Module:av-pron

Documentation for this module may be created at Module:av-pron/doc

local export = {}

local stress = "ˈ"
local long = "ː"
local acute = mw.ustring.char(0x301)
local grave = mw.ustring.char(0x300)
local circumflex = mw.ustring.char(0x302)
local acute_or_grave = "[" .. acute .. grave .. "]"
local vowels = "aeiou"
local vowel = "[" .. vowels .. "]"
local vowel_or_semivowel = "[" .. vowels .. "jw]"
local not_vowel = "[^" .. vowels .. "]"
local front = "[eij]"
local fronted = mw.ustring.char(0x031F)
local voiced_consonant = "[bdɡlmnrv]"

local full_affricates = { ["ʦ"] = "t͡s", ["ʣ"] = "d͡z", ["ʧ"] = "t͡ʃ", ["ʤ"] = "d͡ʒ" }

-- ʦ, ʣ, ʧ, ʤ used for
-- t͡s, d͡z, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ in body of function.

-- voiced_z must be a table of integer indices, a boolean, or nil.
function export.to_phonemic(word, single_character_affricates)
	word = mw.ustring.lower(word):gsub("'", "")
	
	-- Decompose combining characters: for instance, è → e + ◌̀
	local decomposed = mw.ustring.toNFD(word):gsub("ch", "k"):gsub("ng$", "ŋ")
	
	-- Transcriptions must contain an acute or grave, to indicate stress position.
	-- This does not handle phrases containing more than one stressed word.
	-- Default to penultimate stress rather than throw error?
	local vowel_count
	if not mw.ustring.find(decomposed, acute_or_grave) then
		-- Allow monosyllabic unstressed words.
		vowel_count = select(2, decomposed:gsub("[aeiou]", "%1"))
		if vowel_count ~= 1 then
			-- Add acute accent on second-to-last vowel.
			decomposed = mw.ustring.gsub(decomposed, 
				"(" .. vowel .. ")(" .. not_vowel .. "*[iu]?" .. vowel .. not_vowel .. "*)$",
				"%1" .. acute .. "%2")
		end
	end
	
	local transcription = decomposed
	
	-- Assume that aw is English.
	transcription = mw.ustring.gsub(
		transcription,
		"a(" .. grave .. "?)w",
		{ [""] = vowel_count == 1 and "ɔ" or "o", [grave] = "ɔ"})
	
	-- Handle gl and gn.
	transcription = mw.ustring.gsub(transcription,
		"(g[n])(.?)()",
		function (digraph, after, pos)
			local consonant
			if digraph == "gn" then
				consonant = "ɲ"
				
				local following = mw.ustring.sub(transcription, pos, pos)
				if following ~= "" and vowels:find(following) then
					after = ""
				end
			end
			
			if consonant then
				return consonant .. after
			end
		end)
	
	-- Handle other cases of c, g.
	transcription = mw.ustring.gsub(transcription,
		"(([cg])([cg]?)(h?))(.?)",
		function (consonant, first, double, second, next)
			-- Don't allow the combinations cg, gc.
			-- Or do something else?
			if double ~= "" and double ~= first then
				error("Invalid sequence " .. first .. double .. ".")
			end
			
			-- t is /t͡s/ before i.
			local consonant
			if (next == "i") then
				if first == "t" then
					consonant = "ʦ"
				else
					consonant = consonant
				end
			end
			
			-- c, g are soft before e, i.
			local consonant
			if (next == "e" or next == "i") then
				if first == "c" then
					consonant = "ʧ"
				else
					consonant = "ʤ"
				end
			else
				if first == "c" then
					consonant = "k"
				else
					consonant = "ɡ"
				end
			end
			
			return consonant .. next
		end)
	
	-- u or i (without accent) before another vowel is a semivowel.
	-- ci, gi + vowel, gli, qu must be dealt with beforehand.
	transcription = mw.ustring.gsub(transcription,
		"([iu])(" .. vowel .. ")",
		function (semivowel, vowel)
			if semivowel == "i" then
				semivowel = "j"
			else
				semivowel = "w"
			end
			
			return semivowel .. vowel
		end)
	
	-- sc before e, i is /ʃ/, doubled after a vowel.
	transcription = transcription:gsub("sʧ", "ʃ")
	
	-- Move stress before syllable onset, and add syllable breaks.
	-- This rule may need refinement.
	transcription = mw.ustring.gsub(transcription,
		"()(" .. not_vowel .. "?)([^" .. vowels .. stress .. "]*)(" .. stress
			.. "?)(" .. vowel .. ")",
		function (position, first, rest, syllable_divider, vowel)
			-- beginning of word, that is, at the moment, beginning of string
			if position == 1 then
				return syllable_divider .. first .. rest .. vowel
			end
			
			if syllable_divider == "" then
				syllable_divider = "."
			end
			
			if rest == "" then
				return syllable_divider .. first .. vowel
			else
				return first .. syllable_divider .. rest .. vowel
			end
		end)
	
	if not single_character_affricates then
		transcription = mw.ustring.gsub(transcription, "([ʦʣʧʤ])([%." .. stress .. "]*)([ʦʣʧʤ]*)",
			function (affricate1, divider, affricate2)
				local full_affricate = full_affricates[affricate1]
				
				if affricate2 ~= "" then
					return mw.ustring.sub(full_affricate, 1, 1) .. divider .. full_affricate
				end
				
				return full_affricate .. divider
			end)
	end
	
	transcription = mw.ustring.gsub(transcription, "[h%-" .. circumflex .. "]", "")
	transcription = transcription:gsub("%.ˈ", "ˈ")
	
	return transcription
end

-- Incomplete and currently not used by any templates.
function export.to_phonetic(word)
	local phonetic = export.to_phonemic(word)
	
	-- Vowels longer in stressed, open, non-word-final syllables.
	phonetic = mw.ustring.gsub(phonetic,
		"(" .. stress .. not_vowel .. "*" .. vowel .. ")([" .. vowels .. "%.])",
		"%1" .. long .. "%2")
	
	-- /n/ before /ɡ/ or /k/ is [ŋ]
	phonetic = mw.ustring.gsub(phonetic,
		"n([%.ˈ]?[ɡk])", "ŋ%1")
	
	return phonetic
end

function export.show(frame)
	local m_IPA = require "Module:IPA"
	
	local args = require "Module:parameters".process(
		frame:getParent().args,
		{
			-- words to transcribe
			[1] = { list = true, default = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text },
			
			-- each parameter a series of numbers separated by commas,
			-- or a boolean, indicating that a particular z is voiced or
			-- that all of them are
			voiced = { list = true },
		})
	
	local Array = require "Module:array"
	
	local transcriptions = Array(args[1])
		:map(
			function (word, i)
				return { pron = "/" .. export.to_phonemic(word) .. "/" }
			end)
	
	return m_IPA.format_IPA_full(
		require "Module:languages".getByCode "it", transcriptions)
end

return export