ts] *þ; *d
*d̂ *ɖ; *ɖʰ ḍ; ḷ, ḍh; ḷh d *d; *tʰ; *ds; *ďď d, th, s, z *d d *t
*d̂ʰ *ɖʰ; *ɖ ḍh; ḷh, ḍ; ḷ d *tʰ; *t; *ts; *ťť th, t, s, tt *r̥; *r̝; d rh [r̥], r; b, d *d
*tˡ *č; *čʰ c, ch č *ts; *ťť s, tt *tɬ; *ts tl [tɬ], ȥ [ts] *þ; *d
*dˡ *ǰ; *ǰʰ j, h ǰ *ds; *ďď s, z *d d *t
*dˡʰ *ǰʰ; *ǰ h, j ǰ *ts; *ťť s, tt *ɬ; *ɮ; d f, l; b, d *d
*t́ *č; *čʰ c, ch č *ts; *ťť s, tt *ts ȥ [ts] *þ; *d
*d́ *ǰ; *ǰʰ j, h ǰ *ds, *ďď s, z *d d *t
*d́ʰ *ǰʰ; *ǰ h, j ǰ *ts; *ťť s, tt *s̠; *z̠; d s, r; b, d *d
*ḱ *ĉ ś ϑ *k; *kʰ; *ťť k, kh, tt *k c *h; *g
*ǵ *ǰ; *ǰʰ j, h d *g; *kʰ; *ďď g, kh, z *g g *k; *h
*ǵʰ *ǰʰ; *ǰ h, j d *kʰ; k; *ťť kh, k, tt *x; *ɣ h; Ø, gh [ɣ]; g *g; *h
*k *k; *kʰ; *č k, kh, c k, x, č *k; *kʰ; *ťť k, kh, tt *k c *h; *g
*g *g; *gʰ; *ǰ g, gh, j g, ǰ *g; *kʰ; *ďď g, kh, z *g g *k; *h
*gʰ *gʰ; *g; *ǰʰ; *ǰ gh, g, h, j g, ǰ *kʰ; *k; *ťť kh, k, tt *x; *ɣ h; Ø, gh [ɣ]; g *g; *h
*kʷ *k; *kʰ; *č k, kh, c k, x, č *kʷ; *kʷʰ; *ťť p; t; k,
ph; th; kh, tt 		*kʷ cu; c *hw; *gw; *h
*gʷ *g; *gʰ; *ǰ g, gh, j g, ǰ *gʷ; *kʷʰ; *ďď b; d; g,
ph; th; kh, z 		*gʷ v [ʋ]; gu *kw; *h
*gʷʰ *gʰ; *g; *ǰʰ; *ǰ gh, g, h, j g, ǰ *kʷʰ; *kʷ; *ťť ph; th; kh,
p; t; k, tt 		*xʷ; *ɣʷ f, v [ʋ]; gu *gw; *h
*q *q; *qʰ; *č k, kh, c q, χ, č *k; *kʰ; *ťť k, kh, tt *q q *χ; *ʀ
*qʷ *q; *qʰ; *č k, kh, c q, χ, č *kʷ; *kʷʰ; +ťť p; t; k,
ph; th; kh, tt 		*qʷ qu; q *χw; *ʀw; *χ

Lexicon

Proto-Maro-Ephenian Roots

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